CN103215034A - 一种高质量CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高质量CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及荧光半导体纳米材料制备技术领域,特别涉及到一种低成本,环保,简单,可控的合成高质量CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶的方法。通过采用常规的铜盐,铟盐,锌盐作为阳离子前驱体,采用硫醇作为硫源和表面配体,合成的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶荧光范围可以在530-830nm之间连续调节,荧光量子产率处于40-70%,稳定性好。本发明为CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶的工业化大规模合成提供了一个新的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光半导体纳米材料制备技术领域,特别涉及到一种低成本,环保,简单,可控的合成高质量CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构半导体纳米晶的方法。
背景技术
在可见光-近红外荧光半导体纳米晶制备方面,以往人们主要研究热点集中在CdTe,CdSe,PbS,PbSe以及CdxHg1-xTe等上。由于这些纳米晶含Cd,Pb,Hg等毒性元素,并且在纳米晶制备方法上还存在着使用易燃易爆的前驱体,因此限制了其未来在光电器件以及生物标记等领域的应用。最近人们把发光半导体纳米晶制备研究的热点集中在I-III-VI2半导体纳米晶的制备上,尤其是CuInS2纳米晶不但可以在可见-近红外发光连续可调,而且在毒性方面,CuInS2相对于以往的发光纳米晶不含毒性重金属,因此具有更加绿色环保的优点,更加适宜于活体细胞检测和未来器件应用。然而由于CuInS2量子产率太低必须对其进行表面钝化,形成CuInZnxSy复合结构纳米晶,其量子产率可达30%以上。在从CuInS2到CuInZnxSy过程中难免引入缺陷,造成量子产率下降,荧光峰位蓝移,很难实现在近红外发光领域高效稳定发光,并且合成过程较为复杂,不易规模化生产。因此研发一种操作简单、便于工业化生产、具有高量子产率高稳定性的、可实现在可见-近红外均高效发光的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶的方法具有重要的实际意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单高效,低成本,环保,可重复,可规模化合成的高质量的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶的方法。解决目前制备纳米晶过程复杂、合成成本高、稳定性差、难以实现近红外区域高效发光的难题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了铜盐,铟盐,锌盐作为铜、铟、锌前驱体,选用液体石蜡、油酸和硫醇的混合物作为上述三种盐的溶剂,这里选用硫醇即作为硫源又作为纳米晶表面配体。把上述铜、铟、锌盐按照一定比例混合加入到液体石蜡、油酸和硫醇的混合溶液中在氮气保护下加热到适当温度(200-280 ℃),反应一定时间(1-60min),加入一定量一定浓度的锌盐溶液,继续反应10min-3h。得到CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶。
具体的,上述铜盐,铟盐,锌盐包括醋酸铜,碘化铜,氯化铜,油酸铜,硬脂酸铜,醋酸铟,碘化铟,氯化铟,油酸铟,醋酸锌,油酸锌,硬脂酸锌。上述硫醇包括十二烷基硫醇,八烷基硫醇,十六烷基硫醇等。以上所述溶解锌盐的有机溶剂可选自下列之一或任意几种任意比例的混合物:液体石蜡、石蜡,十八稀,油氨,油酸,其中最优选液体石蜡和油氨的混合溶液,可以极大的降低合成成本。
进一步,上面的铜、铟、锌前驱体比例为1:1:x(0≤x≤1)。液体石蜡、油酸和硫醇混合溶液中油酸的量为铜和铟前驱体的摩尔数和的3-10倍,硫醇的量为铜和铟前驱体摩尔数和的2-1000倍。加入的锌盐浓度为0.1-1mmol/mL,加入的量为铜和铟前驱体摩尔数和的3-20倍。
本发明采用采用一锅法制备CuInZnxS2+x纳米晶核通过直接添加锌前驱体的方法合成CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶,简化了制备核及核壳结构过程中的工序,同时采用了价格低廉的溶剂进一步降低了成本。因而此法不仅合成出了高质量的纳米晶,增加了合成的可控性,同时还使合成工序简化、降低了成本。
以上方法可制备得CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶,荧光量子产率可达40-70%。荧光光谱范围在530-830nm,具有良好的稳定性。
本发明相对于现有技术,有以下优点:
本发明方法工序简单,便于操作,使用的溶剂环保且成本低,合成的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶量子产率高,稳定性好的优点。本方法为大规模工业化制备高量子产率、高稳定性的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶提供了一条新的路径。
附图说明
图1. 为实施例1制备CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(x=0.6)纳米晶过程中随着反应时间的延长荧光吸收图谱变化情况。(a)1min时的荧光吸收图谱;(b)5min时的荧光吸收图谱;(c)10min时的荧光吸收图谱;(d)20min时的荧光吸收图谱;(e)23min时的荧光吸收图谱;(f)30min时的荧光吸收图谱;(g)50min时的荧光吸收图谱;(h)80min时的荧光吸收图谱。
图2. 为实施例1制备CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(x=0.6)纳米晶过程中随着反应时间延长得到的透射电镜图片。(a)20min时的电镜照片;(b)23min时的电镜照片;(c)30min时的电镜照片;(d)50min时的电镜照片;(e)80min时的电镜照片;(a1-e1)为(a-e)对应的高分辨电镜图。
图3. 为实施例1制备CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS 纳米晶过程中不同时间得到的XRD图谱。(a)反应20min时的XRD图谱;(b)反应30min时的XRD图谱;(c)反应80min时的XRD图谱。
图4. 为实施例2-6制备CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)纳米晶过程中不同x值的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS纳米晶的荧光光谱。
具体实施方式
以下以具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
合成CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(x=0.6)纳米晶:取0.4mmol碘化铜,0.4mmol醋酸铟和0.24mmol油酸锌混合加入到100 mL三颈瓶中,然后加入10mL液体石蜡,1mL油酸和2mL十二烷基硫醇在氮气保护下在150度排空气10-15min,然后迅速加热到240 ℃,反应20min后把温度降低到220 ℃并加入锌溶液(6mmol油酸锌溶解于5mL液体石蜡和5ml油氨),并在220 ℃生长,即得到CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(x=0.6)纳米晶。分别在不同时间取样得到荧光吸收图谱如图1(x=0.6),量子产率40-70%,生长过程电镜照片如图2所示,生长过程XRD图谱如图3所示。
实施例2—6
合成其余不同x值的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(1≥x≥0)纳米晶:实验过程同实施例1,只是把锌的量改变。调节不同x值制备的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS纳米晶的荧光图谱如图4所示。
Claims (7)
1.一种简单,环保,低成本,可重复的方法合成具有高量子产率,高稳定性的CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶,其特点在于包括以下步骤:把铜、铟、锌盐按照一定比例(铜、铟、锌前驱体比例为1:1:x(0≤x≤1))混合加入到液体石蜡、油酸和硫醇的混合溶液中在氮气保护下加热到适当温度(200-280℃),反应一定时间(1-60min),加入一定量(铜和铟前驱体摩尔数和的3-20倍)一定浓度(0.1-1mmol/mL)的锌盐溶液,继续反应10min-3h,得到CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:合成的纳米晶为CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶荧光范围处于530-830nm之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:CuInZnxS2+x/ZnS(0≤x≤1)核壳结构纳米晶荧光量子产率处于40-70%之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:所采用的铜盐,铟盐,锌盐包括醋酸铜,碘化铜,氯化铜,油酸铜,硬脂酸铜,醋酸铟,碘化铟,氯化铟,油酸铟,醋酸锌,油酸锌,硬脂酸锌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:所采用的硫醇包括十二烷基硫醇,八烷基硫醇,十六烷基硫醇等。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纳米晶合成方法合成纳米晶,其特点在于:液体石蜡、油酸和硫醇混合溶液中油酸的量为铜和铟前驱体的摩尔数和的3-10倍,硫醇的量为铜和铟前驱体摩尔数和的2-1000倍,加入的锌盐浓度为0.1-1mmol/mL,加入的量为铜和铟前驱体摩尔数和的3-20倍。
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