CN103211567B - Integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments and provides an integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe. The probe comprises a hot expanded core optical fiber, wherein the hot expanded core optical fiber comprises a single mode optical fiber part, a hot expanded core part and an inclined reflection part; the hot expanded core part is located at one end of the single mode optical fiber part; and the inclined reflection part is an inclined reflection face polished on the other end of the hot expanded core part. The integrated super-miniature optical coherence tomography probe disclosed by the invention adopts a method of completely eliminating the two reflection faces, so that a reflected light interference phenomenon does not happen.
Description
[
technical field]
The present invention relates to technical field of medical instruments, particularly a kind of detection being applied to cardiovascular OCT or tissue narrow space, to prevent the integrated Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe of interference ring.
[
background technology]
Along with the reach of science, in medical science with in biology, successively occurred various Image-forming instrument, such as: ultra sonic imaging, X-ray imaging, CT, MRT and PET etc., but how many these instruments have the advantages and disadvantages part of oneself.Ultra sonic imaging depends on the acoustic impedance of biological tissue, poor contrast, is difficult to find early stage canceration; X-ray imaging depends on the density of biological tissue, density is larger, image is whiter, but the Different Organs close for density and the image of tissue then cannot be differentiated because contrast is not high, and radioscopy makes tissue suffer the effect of strong ionizing radiation, incident high-energy Hui Shi biological tissue ionization.In addition, CT, MRT and PET equipment in chromatography imaging technique and cost of use costliness, have certain damaging action to human body; Such as: X-CT has higher imaging depth, whole health can be detected, resolution can reach 0.7mm to 2.0mm, the image reconstruction work of not overscanning and intensive all will spend the longer time, obtain a complete CT image and generally needed for tens seconds, high-resolution imaging when therefore it is not suitable for putting into effect; MRI causes atomic resonance in body to send their information own based on high-intensity magnetic field and high-frequency signal, and its resolution is also relatively low.And optical image technology becomes the comparatively ideal technology that compares, wherein topmost representative is Optical coherence tomography (optical coherence tomography) OCT.Its advantage is: utilize the infrared light of human zero damage as light source (being generally 830nm or 1310nm), the principle of door coherence time is utilized to realize chromatography, there is very high resolution (micron order), noncontact, radiationless, high-resolution realtime imaging and in body biopsy can be realized.It is owing to possessing above-mentioned special advantage, and Optical coherence tomography is a kind of medical imaging technology with fastest developing speed over nearly 20 years, is mainly used in ophthalmology, skin, dentistry, cardiovascular, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, early-stage cancer detection etc.
The core of OCT technology is Michelson's interferometer, because OCT technology derives from white light interferometric method in fact the earliest, and optical coherence domain reflectometry technique.The coherent light that this technology uses a wideband light source to send carries out the measurement of reflected field, and obtains the axial resolution of 10um by experiment and be greater than the dynamic range of 100dB.And traditional image method mainly comprises nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) vessel imaging and angiographic imaging, but these imagings are merely able to the profile or the in-profile that present blood vessel, manifest very fuzzy to the detail section of blood vessel wall and lumen of vessels, comprise the size of blood vessel wall arterial revascularization speckle, composition, crackle etc., these information have important clinical value for vascular integrity Evaluation and Prediction.And, because X-ray has very strong radioactivity, also limit usability to a certain extent like this.Therefore, desirable Angiography should not only can find the focal area of blood vessel but also can analyze the lesion properties in this region under the prerequisite ensureing necessary safety, thus provides effective scientific basis for clinical diagnosis.A miniature ultrasound imaging probe can directly be stretched into the profile scanning imaging that internal blood vessel carries out blood vessel by intravascular ultrasound imaging (intravascular ultrasound tomography, IVUS).This technology improves the resolution of blood vessel imaging to a certain extent, some obvious focal area can be found, but because the frequency of adopted ultrasonic probe is generally between 20-50MHz, correspondence image resolution is approximately about 200-100 μm, this resolution is also not enough to the details seeing blood vessel wall clearly, there is many limitation.And the optical coherence tomography chromatography adopting developed recently to get up (optical coherence tomography, OCT) technology can realize the high-resolution imaging of micron order in cardiovascular, carries out tracking evaluation to the effect of clinical discriminating and diagnosis coronary atherosclerosis and therapeutic intervention.
The appearance of endoscopic OCT, in the future carrying out in-vivo tissue pathological changes and cancer diagnosis provides strong help.Ink vessel transfusing OCT imaging (Intravascular OCT, IV-OCT) has the unique function that can present arteriosclerotic micro details, and particularly those are considered to the lump that is easy to break suddenly.The sharpest edges of this technology are exactly its high-resolution, exceed 10 times than the resolution of intravascular ultrasound imaging, can observe atheromatous plaque and the change of coronary artery micro-structure from tissue morphology.In addition, for observation and the location of Ink vessel transfusing implant frame, Ink vessel transfusing OCT imaging be common shadowgraph technique and intravascular ultrasound imaging incomparable.From the result of OCT imaging doctor can clearly observe support whether completely adherent, whether completely expansion, torn tissue, tissue prolapse and frame support rails the situation such as whether to be evenly distributed, these are that the use evaluating surgical stent is extremely important.At present along with the development of OCT technology, can realize IC high speed, high resolution imaging, and due to the appearance of Miniature optical fiber imaging catheter probe, can realize the imaging of artery stenosis inside pipe wall, these are all that common imaging technique institute is unapproachable.OCT imaging catheter compares with intravascular ultrasound catheter, and OCT conduit is only made up of an optical fiber, without any need for sensor, simple and practical.
Ink vessel transfusing OCT imaging system just starts recent years to grow up, and it mainly combines the technology such as optical imagery, mechanical scanning, signal processing, is the product that multi-crossed disciplines combines.Miniature OCT imaging catheter not only also can be used for lung airway for tremulous pulse, vein, can also be used for the micropore of the detection such as femto-second laser processing of various narrow space.For the feature of cardiovascular imaging, special interior pry head is needed to solve following key issue:
1, probe miniaturization issues, because cardiovascular OCT probe will enter into the coronary artery blood vessel of human body, is position the narrowest in human body, requires that probe size is less than 250um even less.And traditional endoscopic OCT probe is made up of optical fiber and GRIN Lens and prism, general GRIN Lens is of a size of 1.8mm, 1mm.Therefore the endoscopic OCT probe stock size outside dimension made is minimum is only 1mm, is difficult to produce reach the requirement of cardiovascular OCT probe size.
2, a difficult problem for interference ring is eliminated, because endoscopic OCT probe is made up of optical fiber and GRIN Lens and prism, general optical system return loss is about 60dB, but because the signal to noise ratio of OCT system can reach more than 100dB, therefore the reflected light that each end face in light path produces still can produce the phenomenon of mutually interfering, cause the appearance of interference ring, and interference ring very serious interfered with the quality of image, thoroughly must eliminate interference ring.
No. 4740047, US Patent No. discloses a kind of mini optical fibre probe, but carrys out collimated beam because fibre-optical probe does not increase lens, so cannot allow beam convergence, therefore signal is very weak, cannot reach the instructions for use of OCT probe.
No. CN100407980C, Chinese patent, disclose a kind of scanning miniature optical probes, can meet the demand of size microminiaturization, but the microprism be made up of optical fiber, coreless fiber, self-focusing optical fiber, band angle coreless fiber due to whole optical probe forms, cause and middlely occur multiple reflecting surface, each reflecting surface can produce certain reflected light, thus cause the phenomenon occurring interference ring, and when multiple joint face connects, technique is more complicated, manufacture difficulty is large, and production cost is high.To be exactly a kind of scheme of announcing in patent be made up of the GRIN Lens of a kind of 300um of being less than and reflecting mirror and optical fiber Fig. 1.Two end faces of GRIN Lens are all planes, and the reflected light of two plane generations can produce interference ring, and concrete interference ring is shown in Fig. 2.In optical coherence tomography system, can be detected along the reflex strength relation between the reflecting surface on propagation path of light.Two reflectings surface produce comparatively strong reflection in very near distance in fig. 2, light is multiple reflections in two reflectings surface, the light of multiple reflections will cause the appearance of interference ring (ciomatic flare) through coherent imaging, and why be referred to as ghost be because this interference ring be non-existent originally in the picture, this can cause the decline of image quality.Especially when interference ring is overlapping with actual imaging of tissue, can cause cannot resolve interference ring and real image, and this is the maximum difficult problem of OCT one of popping one's head in.And owing to have employed plastic protective sleeve pipe in patent, having two very disadvantageous factors, the first, the refractive index of plastic protective sleeve and the refractive index of glass-reflected prism are not mated, and more reflected light therefore can be caused to occur, also likely cause interference ring.In addition because plastic bushing can only do conglobate cross section, therefore collimated beam is equivalent to have passed through a cylindrical lens after plastic bushing, can carry out a convergence effect to light beam, causes emergent light spot to be ellipse light spot, produce optical distortion, the image quality of OCT can be affected so greatly.
At this, US Patent No. 7805034 describes a kind of mini optical fibre probe eliminating ghost (i.e. interference ring), it is in order to solve the problem of interference ring, two planes between probe must be eliminated, therefore, describe a kind of way adopting globe lens welding in patent, replace two planes of lens and reflecting mirror with two spheres, greatly reducing plane reflection light, therefore can eliminate interference ring (ciomatic flare).But the shortcoming of this patent is the use of a globe lens, is of a size of diameter 500um, the lens diameter size that cannot meet the requirement of cardiovascular OCT probe is less than the requirement of 250um.In sum, need to design a kind of detection being applied to cardiovascular OCT or tissue narrow space, to prevent the imaging probe of interference ring.
[summary of the invention]
In order to overcome in prior art the technical problem existing and can not meet size and be less than the interference ring of 250um and the generation of elimination multiple reflections simultaneously, the invention provides integrated Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
Integration Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe, described probe comprises hot core expansion optical fiber, described hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part, hot core expansion part and inclined reflection part, described hot core expansion portion is positioned at one end of single-mode fiber, and described inclined reflection part is the sloping reflector worn at the other end of hot core expansion part.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: the diameter of described probe is between 125-250um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: the spot size that expands of described probe is 20-100um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: the convergence spot size of described probe is 20-100um.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: the sloping reflector angle of described probe is 42 °-60 °.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: the sloping reflector of described probe is also established and is coated with total reflection rete, and described total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: described probe outside in addition diameter is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um, and the light output end of described optical coherence tomography probe is plane.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt the method thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface on the one hand, make it can not produce reflecting interference phenomenon, size can be met on the other hand simultaneously and be less than 250um and eliminate the advantage of the interference ring that multiple reflections produces.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that original optics OCT pops one's head in;
Fig. 2 is the image having interference ring after the imaging of optics OCT probe;
Fig. 3 is the image eliminating interference ring after the imaging of optics OCT probe;
Fig. 4 is the cut-away view of TEC optical fiber;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the optic probe using TEC optical fiber fabrication in embodiment one;
The optic probe structural representation of Fig. 6 embodiment two with flat glass pipe.
Description of reference numerals:
1, single-mode fiber, 2, GRIN Lens, 4, reflecting prism, 5, TEC optical fiber expand core diameter; 6, the non-of TEC optical fiber expands core diameter portion, and 7, covering, 10, single-mode fiber part, 20, hot core expansion part; 30, converging beam, 40, inclined reflection part, 51, quartz glass protective layer.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is that general cardiovascular OCT pops one's head in, and 1 is single-mode fiber, and 2 is GRIN Lens, and 4 is reflecting prisms, and two planes of GRIN Lens 2 are respectively at single-mode fiber 1 and reflecting prism 4 is bonding or welding, and the reflected light that these two planes produce will cause interference ring.The reflected light of plane can pass through following formulae discovery:
（1）
In formula:
for plane reflection rate, in optical fiber and the welding of GRIN Lens end face or abutting edge,
for 1.4681(fiber core refractive index),
for GRIN Lens refractive index,
=1.55.At GRIN Lens and reflecting prism end face abutting edge or weld, make because reflecting prism is generally coreless fiber, therefore refractive index is identical with single-mode fiber
=1.4681.As can be seen from the above equation, two refractive indexs are more lower close to reflectance, therefore will as much as possible by two refractive index match.Therefore two reflective surface light intensity are substantially suitable.The formula calculating return loss is as follows:
RL
1= 10lgR
01（2）
Known by calculating, the reflection echo loss in two faces is 31dB, and therefore, the light of two closely identical reflex strengths can form interference, produces interference ring (i.e. ghost).
Address this problem, have following three kinds of ways:
1, thoroughly eliminate these two reflectings surface, would not reflected light be produced.
When 2, not eliminating reflecting surface, increase joint face angle, significantly reduce intensity of reflected light, make reflected light weak to not producing interference.
When bevel angle is 8 degree, return loss is greater than 90dB, and when bevel angle is 10 degree, return loss is greater than 100dB.
3, do not eliminate reflecting surface when not increasing reflecting face yet, the distance of reflected light is zoomed out, make the interference ring produced exceed the indication range of image.
Because the imaging depth of OCT image is generally 2-3mm, therefore, as long as the image that radius is greater than beyond 5mm would not show, the diameter formula of interference ring is 2nd+ λ/2, and n is the index of refraction in lens, and d is the spacing of two reflectings surface.The refractive index of lens is 1.55, as long as 2nd is greater than 10mm would not demonstrate interference ring on image.And the image eliminating the imaging of interference ring as shown in Figure 3.
Below namely for above-mentioned put forward thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface, the specific embodiment of reflected light would not be produced.
embodiment one
Consult shown in Fig. 5, for embodiment provides integrated Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe, comprise hot core expansion optical fiber, and hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part 10, hot core expansion part 20 and inclined reflection part 40, and hot core expansion part 20 is positioned at one end of single-mode fiber part 10, also be make at the heating one end of single-mode fiber part 10, inclined reflection part 40 is the sloping reflector worn at the other end of hot core expansion part 20.Wherein, the diameter of whole probe is between 125-250um, selects 125um in the present embodiment; The spot size that expands of probe is 20-100um, selects 30um here; The spot size of the converging beam 30 of probe is 20-100um, selects 30um here; The sloping reflector angle of probe is 42 °-60 °, selects 50 ° here; The sloping reflector of probe is also established and is coated with total reflection rete, and total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm; Probe outside in addition diameter is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um, and the light output end of optical coherence tomography probe is plane.
Because whole optic probe is formed by a TEC optical fiber fabrication, without any reflecting surface, therefore completely eliminate the interference ring that reflecting surface brings.
TEC(Thermally-diffusion Expanded Core Fiber) optical fiber solves the difficult problem of a lot of regarding fibers Butt-coupling and Power Processing in single-mode fiber.Its structure as shown in Figure 4, comprise TEC optical fiber expand core diameter 5, TEC optical fiber non-ly expand core diameter portion 6 and covering 7, TEC optical fiber uses heat treated mode to make common SiO
2geO in optical fiber
2ge atom contained by adulterant spreads, and forms expanded core fiber.Its index distribution changes along optical fiber axle center, so mode field diameter also changes thereupon.The end portion of optical fiber is equivalent to directly to become gradient-index lens.Optical fiber can be replaced to add the structure of gradient-index lens, directly will export optical alignment or focusing.
And the refractivity of general single mode fiber covering and fibre core is by doped with Ge O in fibre core
2reach.The refractive index of fiber core is higher than the refractive index of melting pure silicon in covering.When heating general single mode fiber, the Ge adulterated in fibre core
4+ion will spread in fibre cladding, to make on cross section of optic fibre refractive index radially be graded profile, thus reaches the object expanding mode field diameter.After the thermal-flame of employing 1600 °-2000 ° heats uniformly to the single-mode fiber within the scope of about 4mm, make optical fiber be diffused in optical fiber by the Germanium dopants in heating part fibre core, just can reach the effect expanded.Optical fiber is still step optical fiber in non-bringing-up section, and between fibre core and covering, refractive index is step, then defines graded index profile in bringing-up section.
Normalized frequency
can not change in whole heating process, this illustrates that in TEC optical fiber, optical field distribution still only has basic mode, and therefore, in TEC optical fiber, light still keeps single mode transport, and it is only the difference of mode field diameter with the difference of general single mode fiber.So still, the optical field distribution in TEC optical fiber can be represented by Gauss distribution, describe the emergent light characteristic of TEC optical fiber by the transmission characteristic of Gaussian beam.And the external diameter of optical fiber can not be changed by heating, facilitates the use of TEC optical fiber.Know the normalized frequency of single-mode fiber and need the core diameter expanded just can calculate the mode field diameter after expanding.
Use in the present embodiment the single-mode fiber of standard G.652 (healthy and free from worry SMF-28) calculate and expand effect, the G.652 fiber core refractive index of optical fiber
be 1.468, cladding index
be 1.4628, core diameter
, therefore, when with
during calculating, refractivity
, numerical aperture NA=0.123.Work as heating-up temperature
time, the diffusion coefficient of single-mode fiber
, before not carrying out heat and expanding, GeO in fiber core
2doping content
.
Along with the passage of time that heat expands, GeO in single-mode fiber fibre core
2ge
4+geO in ion and covering
2si
4+ion has carried out heat exchange, therefore Ge
4+the doping content of ion progressively reduced along with the time of diffusion, and the refractive index that result in fibre core also progressively reduces, and the part that expands of single-mode fiber progressively becomes gradient index fibre by step optical fiber.
MFD(mode field diameter) be an important parameter of TEC optical fiber.In the making of TEC optical fiber, the MFD of optical fiber depends on acid extraction.The value of MFD can increasing and expand with the increase of heat time heating time and heating-up temperature.Increase the MFD that heating-up temperature ratio increases more effective expansion optical fiber heat time heating time.In order to not destroy the single mode transport characteristic of optical fiber, the key of TEC technology is adopted to be the length controlling optical fiber heating.Wherein
=1.468 is fiber core refractive indexs,
expand rear waist of Gaussian beam speckle radius.The beam waist diameter of 10um is expanded 30um gauss light beam waist diameter to calculate,
=1550nm is wavelength, and TEC optical fiber is 1.64mm from general single mode to the length expanding 30um.Usually when producing TEC optical fiber, heated length is 4mm.
embodiment two
Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe in above-described embodiment one all can increase quartz glass protecting tube 51 outside, and its structural representation as shown in Figure 6.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt the method thoroughly eliminating these two reflectings surface on the one hand, make it can not produce reflecting interference phenomenon, size can be met on the other hand simultaneously and be less than 250um and eliminate the advantage of the interference ring that multiple reflections produces.
Foregoing detailed description is only exemplary description, and those skilled in the art, when not departing from the scope and spirit that the present invention protects, according to the various embodiments that different actual needs is designed, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. an integrated Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe, is characterized in that: described probe is formed by a hot core expansion optical fiber fabrication, and the spot size that expands of described probe is 20-100um; Described hot core expansion optical fiber comprises single-mode fiber part (10), hot core expansion part (20) and inclined reflection part (40), one end of described hot core expansion part (20) is positioned at one end of single-mode fiber part (10), and described inclined reflection part (40) is the sloping reflector worn at the other end of hot core expansion part (20).
2. Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of described probe is between 125-250um.
3. Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the convergence spot size of described probe is 20-100um.
4. Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sloping reflector angle of described probe is 42 °-60 °.
5. Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sloping reflector of described probe is also established and is coated with total reflection rete, and described total reflection rete is metallic diaphragm.
6. Ultra-miniature optical coherence tomography probe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described probe outside in addition diameter is the quartz glass protective layer of 250um-500um, and the light output end of described optical coherence tomography probe is plane.
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| CN104932087A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-23 | 奥普多威（开曼）控股有限公司 | Integrated optical coherent detection probe |
| CN105193379B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-09-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of all -fiber endoscopic OCT probe based on drawing wimble structure |
| CN108324249B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 华南师范大学 | Intravascular photoacoustic imaging probe capable of simultaneously realizing optical coupling and photoacoustic excitation based on tapered optical fiber |
| CN109938679B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-07-25 | 杭州好克光电仪器有限公司 | Endoscope with protective sleeve |
| CN111419187A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-17 | 岱川医疗(深圳)有限责任公司 | Optical coherence tomography endoscopic probe and imaging system |
| CN112842270B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-05-17 | 浙江大学 | Focal depth expansion probe based on high-order mode energy regulation |
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