CN103217714A - Seismic sedimentology interpretation method based on frequency-scale matching - Google Patents
Seismic sedimentology interpretation method based on frequency-scale matching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seismic sedimentology interpretation method based on frequency-scale matching, and belongs to the field of petroleum exploration and development. The seismic sedimentology interpretation method comprises the following steps: (1) loading post-stack seismic data, (2) carrying out phase switching, obtaining a phase seismic data body with the angle of 90 degrees, (3) confirming the average thickness of a main exploration target sand body according to well-point analysis, (4) confirming the tuning frequency of the target sand body, (5) processing the seismic data in a fractional frequency mode, obtaining a fractional frequency seismic data body reflecting the target sand body, (6) manufacturing strata slices of the fractional frequency data body, (7) interpreting the strata slices, obtaining plane distribution and evolution of the target sand body, (8) when sand bodies with various thickness levels exist, carrying out operations on the sand body at each level according to the step (4) to the step (7), (9) combining the interpretation results of the slices with the same depth of various fractional frequency bodies, and interpreting characteristics and evolution of research area sedimentary microfacies. The seismic sedimentology interpretation method based on the frequency-scale matching is used for interpretation of the thin-layer sedimentary characteristics under a seism vertical resolution ratio, remarkably improves thin-layer sedimentary seismic interpretation accuracy and is wide in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum prospecting and exploitation geology field, is a kind of Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure and techniqueflow.
Background technology
Along with deepening continuously of reservoir exploration exploitation, the importance of the forecast of distribution of narrow thin sand body in the oil-gas exploration and development geological research highlights day by day, and be the key content that carries out sand body forecast of distribution and meticulous depiction to the research of sedimentary micro and evolution thereof, be the tie point of the sand body origin cause of formation and forecast of distribution.No matter in the exploration stage or in the oil reservoir development stage, the spread of sedimentary micro and vertical evolution thereof all are the difficult points in the oil-gas geology research between well.Since the nineties in last century, the applied geophysics technology develop into that reservoir distribution and sedimentary facies research provide effective method between well.
The seismic stratigraphy that last century, late nineteen seventies proposed sedimentation unit and Sedimentary facies thereof when utilizing geophysics technical research etc. provide a kind of thinking and method, after continued to use this thinking and method in the sequence stratigraphy that grows up.The core of this method is seismic reflection lineups deposition interface when waiting, and sets up the seismic reflection shape mode of different sedimentary facies, and by the special seismic reflection form (combination) of identification on seismic section, the sedimentary facies of unit is made explanations when reciprocity.
Ceng Hongliu in 1998 and Henry have proposed " Seismic Sedimentology " this notion, think that Seismic Sedimentology is to utilize a subject of seismic data research sedimentogeneous rock and forming process thereof.Though Seismic Sedimentology is relevant with subjects such as seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, all different and development at aspects such as notion, research contents, method and technology.Acquire the development of Seismic Sedimentology from seismic stratigraphy, SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC, mean that earthquake information and technology use in the geology field progressively deeply.
New knowledge to earthquake lineups tautochronism is that the Seismic Sedimentology important theory breaks through.Ceng Hongliu etc. find in the research of Permain basin, in the carbonate platform edge and clinoform of foreset, the principal reflection lineups are not along the geology time surface that tilts, and find by parallel oblique INTERFACE MODEL common in the deltaic progradation body being carried out forward simulation: the frequency content of seismic data has been controlled the inclination angle and the internal reflection structure of seismic reflection lineups.Lineups are more prone to have lithology meaning rather than temporal meaning in the low frequency seismic data.At present the dominant frequency of mid-deep strata seismic data is generally below 40Hz, some in addition be lower than 20Hz, in this case when lithologic interface and sedimentation time interface are inconsistent, when reflection line-ups is worn.This viewpoint negated the strict tautochronism of reflection line-ups, the hypothesis of " at occurring in nature, not existing the seismic reflection of formation to be parallel to the physical interface of lithologic character stratum unit end face " of having revised that Vail proposes.This understanding means in seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy study, when along earthquake lineups tracking interface, think " when waiting " the interface some be " when wearing " in fact, this phenomenon in area that thin interbed is grown and the deltaic progradation floor to grow the district particularly outstanding.
The gordian technique of Seismic Sedimentology employing at present mainly comprises 90o phase transition, stratum section and frequency division interpretation technique.Wherein the 90o phase conversion technique is by making the reflection wave main lobe mention the thin layer center earthquake phase place rotation 90o, so just making the former earthquake lineups that are used as the bed boundary response have STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE, and then overcome the shortcoming of zero phase ripple; Bed boundary interpretation procedure when the frequency division interpretation technique is a kind of the grade, its theoretical foundation is about the new knowledge of earthquake lineups geological Significance in the Seismic Sedimentology, theory according to Seismic Sedimentology, the sedimentology information that different frequency becomes branch to reflect in the seismic data is different, by seismic data is carried out frequency division, the earthquake frequency division data volume of choosing appropriate frequency bands according to deposition characteristics and sand thickness just can reflect sedimentary information better; The stratum microtomy is the deposition interface when equal proportion interpolation obtains approximate secondary the grade between the interface when waiting, along these interfaces seismic data volume (comprising various attribute volumes) is cut into slices again, reflect sedimentary facies over time with this, this technology can be advantageously applied to sedimentary facies and the meticulous analysis research of deposit development history.These three gordian techniquies all are based on some understanding: when the seismic reflection lineups are not strictnesses etc., the frequency control of seismic data the inclination angle and the internal reflection structure of lineups.
In recent years, numerous domestic scholar has carried out earthquake geomorphology and Seismic Sedimentology research (Dong Chunmei, 2006 on different sedimentary systems stratum; Zhang Xianguo, 2006,2009; Lin Chengyan, 2007; Dong Yanlei, Zhu Xiaomin, 2008; Lu Yongchao, Du Xuebin, 2008; Wu Yinye, it is abundant to look after one's family, and 2008; Li Sitian, 2009; Li Xiupeng finds out, 2009), obtained good effect, simultaneously, the Seismic Sedimentology achievement in research of domestic scholars exchanges in international organization's annual meetings such as AAPG, has obtained the concern and the approval of international counterparts, and Seismic Sedimentology has entered Rapid development stage in China.
But Seismic Sedimentology research at present still is in the starting stage, lack workable Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure and techniqueflow, how to carry out the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation work in the practical study district is that present oil geology researchist is utilizing the subject matter that runs in seismic data research sedimentary facies and the evolution thereof, has restricted the application of Seismic Sedimentology technology in oil field actual production research.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to set up a kind of Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling, and the method step of formation Seismic Sedimentology explanation, for utilizing seismic data research sedimentary micro spread and vertical evolution thereof that a kind of workable method is provided, solve the sedimentary micro portrayal problem in the oil-gas exploration and development geological research, especially solve the flagstone deposition characteristics and describe a difficult problem.
The present invention realizes by following steps:
1) it is through protecting the geological data that the width of cloth is handled, according to 16 or the loading of 32 bit data precision that loading poststack 3-d seismic data set in computing machine, the seismic data volume here require;
2) phase place of judging original earthquake data is a, according to the difference of a and 90 ° the phase place of seismic data volume is rotated to 90 ° then, obtains the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places;
3), determine the average thickness of main exploration target sand body to the statistics of the target sand thickness on the well point;
4) the seismic data dominant frequency of definite reflection exploration targets sand body;
The seismic data dominant frequency of definite reflection exploration targets sand body that step 4) proposes, its method is according to the tuning principle of thickness, under the prerequisite that formation velocity is determined, when the sandstone thickness value equals quarter-wave, ask for corresponding frequency, concrete operation method is according to earthquake longitudinal wave propagation speed formula:
Wherein, v is a velocity of longitudinal wave, and f is the seismic data dominant frequency, and λ is the primary seismic wave wavelength, and h is a tuning thickness.
Make h equal the target sand thickness, utilize following formula to calculate the seismic data dominant frequency f of this target sand body correspondence, f is the seismic data dominant frequency of reflection exploration targets sand body.
5) seismic data is carried out frequency division and handle, obtain reflecting the frequency division seismic data volume of exploration targets sand body;
6) utilize selected earthquake frequency division data system to do the stratum section;
7) carry out the stratum section and explain, obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of target sand body;
In the step 7), the explanation of stratum section need be carried out under the guidance of sedimentation model and made ground, and any one only reflection and the corresponding sand body deposition characteristics of its earthquake frequency division data body frequency of stratum section.
8) if there is multiple thickness rank in the exploration targets sand body, can classify according to thickness, to each class sand body according to above-mentioned steps 4) operate to step 7), obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of such sand body.
In the step 8), the explanation of target sand body will be carried out on the frequency division seismic data volume that is complementary with its frequency, and this is committed step and operation that frequency-yardstick matching process is realized.
9) the same degree of depth stratum section explanation results that different frequency earthquake frequency division data volume is obtained merges, and utilizes amalgamation result that study area sedimentary micro spread and evolution thereof are made an explanation.
Embodiment
The present invention is by the target sand body is carried out the thickness classification, utilize the frequency division interpretation procedure that other sand body of all thickness level is carried out forecast of distribution respectively then, the result merges explanation to the different frequency cut prediction, obtains the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure of sedimentary micro spread and evolution feature thereof.
The present invention implements by following concrete operations step:
1) it is through protecting the geological data that the width of cloth is handled, according to 16 or the loading of 32 bit data precision that loading poststack 3-d seismic data set in computing machine, the seismic data volume here require;
2) phase place of judging original earthquake data is a, according to the difference of a and 90 ° the phase place of seismic data volume is rotated to 90 ° then, obtains the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places;
3) on the well point, utilize well-log information to determine the main target sand body, add up the thickness of these main target sand bodies, and carry out the thickness classification, determine the average thickness of each thickness rank target sand body;
4) the seismic data dominant frequency of definite reflection exploration targets sand body;
The seismic data dominant frequency of definite reflection exploration targets sand body that step 4) proposes, its method is according to the tuning principle of thickness, under the prerequisite that formation velocity is determined, when the sandstone thickness value equals quarter-wave, ask for corresponding frequency, concrete operation method is according to earthquake longitudinal wave propagation speed formula:
Wherein, v is a velocity of longitudinal wave, and f is the seismic data dominant frequency, and λ is the primary seismic wave wavelength, and h is a tuning thickness.
Make h equal the thickness of target sand body, utilize following formula to calculate the seismic data dominant frequency f of this target sand body correspondence, f is the seismic data dominant frequency of reflection exploration targets sand body.
5) seismic data is carried out frequency division and handle, obtain reflecting the frequency division seismic data volume of exploration targets sand body;
6) utilize selected earthquake frequency division data system to do the stratum section;
7) carry out the stratum section and explain, obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of target sand body;
In the step 7), the explanation of stratum section need be carried out under the guidance of sedimentation model and made ground, and any one only reflection and the corresponding sand body deposition characteristics of its earthquake frequency division data body frequency of stratum section.
8) if there is multiple thickness type in the exploration targets sand body, can classify according to thickness, to each class sand body according to above-mentioned steps 4) operate to step 7), obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of such sand body.
In the step 8), the explanation of target sand body will be carried out on the frequency division seismic data volume that is complementary with its frequency, and this is committed step and operation that frequency-yardstick matching process is realized.
9) the same degree of depth stratum section explanation results that different frequency earthquake frequency division data volume is obtained merges, and utilizes amalgamation result that study area sedimentary micro spread and evolution thereof are made an explanation.
Embodiment
Gulfian TS area Neogene System is grown fluvial facies deposit, and the thickness of different scales stream-laid deposit sand body there are differences, and study area is positioned at the sea, and drilling well is few and the well pattern distribution is irregular, and the sedimentary micro spread and the research difficulty that develops are big.Adopt method of the present invention, the sedimentary micro spread and the inner structural features thereof on different scales stream-laid deposit stratum are portrayed.
The geological data that at first will protect width of cloth processing is loaded in the computing machine, and this example adopts the OpenWorks interpretation software of LandMark company, and geological data is loaded in this software.
In second step, the well shake is demarcated, and utilizes the seismic reflection lineups of sea bottom surface to judge that the phase place of original earthquake data is 30 °, with 60 ° of geological data phase place rotations, obtains the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places.
The 3rd step, the well-log information of 9 mouthfuls of wells of study area to be analyzed, statistics is determined the thickness rank of main target sand body, is divided into two-stage, and other sandstone average thickness of thick sand body level is 20m, and thin other sandstone average thickness of sand body level is 8m.At first the sand body to average thickness 8m carries out the Seismic Sedimentology explanation.
The 4th goes on foot, and determines the frequency division data body frequency of target sand body correspondence.Zone of interest sandstone velocity of longitudinal wave is 2200m/s, according to formula:
Wherein, v is a velocity of longitudinal wave, and f is the seismic data dominant frequency, and λ is the primary seismic wave wavelength, and h is a tuning thickness.
Make h equal the average thickness 8m of target sand body, the seismic data dominant frequency of utilizing following formula to calculate target sand body correspondence is 68.75Hz, gets approximate value f=69Hz, is the seismic data dominant frequency of reflection exploration targets sand body.
The 5th step, seismic data is carried out frequency division handle, choosing dominant frequency is the seismic data volume of the earthquake frequency division data volume of 69Hz as reflection exploration targets sand body.
In the 6th step, make the stratum section of 69Hz earthquake frequency division data volume.
In the 7th step, under the guidance of sedimentation model and made ground, carry out the stratum section and explain.Sedimentary micro understanding with the well point is control, with the sedimentation model is to instruct to carry out preferred and explanation to the stratum section, obtains the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of first kind thickness rank target sand body (average thickness 8m).
In the 8th step, carry out the Seismic Sedimentology of the second class thickness rank target sand body (the target sand body of average thickness 20m) and explain.Concrete operations are according to above-mentioned steps 4) carry out to the method for step 7), obtain thick sand body rank target sand body planar distribution and the vertical evolution explanation results of average thickness 20m.
The 9th step, according to the method described above, finish the planar distribution characteristic explain of study area different-thickness rank deposition sand body, explanation results is merged, obtain the plane development characteristics of sedimentary micro.The stratum section explanation results of different depth is compared, under well point sedimentary evolvement analysis result's control, the deposition evolution of zone of interest is made explanations.
From explanation results, the two phases channel deposit sandstone distribution range difference that the study area zone of interest is grown is big, the sandstone distribution range of stream-laid deposit unit, bottom is little, main three main stems of growing by north orientation south, sandstone road trend along the river is the ribbon distribution, compares with the stream-laid deposit in later stage, and the width of sandstone development band is obviously little, the long-pending body of point bar side is grown, but the flexibility in river is low.
Claims (7)
1. based on the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure of frequency-yardstick coupling, comprise the choosing method of explaining the medium frequency parameter towards the frequency division of exploration targets sand body, it is characterized in that also comprising and carry out according to following method step:
(1) it is through protecting the geological data that the width of cloth is handled, according to 16 or the loading of 32 bit data precision that loading poststack 3-d seismic data set in computing machine, the seismic data volume here require;
(2) seismic data volume is carried out phase transition, obtain the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places;
(3), determine the average thickness of main exploration target sand body to the statistics of the target sand thickness on the well point;
(4) the seismic data dominant frequency of definite reflection exploration targets sand body;
(5) seismic data is carried out frequency division and handle, obtain reflecting the frequency division seismic data volume of exploration targets sand body;
(6) utilize selected earthquake frequency division data system to do the stratum section of zone of interest;
(7) carry out the stratum section and explain, obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of target sand body;
(8) if there is multiple thickness rank in the exploration targets sand body, can classify, each class sand body is operated according to above-mentioned steps (4) to step (7), obtain the planar distribution and the vertical evolution of such sand body according to thickness;
(9) the same degree of depth stratum section explanation results that different frequency earthquake frequency division data volume is obtained merges, and utilizes the sand body distribution explanation results that merges that study area sedimentary micro spread and evolution thereof are made an explanation.
2. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step (2), be converted to the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places, concrete grammar is: the phase place of at first judging original earthquake data is a, according to the difference of a and 90 ° the phase place of seismic data volume is rotated to 90 ° then, obtain the seismic data volume of 90 ° of phase places.
3. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that determining in the described step (4) the seismic data dominant frequency of reflection exploration targets sand body, its principle is according to the tuning principle of thickness, under the prerequisite that formation velocity is determined, when the sandstone thickness value equals quarter-wave, can ask for corresponding frequency, concrete grammar is: according to earthquake longitudinal wave propagation speed formula
Wherein, v is a velocity of longitudinal wave, and f is the seismic data dominant frequency, and λ is the earthquake wavelength, and h is a tuning thickness;
Make h equal the thickness of target sand body, utilize following formula to calculate the seismic data dominant frequency f of this target sand body correspondence, f is the seismic data dominant frequency of reflection exploration targets sand body.
4. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described step (6), and making the stratum section employed is through the seismic data volume after phase transition and the frequency division processing.
5. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step (7), the explanation of stratum section need be carried out under the guidance of sedimentation model and made ground, and only reflection and the corresponding sand body deposition characteristics of its earthquake frequency division data body frequency of any stratum section.
6. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step (8), if there is multiple thickness rank in the exploration targets sand body, can classify according to thickness, each class sand body is carried out seismic interpretation according to step (4) to step (7) respectively, the explanation of target sand body just will be carried out on the frequency division seismic data volume that frequency is complementary with it, and this is committed step and operation that frequency-yardstick matching process is realized.
7. the Seismic Sedimentology interpretation procedure based on frequency-yardstick coupling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described step (9), the same degree of depth stratum section explanation results that different frequency earthquake frequency division data volume is obtained merges, and utilizes the sand body distribution explanation results that merges that study area sedimentary micro spread and evolution thereof are made an explanation.
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| CN111596364B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-06-13 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Seismic sediment microphase combination analysis method based on high-precision sequence stratum grillwork |
| CN111948716A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-17 | 河南理工大学 | Method for calculating depth of submarine water channel by using seismic data |
| WO2023124912A1 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Prediction method and apparatus for carbonate rock sedimentary facies category |
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