CN103217141A - Sun position detection device and method - Google Patents
Sun position detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103217141A CN103217141A CN2013100867074A CN201310086707A CN103217141A CN 103217141 A CN103217141 A CN 103217141A CN 2013100867074 A CN2013100867074 A CN 2013100867074A CN 201310086707 A CN201310086707 A CN 201310086707A CN 103217141 A CN103217141 A CN 103217141A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sun position detection device and method. The device comprises a base, a shell and an upper cover; the shell, the upper cover and the base form a cavity; a camera for collecting solar image is arranged on the base in the cavity; and the upper cover comprises surrounding shading part and a transmitting part located in the center. The invention has the following advantages: (1) the digital camera avoids the high requirements of silicon cell on light source, so that the detection angle (field angle) changes with the light source to a desired size to expand the tracking range on the sun and improve the tracking efficiency; (2) a CCD sensor and a COMS sensor can identify the photos by domains to remove the interference image and obtain a real image of the sun, thereby greatly increasing the tracking precision; and (3) the control signal is output through a way that a single chip microcomputer collects photos and conducts operation analysis on the photo, and the digital collection process overcomes the problem of large error of simulation acquisition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar heat power generation system, more particularly, relate to a kind of position of sun pick-up unit and method.
Background technology
The position of sun pick-up unit is used for tracking position of sun, is used for solar heat power generation system, and the structure of the position of sun pick-up unit of prior art as shown in Figure 1.Device comprises first base 15, on first base 15 the photoelectricity quadrant sensors is set, the periphery of photoelectricity quadrant sensors is provided with first shell 16, first loam cake 17 is set on first shell 16, first shell 16 and first loam cake 17, first base 15 are tightly connected, on first loam cake 17 light conducting cylinder 18 is set vertically, light conducting cylinder 18 tops are provided with quartzy visor 19, being centered close on same the straight line of the center of the photoelectricity quadrant sensors of sensor, the center of light conducting cylinder 18, quartzy visor 19.In order to guarantee the accuracy of installation site, the setting alignment hole 21 corresponding with light-conductive hole on light-conductive hole 20, the first bases 15 is set, on first loam cake 17 by the accuracy that guarantees the installation site that aligns of light-conductive hole 20 and alignment hole 21.
The principle of photoelectricity quadrant sensors is to use silion cell as core component, silion cell is divided into 1/4 fan-shaped, be spliced into a full circle by four fan-shaped silion cells, when irradiate light is surperficial to silion cell, four fan-shaped silion cells are because the even photogenerated current size that then produces of uneven illumination is also different, and its core is exactly that the size of comparison photogenerated current is exported control signal.By calculating the electric current difference of relative position, control the tracker operation, when the electric current difference of relative position was 0, then tracker was over against the sun.
There is following defective in the position of sun pick-up unit of prior art: (1) photoelectricity quadrant sensors adopts silion cell as core component, silion cell is very high to the requirement of light source, the detection angles of photoelectricity quadrant sensors is very little, generally about 20 °, when detection angles is excessive, the hot spot that can in the visual field of photoelectricity quadrant sensors, exist condenser to form simultaneously, a plurality of light sources such as solar facula, this moment, sensor just can not be made accurate judgement to position of sun, can cause the error change of photoelectricity quadrant sensors to cause the photoelectricity quadrant sensors to lose efficacy greatly or directly like this, therefore, the solar energy sensor of existing design can not be accomplished the detection on a large scale to position of sun.(2) the photoelectricity quadrant sensors is an analog sensor, and than the influence that is easier to be subjected to parasitic light, and the same day, aerial cloud layer reflected when strong, can make a big impact to sensor, influenced the stability of tracker.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the proposition of above problem, and develop a kind of position of sun pick-up unit and method.
A kind of position of sun pick-up unit comprises base, it is characterized in that, also comprise shell, loam cake, shell, loam cake and base form cavity, and the camera of gathering sun image is arranged on the interior base of cavity, and loam cake comprises the transmittance section that is positioned at light shielding part all around, is positioned at the center.
Preferably, the transmittance section comprises quartz glass layer and the Ahmedabad film that is positioned at the quartz glass layer below.
Preferably, device also comprises the single-chip microcomputer that is connected with camera, single-chip microcomputer comprises image acquisition units, gray scale processing unit, sun image center acquiring unit, D/A conversion unit, electric motor units, the gray scale processing unit is connected with image acquisition units, the gray scale processing unit is connected with sun image center acquiring unit, D/A conversion unit is connected with sun image center acquiring unit, and electric motor units is connected with D/A conversion unit.
Preferably, electric motor units comprises and faces upward bow motor and horizontal motor.
Preferably, camera adopts ccd sensor or COMS sensor.
Preferably, the field angle of camera is 120 °.
Preferably, shell, loam cake, base are tightly connected.
A kind of position of sun detection method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, single-chip microcomputer image acquisition units are instructed to the shooting hair image acquisition of position of sun pick-up unit;
B, camera are carried out acquisition instructions, behind the collection sun image, sun image are transferred to the image acquisition units of single-chip microcomputer;
C, gray scale processing unit carry out gray scale to the sun image from image acquisition units to be handled, and obtains 0-255 rank gray level image;
D, sun image center acquiring unit determine the central point of sun image according to gray level image, and the central point of the central point of this sun image and the sun image that detected last time is compared processing, obtain the motion-vector at sun image center;
E, D/A conversion unit are converted to corresponding pulsed drive electric motor units motion with the motion-vector at sun image center.
Preferably, electric motor units comprises and faces upward bow motor and horizontal motor.
Implement technical scheme of the present invention, have following beneficial effect: (1) adopts digital camera, ccd sensor or COMS sensor have been avoided the high request of silion cell to light source, therefore detection angles (field angle) become greater to desirable size thereupon, expansion improves and follows the tracks of efficient the following range of the sun.(2) ccd sensor or COMS sensor can carry out subregion identification to captured photo, can remove interfering picture, obtain real sun image, and tracking accuracy is improved greatly.(3) adopting single-chip microcomputer that sun image is handled, carry out the mode of operational analysis by collection photo and comparison film and export control signal, is a kind of digital collection process, has overcome the mistake problem of analog acquisition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the position of sun pick-up unit of prior art;
Fig. 2 is an example structure synoptic diagram of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the cut-open view of Fig. 2 of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention along the A direction;
Fig. 4 is another example structure synoptic diagram of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, shell; 2, camera; 3, quartz glass support; 4, Ahmedabad film; 5, quartz glass; 6, loam cake; 7, camera mounting screw; 8, trip bolt; 9, window sealing gasket; 10, housing seal pad; 11, mounting hole; 12, aviation plug mount pad; 13, single-chip microcomputer; 1301, webcam driver unit; 1302, image acquisition units; 1303, gray scale processing unit; 1304, sun image center acquiring unit; 1305, D/A conversion unit; 14, motor; 1401, face upward the motor of bowing; 1402, horizontal motor; 15, first base; 16, first shell; 17, first loam cake; 18, light conducting cylinder; 19, quartzy visor; 20, light-conductive hole; 21, alignment hole.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of position of sun pick-up unit and method, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 is an example structure synoptic diagram of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention, Fig. 3 is the cut-open view of Fig. 2 of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention along the A direction, as shown in the figure, the position of sun pick-up unit comprises base, also comprise shell 1, loam cake 6, shell 1, loam cake 6 forms cavity with base, and the camera 2 that will gather sun image by camera mounting screw 7 is arranged on the base in the cavity, and loam cake 6 comprises the transmittance section that is positioned at light shielding part all around, is positioned at the center.Can make shell 1 fixing by any-mode, in the present embodiment, loam cake 6 is fixed on the shell 1, and seal by housing seal pad 10 by trip bolt 8 with loam cake 6.For pick-up unit is applied in the solar power system, also be provided with the mounting hole 11 that pick-up unit is installed to desired location on the base.
As optimal technical scheme, the transmittance section comprises quartz glass layer 5 and is positioned at the Ahmedabad film 4 of quartz glass layer 5 belows.Quartz glass is the very high material of a kind of light transmission, and uses the hardness of glass very high, and chemical stability is fine, is particularly suitable as the window protective material that uses under the outdoor environment.Quartz glass layer effectively raises the life-span of sensor under the prerequisite that guarantees light transmission; The Ahmedabad film is a kind of solar spectrum filtering device of cheapness, can effectively filter but can not change the characteristic of solar spectrum sunshine, use the Ahmedabad film can photograph the very high sun image of contrast as filtering device, can not produce phenomenons such as aberration, this is very favorable to Flame Image Process, can effectively improve the precision of sensor.The Ahmedabad film is a kind of very cheap filter, makes the cost of pick-up unit obtain effectively reducing.
Fig. 4 is another example structure synoptic diagram of position of sun pick-up unit of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the position of sun pick-up unit comprises the single-chip microcomputer 13 that is connected with the camera 2 of position of sun pick-up unit, single-chip microcomputer 13 comprises webcam driver unit 1301, image acquisition units 1302, gray scale processing unit 1303, sun image center acquiring unit 1304, D/A conversion unit 1305, electric motor units 14, image acquisition units 1302 and webcam driver unit 1301, gray scale processing unit 1303 is connected with image acquisition units 1302, gray scale processing unit 1303 is connected with sun image center acquiring unit 1304, D/A conversion unit 1305 is connected with sun image center acquiring unit 1304, and electric motor units 14 is connected with D/A conversion unit 1305.The camera 2 of sun pick-up unit is sent to single-chip microcomputer 13 with the sun image that collects, and is obtained the motion-vector that obtains the sun image center behind the central point of sun image by the sun image center acquiring unit 1304 of single-chip microcomputer 13; By D/A conversion unit 1305 motion-vector at sun image center is converted to corresponding pulsed drive electric motor units 14 motions.
As optimal technical scheme, electric motor units 14 comprises faces upward bow motor 1401 and horizontal motor 1402, with the accurate location of accurate control solar collecting device to the sun.
Each frame sun image that camera 2 will collect is transferred to single-chip microcomputer, the RGB image that single-chip microcomputer transmits camera by the gray scale handling procedure carries out gray scale to be handled, obtain 0-255 rank gray level image, the gray level image that obtains calculates the center of fiqure position of sun image through sun image center of fiqure calculation procedure, via the digital-to-analogue Transformation Program digital quantity being converted into analog quantity again exports to and faces upward bow motor and horizontal motor, face upward bow motor and horizontal motor and carry out corresponding action, finish tracking by the analog quantity that obtains.
As optimal technical scheme, also be provided with aviation plug mount pad 12 on the position of sun pick-up unit, (aviation plug is the very high standard component of a kind of safe reliability as aviation plug, sealing and class of insulation height, easy for installation) link, the flow process that simplifies the operation improves equipment dependability.
The present invention also provides a kind of position of sun detection method, and this method comprises the steps:
A, single-chip microcomputer 13 image acquisition units 1302 are instructed to 2 image acquisition of camera of position of sun pick-up unit;
B, camera 2 are carried out acquisition instructions, behind the collection sun image, sun image are transferred to the image acquisition units 1302 of single-chip microcomputer 13;
C, 1303 pairs of sun images from image acquisition units 1302 of gray scale processing unit carry out gray scale to be handled, and obtains 0-255 rank gray level image;
D, sun image center acquiring unit 1304 determine the central point of sun image according to gray level image, and the central point of the central point of this sun image and the sun image that detected last time is compared processing, obtain the motion-vector at sun image center;
E, D/A conversion unit 1305 are converted to corresponding pulsed drive electric motor units 14 motions with the motion-vector at sun image center.
As optimal technical scheme, electric motor units 14 comprises faces upward bow motor 1401 and horizontal motor 1402, with the accurate location of accurate control solar collecting device to the sun.
Gray scale processing unit 1303 can take following method that sun image is carried out the gray scale processing.The computing formula that the gray scale of RGB image is handled:
One: Gray=R*0.299+G*0.587+B*0.114
Two: Gray=(R*299+G*587+B*114+500)/1000
Three: Gray=(R^2.2*0.2973+G^2.2*0.6274+B^2.2*0.0753) ^ (1/2.2)
Sun image center acquiring unit 1304 can adopt multiple mode to obtain the center of sun image, for example binaryzation algorithm, direct edge detection algorithm, following limb detection algorithm etc.
The binaryzation algorithm: set a threshold values VALVE, to the every row in the video matrix, compare the size of each pixel value and threshold values from left to right, if pixel value is less than or equal to threshold values, what then judge this pixel correspondence is sky; Otherwise then judging corresponding is sun image, writes down to occur and occur for the last time pixel value for the first time greater than capable number of the pixel of threshold values and row number, and the mean value of calculating row number is as the altitude of the sun coordinate, and the mean value of row number is as the azimuthal coordinates of the sun.
Direct edge detection algorithm: adopt the algorithm that chases after line search, at first find black picture element to arrive the rising edge of white pixel and the negative edge from the white pixel to the black picture element, calculate the alternate position spike of rising edge and negative edge then, if greater than the certain standard value, then think and found sun image, and can average and calculate the central point of sun image.Threshold values can be set based on the test, and also can adopt overall adaptive method to set, and image of the complete scan of at every turn sampling obtains the mean value of gradation of image value, obtains required threshold values with average adjustment coefficient on duty then.
The following limb detection algorithm: because the solar motion track day is certain, and movement velocity is very little, so adjacent twice sun image is more close.Following limb detects and utilizes this characteristic just, and direct rim detection is simplified.Its thinking is: if searched out the left hand edge of sun image, then just search near last once left hand edge next time.The characteristics of this method are to follow the tracks of the annex of the left hand edge of sun image all the time, remove to seek the left hand edge of next image, and search efficiency is improved.If but twice position of sun differs bigger, will produce a succession of mistake.
D/A conversion unit 1305 is converted to corresponding pulsed drive electric motor units 14 motions with the motion-vector at sun image center, be about to this sun image center point coordinate that obtains and do the difference computing with last sun image center point coordinate, obtain the motion-vector at sun image center, comprise horizontal component and vertical component.If:
X is the horizontal component (for angle value) of the motion-vector at sun image center;
Y is the vertical component (for angle value) of the motion-vector at sun image center;
Na is the reduction gear ratio of tangential movement;
Nb is the reduction gear ratio of vertical movement;
α is the anglec of rotation of the horicontal motion mechanism of each pulse correspondence;
β is the anglec of rotation of the vertical movement mechanism of each pulse correspondence;
T α is the umber of pulse that sends to horizontal motor;
T β is the umber of pulse that sends to motor vertical;
Then the horizontal pulse number is: T α=X*Na/ α
Then the vertical pulse number is: T β=Y*Nb/ β
Motor stops after carrying out accurate movement and arrive the target location according to the quantity of pulse.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. position of sun pick-up unit, comprise base, it is characterized in that, also comprise shell (1), loam cake (6), shell (1), loam cake (6) form cavity with base, the camera (2) of gathering sun image is arranged on the interior base of cavity, and loam cake (6) comprises the transmittance section that is positioned at light shielding part all around, is positioned at the center.
2. position of sun pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the transmittance section comprises quartz glass layer (5) and is positioned at the Ahmedabad film (4) of quartz glass layer (5) below.
3. position of sun pick-up unit according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise the single-chip microcomputer (13) that is connected with camera (2), single-chip microcomputer (13) comprises image acquisition units (1302), gray scale processing unit (1303), sun image center acquiring unit (1304), D/A conversion unit (1305), electric motor units (14), gray scale processing unit (1303) is connected with image acquisition units (1302), gray scale processing unit (1303) is connected with sun image center acquiring unit (1304), D/A conversion unit (1305) is connected with sun image center acquiring unit (1304), and electric motor units (14) is connected with D/A conversion unit (1305).
4. according to the arbitrary described position of sun pick-up unit of claim 3, it is characterized in that electric motor units (14) comprises faces upward motor of bowing (1401) and horizontal motor (1402).
5. position of sun pick-up unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, camera (2) adopts ccd sensor or COMS sensor.
6. position of sun pick-up unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the field angle of camera (2) is 120 °.
7. position of sun pick-up unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, shell (1), loam cake (6), base are tightly connected.
8. a method of implementing the described device of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, single-chip microcomputer (13) image acquisition units (1302) are sent out the image acquisition instruction to the camera (2) of position of sun pick-up unit;
B, camera (2) are carried out acquisition instructions, behind the collection sun image, sun image are transferred to the image acquisition units (1302) of single-chip microcomputer (13);
C, gray scale processing unit (1303) carry out gray scale to the sun image from image acquisition units (1302) to be handled, and obtains 0-255 rank gray level image;
D, sun image center acquiring unit (1304) determine the central point of sun image according to gray level image, and the central point of the central point of this sun image and the sun image that detected last time is compared processing, obtain the motion-vector at sun image center;
E, D/A conversion unit (1305) are converted to corresponding pulsed drive electric motor units (14) motion with the motion-vector at sun image center.
9. position of sun detection method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, electric motor units (14) comprises faces upward motor of bowing (1401) and horizontal motor (1402).
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| CN103994749A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-20 | 宁波金盾电子工业有限公司 | Sun position coordinate detecting device based on image processing technology |
| CN104020786A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-03 | 宁波金盾电子工业有限公司 | Automatic sun chasing gesture control system for solar power generation device |
| CN104331089A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-04 | 国家电网公司 | Household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system and method based on image analysis |
| CN104359453A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 毕诗捷 | Electronic sun position sensor based on image processing technology and application method thereof |
| CN104808693A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-07-29 | 江门市新会区向日葵科技有限公司 | Solar photovoltaic tracking system sensor and sun tracking method thereof |
| CN106020250A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-12 | 温州职业技术学院 | Sun tracking device and tracking method thereof |
| CN116033251A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-04-28 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Camera for monitoring solar energy equipment |
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| CN116033251B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-03-29 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Camera for monitoring solar energy equipment |
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Application publication date: 20130724 |