CN103208216A - Simulated sand table for simulating economical operation and method thereof - Google Patents
Simulated sand table for simulating economical operation and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulated sand table for simulating economical operation and a method thereof. The sand table comprises a sand table template and a sand table electronic analysis software system, wherein the sand table electronic analysis software system comprises a student terminal module and a teacher terminal module, each of a consumption goods manufacturer sand table and a raw material manufacturer sand table comprises an operating area, a cost area I, a raw material arrival area, a raw material value area, a cash area, a financial transaction area, a finished product area and a finished product value area, and each of a consumer sand table and a government sand table comprises a government and consumer income area, a total capital supply area, a total earth supply area, a delivery area and a cost area II. The simulated sand table disclosed by the invention correlates an enterprise with a consumer and the government, a student is placed in a nearly practical economy environment to face the influence of government regulation and control and the market, economic phenomena are visually displayed by means of chip deduction to enhance study interest, enable the student to thoroughly understand speculative knowledge and memory the speculative knowledge deeper, and simultaneously cause the student to learn and touch the macro and micro economic operation laws.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation sand table, particularly relate to a kind of simulation sand table and method thereof of simulating economical operation.
Background technology
For sand table, we are not strange, in some military relevant TV programme, usually can see the scene of utilizing sand table to carry out military commanding and deduction.In actual life, we also can touch the plot planning layout sand table that the real estate developer makes.These sand tables have all clearly been simulated real landform, landforms or general layout, and the user needn't be in the action and also can obtain clear and comprehensive understanding to position, the general layout that sand table is demonstrated.
Enterprise's live simulation training is derived from the military war sand table simulation in west and deduces.Simulation training has become the main separation course of most of 500 tops of the world enterprise managerial personnel's management training on the middle and senior level, and the outstanding Chinese Enterprise of accepting the sand table training has surpassed 6,000 families.The sand table teaching pattern is included in the teaching of MBA, EMBA and on-the-job training on the middle and senior level after introducing China by 18 institution of higher learning such as Beijing University, Tsing-Hua University, the National People's Congress, Zhejiang University.
Yet, wherein strategic planning of many simulations at the enterprise operation process of the simulation sand table relevant with economical operation on the market at present, simulation, fund procurement, the marketing, research and development of products, organization of production, purchase of goods and materials, equipment investment, scrap build, financial accounting etc. are runed link.But, can't simulate macroscopic view and microeconomics operation conditions based on the complexity of participant in the market-consumer, manufacturer, government.Particularly sand table also is in blank in the application aspect the economics simulation teching.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of simulation sand table and method thereof of novel simulation economical operation are provided, on the basis of old enterprise's operation process simulation, enterprise and consumer and government are connected, the student is placed in one and is close in the economic both macro and micro environment that really is, in the face of tangible hand-government regulation, the influence in hidden hand-market, relevant economics phenomenon is shown on sand table intuitively by chip, can strengthen the interest of student's study effectively, make the student more saturating to the economic theory knowledge understanding of learning, remember deeplyer, simultaneously the student also can know from experience and touch the economical operation rule of both macro and micro; Need not to install client and connect and can realize by LAN (Local Area Network), simple and convenient and practical.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation, be used for simulation microeconomy operation and marcoeconomic regulation and control, it comprises sand table template and the sand table electronic analysis software systems that link to each other by communication interface with the sand table template;
Described sand table electronic analysis software systems are made up of student module and teaching module, and student module comprises cash management submodule, raw material and factor supply submodule, market demand competitive bidding submodule, production/payment/technological transformation submodule, government regulation submodule, profit inquiry submodule and balance sheet inquiry submodule; The cash management submodule finishes that the annual cost hurdle empties, fund planning, be in debt professionally upgrade, assets operation upgrades; Raw material and factor supply submodule finish that the purchasing of raw materials, raw material are resell, land lease and production line dealing, competitive bidding labour; Market demand competitive bidding submodule is finished the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer, loan; Production/payment/technological transformation submodule is finished production, payment, technological transformation; The government regulation submodule is finished government regulation, inner management business, payment of duty, cash and is made an inventory;
Teaching module comprises teaching management and scoring submodule, macroeconomy target/measure submodule, macroeconomy data statistics submodule and each company's performance inquiry submodule; Teaching management is finished Team Management, member's scoring, team's score with the scoring submodule; Macroeconomy target/measure submodule is finished the setting of macroeconomy target and the enforcement of concrete measure; Macroeconomy data statistics submodule be used for organizing consumer goods manufacturer carry out the order competitive bidding, organize each company provide a loan competitive bidding, organize consumer goods manufacturer buying starting material, organizer material manufacturer buying raw material, organize each company's competitive bidding soil factory building rent, organize each company to buy production line, organize each competitive bidding labour of company, organize each company to produce and delivery, verify government and whether reach economic aim; Each company's performance inquiry submodule is for the operation performance of checking each company;
Described sand table template by the consumer's sand table that represents consumer among the participant in the market, represent manufacturer manufacturer's sand table, represent government government's sand table, be used for chip A, the chip B that is used for represent production line that the expression fund flows, be used for represent labour's chip C and form for representing raw-material chip D; Wherein, described manufacturer sand table comprises that at least one consumer goods manufacturer sand table that represents consumer goods market and at least one represent the starting material manufacturer sand table of raw material market;
Described consumer goods manufacturer's sand table and starting material manufacturer sand table are worth district, cash district, financial transaction district, finished product district and finished product by operating area, expense district I, raw material to goods area, raw material and are worth district's composition; Described operating area is worth hurdle, soil and factory building lease hurdle, production line depreciation hurdle, investment in technological upgrading hurdle, personnel by production line and employs hurdle and production line hurdle to form; Described financial transaction district is by entrusting loaning bill hurdle, payment in advance hurdle, receivables hurdle, advance receipt hurdle, entrusted loan hurdle, payables hurdle and loan hurdle to form;
Described consumer's sand table and government's sand table are taken in district, fund supply total amount district, soil total supply district, delivery district and expense district II by government and consumer;
Described expense district I comprises that total wages payout column, managerial cost hurdle, the expense of throwing a lease hurdle, production line safeguard hurdle, tax hurdle, marketing cost hurdle and interest expense hurdle;
Described expense district II by loan expire hurdle, interest hurdle, advertising fee hurdle, rent of soil hurdle, wage overtime premium hurdle, value added tax hurdle, production line maintenance expense hurdle, income tax hurdle, overhead cost hurdle and in violation of rules and regulations the fine hurdle form.
Further, communication interface comprises serial ports, parallel port or USB interface.
Further, profit inquiry submodule is filled and presented profit and loss statement according to 1 year management state, comprising sales revenue, gross profit, operation profit, total profit, pure profit.
The analogy method of the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation, it may further comprise the steps:
S1: the consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table, government's sand table, chip A, chip B, chip C and the chip D that are provided for simulating economical operation;
S2: according to Principles of Economics, utilize the deduction of chip in consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table and government's sand table simulation economical operation situation, it comprises following one or more non-succession steps:
(1) cash management, it comprises following substep:
S101: empty all expense hurdles last year: empty the chip A in all sand table expense hurdles;
S102: the professional renewal of being in debt may further comprise the steps:
S1021: all payables pay at maturity toward reach one lattice;
S1022: all bank loans expire and repay or the advanced redemption capital toward reach one lattice;
S1023: entrusted loan is toward reach one lattice, and Replacement of principal expires;
S1024: the annual interest of paying all items of being in debt;
S103: assets operation is upgraded, and may further comprise the steps:
S1031: the receivables of assets item is toward reach one lattice on the sand table template card, and the withdrawal capital expires;
S1032: enterprise regains entrusted loan;
(2) raw material and factor supply, it comprises following substep:
S201: the purchasing of raw materials may further comprise the steps:
S2011: the raw material of reservation puts in place, removes the payment in advance of card;
S2012: purchase with cash new raw material, cash payment;
S2013: the purchase on credit new raw material increases payables;
S2014: the next year raw material is subscribed in payment, the payment payment in advance;
S202: raw material is resell, and may further comprise the steps:
S2021: the raw material of reselling, receive cash;
S2022: the raw material of reselling, do not receive cash, receivables increases the amount of money;
S2023: the purchase cost that increases the raw material of reselling;
S203: land lease and production line dealing may further comprise the steps:
S2031: soil and factory building lease competitive bidding obtain the soil, the payment lease rent;
S2032: buy in production line, cash payment;
S2033: sell idle production line, receive cash;
S204: competitive bidding labour: redistribute number of workers, the production line production capacity is calculated in the competitive bidding again of labour's wage, payment labour's wage and overtime premium;
(3) market demand competitive bidding, it comprises following substep:
S301: the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer: consumer goods manufacturer carries out products quotation, and advertisement is submitted a tender and obtained order, props up to pay off advertising;
S302: loan may further comprise the steps:
S3021: the loan interest rate competitive bidding obtains bank loan;
S3022: handle entrusted loan between enterprise, obtain cash;
S3023: enterprise provides entrusted loan;
(4) production, payment, technological transformation, it comprises following substep:
S401: produce: drop into raw material, produce;
S402: pay, may further comprise the steps:
S4021: order delivery, collection of cash payment for goods are pressed by consumer goods manufacturer;
S4022: the cost of raw material of consumer goods manufacturer delivered product in the current year;
403: technological transformation: the investment technological transformation;
(5) government regulation, it comprises following substep:
S501: government regulation, confiscated soil payment or rent and the expense of throwing a lease;
S502: the inner management business may further comprise the steps:
S5021: payment management takes;
S5022: obtain the rewarding fund of the government cash;
S5023: payment government fine;
S5024: meter is proposed the production line depreciation;
S5025: payment production line maintenance expense;
S503: payment of duty may further comprise the steps:
S5031: pay value added tax by 17%;
S5032: pay income tax by 25%;
S504: cash is made an inventory: do form, close account, the end of term cash of making an inventory.
The simulation sand table of simulation economical operation is simulated following economics content by the deduction of chip on sand table:
1) the demand and supply theory of microeconomics and key element theory;
2) market structure of microeconomics and theory of the firm;
3) market failure in the economical operation and welfare economics principle;
4) national income theory of macroeconomics and money market general equilibrium theory;
5) economic cycle of macroeconomics and the theory of economic growth;
6) application principle of fiscal policy and monetary policy.
The simulation process of described step 1) comprises:
SS101: consumer goods manufacturer carries out soil and production line investment: the chip in the cash district of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to soil and factory building lease hurdle and production line is worth the hurdle, the chip B that represents production line is put into the production line hurdle of consumer goods manufacturer sand table;
SS102: consumer goods manufacturer carries out the order competitive bidding;
SS103: consumer goods manufacturer and the starting material manufacturer contact of commencing business: the raw material of starting material manufacturer sand table is worth raw material that the chip in the district is transferred to consumer goods manufacturer sand table to goods area, and the chip in the consumer goods manufacturer sand table cash district is transferred in the cash district of starting material manufacturer sand table;
SS104: consumer goods manufacturer begins production and operating activities, comprises consumer goods production and consumption product operating procedure:
Consumer goods production stage: the raw material of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to its finished product district to the chip on the goods area;
Consumer goods operating procedure: the chip in the finished product value district of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to its cash district;
SS105: carry out the analysis of Influential Factors of production factors Supply and Demand, the flexibility analysis of supply and demand, static state and the performance analysis of supply and demand equilibrium price;
Described step 2) simulation process comprises:
SS201: the consumer goods and raw-material Market Competition Structure are analyzed;
SS202: each consumer goods manufacturer operation of under different competitive markets, submitting a tender;
SS203: analyze income and cost under the Different Market Structure;
SS204: analyze market structure to the influence of investment and business decision;
SS205: analyze, sum up the business decision behavior in the different market environments;
The simulation process of described step 3) comprises:
SS301: implement the supervision to the capital market business;
SS302: implement the supervision to consumer goods market;
SS303: consumer goods manufacturer and starting material manufacturer game in competition;
SS304: government supervises the act of unfair competition between the manufacturer;
SS305: sum up performance and the countermeasure of market failure in applied economics, and carry out the game analysis of strategies under the different race conditions;
The simulation process of described step 4) comprises:
SS401: statistical computation macroeconomy service data;
SS402: according to economic statistics index system and the monitoring of accounting rule and analysis macroeconomy;
SS403: the influence factor of analyzing CPI, GDP change;
SS404: the reason of analyzing the interest rate market fluctuation;
The simulation process of described step 5) comprises:
SS501: the macroeconomy operating analysis result who obtains according to step 4) judges that each year is in the characteristic feature of economic cycle;
SS502: the supply of government control soil, currency key element resource;
SS503: the consumer goods market aggregate demand changes with price and regulation and control;
SS504: analyzing total supply and aggregate demand change the influence to applied economics;
The simulation process of described step 6) comprises:
SS601: analyze the macroeconomy situation on the sand table card;
SS602: judge the problem that macroeconomy exists on the card;
SS603: the target of formulating macro adjustments and controls;
SS604: formulate financial and monetary policies;
SS605: implement regulation and control;
SS606: whether operation finishes back examination Policy Adjustment and makes it.
Production factors comprise raw material supply key element, labor supply key element, soil and factory building supply factors and loanable funds supply factors.
Further, raw material supply amount rises with the prices of raw and semifnished materials and presents the limit effect of successively decreasing; The labor supply amount presents Income Effect and substitution effect with wage.
Soil and factory building are supplied with as follows: initial year distributes according to the actual land demand of each manufacturer, takes auction system supply residue soil later on every year, and rent high person preferentially obtain.The line if the soil does not put into production then, government will confiscate idle land in 1 year, impose the cost of throwing a lease simultaneously.
The loanable funds quantity delivered increases with interest rate rising, and with last year CPI be inversely proportional to.Each company of initial year can not provide a loan, and annual just by the fund planning table proposition amount of the loan and the interest rate of manufacturer later on, the length of maturity is triennial, can not repay in advance.The high person of interest rate preferentially obtains loan, and the identical person of interest rate preferentially obtains loan by the high person of last annual net profit.
The technological transformation decision rule: initial year does not carry out the technological transformation decision-making, and the later time is carried out the technological transformation decision-making, and every production line drops into 300 ten thousand, can make next year improving productivity about 10%; Every production line drops into 500 ten thousand, can make next year improving productivity about 20%; Wall scroll production line labour drops into when being lower than 50 people, and technological transformation is invalid.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) on the basis of old enterprise's operation process simulation, enterprise and consumer and government are connected, the student is placed in one and is close in the economic both macro and micro environment that really is, in the face of tangible hand-government regulation, the influence in hidden hand-market, relevant economics phenomenon is shown intuitively by the deduction of chip on sand table, can strengthen the interest of student's study effectively, allow the student know from experience real-life enterprise, government, economic behaviour between the consumer, make the student more saturating to the economic theory knowledge understanding of learning, remember deeplyer, simultaneously the student also can know from experience and touch the economical operation rule of both macro and micro;
(2) whole sand table can be simulated microeconomy and macroeconomy operation process, can embody market structure, macro adjustments and controls, manufacturer's behavior, economic cycle and process of economic growth;
(3) can simulate the basic law of microeconomy operation, as the successively decrease substitution effect of effect, labor supply of the limit of production function; Can embody the factor supply in the economical operation, as soil, labour, money supply and technological transformation; There are different supply curves in each market for factors of production, and each produce market exists Different Market Structure and different demand curves;
(4) can simulate governmental duties in the macroeconomy, can add up CPI, the GDP data of each year as team of government, and judge currency inflation and economic cycle accordingly, and take to adjust money supply regulating economy operation, by finance buying automobile, automobile go to the countryside, mode such as household electrical appliances subsidy influences industry requirement;
(5) need not to install client, connect by LAN (Local Area Network) and can realize the sand table simulation, simple, convenient and practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is household appliances manufacturer's sand table, automobile vendor's sand table and iron and steel manufacturer sand table structural representation;
Fig. 2 is consumer's sand table and government's sand table structural representation;
Fig. 3 is for carrying out the preceding consumer goods manufacturer of soil and production line investment sand table synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is for carrying out soil and production line investment back consumer goods manufacturer sand table synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the preceding starting material manufacturer of the contact sand table synoptic diagram of commencing business;
Fig. 6 is the contact back consumer goods manufacturer sand table synoptic diagram of commencing business;
Fig. 7 produces preceding consumer goods manufacturer sand table synoptic diagram for carrying out the consumer goods;
Fig. 8 for carry out after the consumer goods production and carry out the consumer goods manage before consumer goods manufacturer sand table synoptic diagram;
Fig. 9 is for carrying out consumer goods manufacturer sand table synoptic diagram after the consumer goods operation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following stated.
The simulation sand table of simulation economical operation is used for simulation microeconomy operation and marcoeconomic regulation and control, and it comprises sand table template and the sand table electronic analysis software systems that link to each other by communication interface with the sand table template, and communication interface comprises serial ports, parallel port or USB interface.
Described sand table electronic analysis software systems are made up of student module and teaching module:
Student module comprises cash management submodule, raw material and factor supply submodule, market demand competitive bidding submodule, production/payment/technological transformation submodule, government regulation submodule, profit inquiry submodule and balance sheet inquiry submodule; The cash management submodule finishes that the annual cost hurdle empties, fund planning, be in debt professionally upgrade, assets operation upgrades; Raw material and factor supply submodule finish that the purchasing of raw materials, raw material are resell, land lease and production line dealing, competitive bidding labour; Market demand competitive bidding submodule is finished the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer, loan; Production/payment/technological transformation submodule is finished production, payment, technological transformation; The government regulation submodule is finished government regulation, inner management business, payment of duty, cash and is made an inventory; Profit inquiry submodule is filled and presented profit and loss statement according to 1 year management state, comprising sales revenue, gross profit, operation profit, total profit, pure profit.
Teaching module comprises teaching management and scoring submodule, macroeconomy target/measure submodule, macroeconomy data statistics submodule and each company's performance inquiry submodule; Teaching management is finished Team Management, member's scoring, team's score with the scoring submodule; Macroeconomy target/measure submodule is finished the setting of macroeconomy target and the enforcement of concrete measure; Macroeconomy data statistics submodule be used for organizing consumer goods manufacturer carry out the order competitive bidding, organize each company provide a loan competitive bidding, organize consumer goods manufacturer buying starting material, organizer material manufacturer buying raw material, organize each company's competitive bidding soil factory building rent, organize each company to buy production line, organize each competitive bidding labour of company, organize each company to produce and delivery, verify government and whether reach economic aim; Each company's performance inquiry submodule is for the operation performance of checking each company.
Described sand table template by the consumer's sand table that represents consumer among the participant in the market, represent manufacturer manufacturer's sand table, represent government government's sand table, be used for chip A, the chip B that is used for represent production line that the expression fund flows, be used for represent labour's chip C and form for representing raw-material chip D; Wherein, described manufacturer sand table comprises that at least one consumer goods manufacturer sand table that represents consumer goods market and at least one represent the starting material manufacturer sand table of raw material market.
As shown in Figure 1, consumer goods manufacturer sand table and starting material manufacturer sand table are worth district, cash district, financial transaction district, finished product district and finished product by operating area, expense district I, raw material to goods area, raw material and are worth district's composition; Described operating area is worth hurdle, soil and factory building lease hurdle, production line depreciation hurdle, investment in technological upgrading hurdle, personnel by production line and employs hurdle and production line hurdle to form; Described financial transaction district is by entrusting loaning bill hurdle, payment in advance hurdle, receivables hurdle, advance receipt hurdle, entrusted loan hurdle, payables hurdle and loan hurdle to form; Expense district I comprises that total wages payout column, managerial cost hurdle, the expense of throwing a lease hurdle, production line safeguard hurdle, tax hurdle, marketing cost hurdle and interest expense hurdle.The financial transaction district is by entrusting loaning bill hurdle, payment in advance hurdle, receivables hurdle, advance receipt hurdle, entrusted loan hurdle, payables hurdle and loan hurdle to form.
As shown in Figure 2, consumer's sand table and government's sand table are taken in district, fund supply total amount district, soil total supply district, delivery district and expense district II by government and consumer.Expense district II by loan expire hurdle, interest hurdle, advertising fee hurdle, rent of soil hurdle, wage overtime premium hurdle, value added tax hurdle, production line maintenance expense hurdle, income tax hurdle, overhead cost hurdle and in violation of rules and regulations the fine hurdle form.
The analogy method of the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation, it may further comprise the steps:
S1: the consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table, government's sand table, chip A, chip B, chip C and the chip D that are provided for simulating economical operation;
S2: according to Principles of Economics, utilize the deduction of chip in consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table and government's sand table simulation economical operation situation, it comprises following one or more non-succession steps:
(1) cash management, it comprises following substep:
S101: empty all expense hurdles last year: empty the chip A in all sand table expense hurdles;
S102: the professional renewal of being in debt may further comprise the steps:
S1021: all payables pay at maturity toward reach one lattice;
S1022: all bank loans expire and repay or the advanced redemption capital toward reach one lattice;
S1023: entrusted loan is toward reach one lattice, and Replacement of principal expires;
S1024: the annual interest of paying all items of being in debt;
S103: assets operation is upgraded, and may further comprise the steps:
S1031: the receivables of assets item is toward reach one lattice on the sand table template card, and the withdrawal capital expires;
S1032: enterprise regains entrusted loan;
(2) raw material and factor supply, it comprises following substep:
S201: the purchasing of raw materials may further comprise the steps:
S2011: the raw material of reservation puts in place, removes the payment in advance of card;
S2012: purchase with cash new raw material, cash payment;
S2013: the purchase on credit new raw material increases payables;
S2014: the next year raw material is subscribed in payment, the payment payment in advance;
S202: raw material is resell, and may further comprise the steps:
S2021: the raw material of reselling, receive cash;
S2022: the raw material of reselling, do not receive cash, receivables increases the amount of money;
S2023: the purchase cost that increases the raw material of reselling;
S203: land lease and production line dealing may further comprise the steps:
S2031: soil and factory building lease competitive bidding obtain the soil, the payment lease rent;
S2032: buy in production line, cash payment;
S2033: sell idle production line, receive cash;
S204: competitive bidding labour: redistribute number of workers, the production line production capacity is calculated in the competitive bidding again of labour's wage, payment labour's wage and overtime premium;
(3) market demand competitive bidding, it comprises following substep:
S301: the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer: consumer goods manufacturer carries out products quotation, and advertisement is submitted a tender and obtained order, props up to pay off advertising;
S302: loan may further comprise the steps:
S3021: the loan interest rate competitive bidding obtains bank loan;
S3022: handle entrusted loan between enterprise, obtain cash;
S3023: enterprise provides entrusted loan;
(4) production, payment, technological transformation, it comprises following substep:
S401: produce: drop into raw material, produce;
S402: pay, may further comprise the steps:
S4021: order delivery, collection of cash payment for goods are pressed by consumer goods manufacturer;
S4022: the cost of raw material of consumer goods manufacturer delivered product in the current year;
403: technological transformation: the investment technological transformation;
(5) government regulation, it comprises following substep:
S501: government regulation, confiscated soil payment or rent and the expense of throwing a lease;
S502: the inner management business may further comprise the steps:
S5021: payment management takes;
S5022: obtain the rewarding fund of the government cash;
S5023: payment government fine;
S5024: meter is proposed the production line depreciation;
S5025: payment production line maintenance expense;
S503: payment of duty may further comprise the steps:
S5031: pay value added tax by 17%;
S5032: pay income tax by 25%;
S504: cash is made an inventory: do form, close account, the end of term cash of making an inventory.
The simulation sand table of simulation economical operation is simulated following economics content by the deduction of chip on sand table:
1) the demand and supply theory of microeconomics and key element theory;
2) market structure of microeconomics and theory of the firm;
3) market failure in the economical operation and welfare economics principle;
4) national income theory of macroeconomics and money market general equilibrium theory;
5) economic cycle of macroeconomics and the theory of economic growth;
6) application principle of fiscal policy and monetary policy.
The simulation process of described step 1) comprises:
SS101: consumer goods manufacturer carries out soil and production line investment: as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, chip in the cash district of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to soil and factory building lease hurdle and production line is worth the hurdle, the chip B that represents production line is put into the production line hurdle of consumer goods manufacturer sand table;
SS102: consumer goods manufacturer carries out the order competitive bidding;
SS103: Fei Pin manufacturer and the starting material manufacturer contact of commencing business: as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the chip that the raw material of starting material manufacturer sand table is worth in the district is transferred to the raw material of consumer goods manufacturer sand table to goods area; And the chip in the consumer goods manufacturer sand table cash district is transferred in the cash district of starting material manufacturer sand table;
SS104: consumer goods manufacturer begins production and operating activities, comprises consumer goods production and consumption product operating procedure:
Consumer goods production stage: as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the raw material of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to its finished product district to the chip on the goods area;
Consumer goods operating procedure: as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, the chip in the finished product value district of consumer goods manufacturer sand table is transferred to its cash district;
SS105: carry out the analysis of Influential Factors of production factors Supply and Demand, the flexibility analysis of supply and demand, static state and the performance analysis of supply and demand equilibrium price;
Described step 2) simulation process comprises:
SS201: the consumer goods and raw-material Market Competition Structure are analyzed;
SS202: each consumer goods manufacturer operation of under different competitive markets, submitting a tender;
SS203: analyze income and cost under the Different Market Structure;
SS204: analyze market structure to the influence of investment and business decision;
SS205: analyze, sum up the business decision behavior in the different market environments;
The simulation process of described step 3) comprises:
SS301: implement the supervision to the capital market business;
SS302: implement the supervision to consumer goods market;
SS303: consumer goods manufacturer and starting material manufacturer game in competition;
SS304: government supervises the act of unfair competition between the manufacturer;
SS305: sum up performance and the countermeasure of market failure in applied economics, and carry out the game analysis of strategies under the different race conditions;
The simulation process of described step 4) comprises:
SS401: statistical computation macroeconomy service data;
SS402: according to economic statistics index system and the monitoring of accounting rule and analysis macroeconomy;
SS403: the influence factor of analyzing CPI, GDP change;
SS404: the reason of analyzing the interest rate market fluctuation;
The simulation process of described step 5) comprises:
SS501: the macroeconomy operating analysis result who obtains according to step 4) judges that each year is in the characteristic feature of economic cycle;
SS502: the supply of government control soil, currency key element resource;
SS503: the consumer goods market aggregate demand changes with price and regulation and control;
SS504: analyzing total supply and aggregate demand change the influence to applied economics;
The simulation process of described step 6) comprises:
SS601: analyze the macroeconomy situation on the sand table card;
SS602: judge the problem that macroeconomy exists on the card;
SS603: the target of formulating macro adjustments and controls;
SS604: formulate financial and monetary policies;
SS605: implement regulation and control;
SS606: whether operation finishes back examination Policy Adjustment and makes it.
Production factors comprise raw material supply key element, labor supply key element, soil and factory building supply factors and loanable funds supply factors.
The consumer goods manufacturer that represents the participant in the market is example with automobile vendor and household appliances manufacturer, and correspondingly, starting material manufacturer is example with iron and steel manufacturer.
Further, raw material supply amount rises with the prices of raw and semifnished materials and presents the limit effect of successively decreasing; The labor supply amount presents Income Effect and substitution effect with wage.
Soil and factory building are supplied with as follows: initial year distributes according to the actual land demand of each manufacturer, takes auction system supply residue soil later on every year, and rent high person preferentially obtain.The high person of rent preferentially takes ground, forbids land subleased between the company, the line if the soil does not put into production then, and government will confiscate idle land in 1 year, impose the cost of throwing a lease simultaneously.
The loanable funds quantity delivered increases with interest rate rising, and with last year CPI be inversely proportional to, interest rate must not submit a tender and is lower than 6%.Each company of initial year can not provide a loan, and annual just by the fund planning table proposition amount of the loan and the interest rate of manufacturer later on, the length of maturity is triennial, can not repay in advance.The high person of interest rate preferentially obtains loan, and the identical person of interest rate preferentially obtains loan by the high person of last annual net profit.
The technological transformation decision rule: initial year does not carry out the technological transformation decision-making, and the later time is carried out the technological transformation decision-making, and every production line drops into 300 ten thousand, can make next year improving productivity about 10%; Every production line drops into 500 ten thousand, can make next year improving productivity about 20%; Wall scroll production line labour drops into when being lower than 50 people, and technological transformation is invalid.
Each key element demand curve and government macro-control rule are as follows:
(1) household electrical appliances market of initial year is the perfect competition state, and the household electrical appliances price is 1.5 ten thousand yuan/platform, and each manufacturer's order is infinitely great (demand curve is horizontal line).Since 1 year, owing to have rigid demand on the market, this year, aggregate demand was not less than 1 year 70%.Wherein, 1,000,000,000 in the demand curve is outlet, and this formula means advertisement meeting guide consumption person's preference, thereby causes shift in demand curve.
(2) the initial year automobile market is the perfect competition state, and vehicle price is 150,000 yuan/, and each manufacturer's order is infinitely great (demand curve is horizontal line).Since 1 year, owing to have rigid demand on the market, this year, aggregate demand was not less than 1 year 70%.Wherein, 500,000,000 in the demand curve is government procurement.
(3) when GDP drops, government will take to reduce or remit multiple fisical policy pulling demands such as purchase tax, automobile are gone to the countryside, household electrical appliances old for new service, and this will cause the aggregate demand of automobile and household electrical appliances to rise, and when GDP goes up when surpassing 10%, government takes reverse operating.
Table 1 is demand and supply theory, the key element theoretical modeling project of microeconomics
Table 1
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) set up the central bank and the team of government that is made up of 6 people, 10 team of enterprise (every team forms by 4～6 people) are respectively motor corporation, iron company, household electrical appliances company;
(2) government and consumer team set up president of Central Bank, produce market supervision chief, chief statistician, consumer's representative, raw materials market supervision chief separately;
(3) rule is introduced, is opened ice and set sail;
(4) each motor corporation and household electrical appliances company carry out soil and production line investment, capital loan, production and operation;
(5) each company achievement of making an inventory.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
1) influences the factor analysis of production factors Supply and Demands such as soil;
2) the flexible analysis of land element and produce market;
3) static state and the performance analysis of land element and produce market equilibrium price.
Table 2 is market structure and the theory of the firm simulation project of microeconomics
Table 2
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) each year respectively in the soil, the commercial house, villa, steel, fund form different market structures;
(2) enterprise submits a tender under difference competition and the structure of cornering the market and manages;
(3) income and the cost under each annual analysis Different Market Structure of enterprise;
(4) analyze market structure to the influence of investment and business decision;
(5) the business decision behavior in the different market environments of summary.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
1) the economic characteristics analysis of four kinds of market structures;
2) the manufacturer's behaviour decision making under the Different Market Structure.
Table 3 is the market failure in the economical operation and welfare economics principle simulation project
Table 3
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) government need to announce the annual data (as product price, cash and the cash in banks total amount of each enterprise, provide a loan total amount, market share etc.) of each enterprise's submission;
(2) whether in violation of rules and regulations the fair marketing of establishment Supervision Bureau supervises the marketing behavior of each enterprise;
(3) every year, each automobile and household appliances manufacturer competed game in the market for factors of production;
(4) every year, iron and steel manufacturer and other enterprises competed game in produce market;
(5) government to judge according to supervision situation whether market occurs malfunctioning, and provide suggestion.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
1) performance of market failure and countermeasure in the applied economics;
2) the game analysis of strategies under the different race conditions.
Table 4 is national income theory and the money market general equilibrium theory simulation project of macroeconomics
Table 4
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) sets up statistics bureau, Monetary Policy Committee, each year statistical computation GDP, CPI, M1, economic targets such as M2, r;
(2) statistics bureau and Monetary Committee formulate above economic statistics index system and adjust rule;
(3) analyze relation between these indexs;
(4) analyze the influence factor of these indexs;
(5) reason of analysis interest rate market fluctuation.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
1) macroeconomy operating analysis report;
2) money market operating analysis report.
Table 5 is economic cycle and the theory of economic growth simulation project of macroeconomics
Table 5
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) judges that according to a last experimental result each year is in the characteristic feature of economic cycle;
(2) supply of key element resources such as government each year control soil, currency;
(3) each year automobile and the household electrical appliances market aggregate demand change with price and regulation and control;
(4) each group analysis aggregate supply and aggregate demand change the influence to applied economics.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
1) macroeconomy risk analysis reports;
2) aggregate supply and the applied analysis of aggregate demand model.
Table 6 is the application principle simulation project of fiscal policy and monetary policy
Table 6
Its simulated technological process is as follows:
(1) the macroeconomy situation of the present card of analysis;
(2) judge the problem that macroeconomy exists on the card;
(3) target of formulation macro adjustments and controls;
(4) formulate financial and monetary policies;
(5) implement the regulation and control instrument;
(6) whether the examination Policy Adjustment made it after each year operation finished.
The simulation achievement is as follows:
Government policy regulating effect assessment report.
Team of enterprise is responsible for investment and financing by the general manager (GM), and Director General Of Production is responsible for operation and record, and the Chief Financial Officer is responsible for form, and the Marketing Director is responsible for submitting a tender and advertising business, and the purchasing director is responsible for the purchasing of raw materials and negotiation, Director of Human Resources's recruitment and salary negotiation.
Government and consumer team set up president of Central Bank, household electrical appliances market supervision chief, automobile market supervision chief, raw materials market supervision chief, chief statistician, consumer's representative separately.
The main task of team of enterprise leads enterprise efficiently to manage steadily, evades business risk and trap.Automobile and household appliances manufacturer purchase starting material to iron and steel manufacturer, and influenced by government's financial policy and monetary policy regulation and control.Government draws CPI, PPI data according to the price amount of increase of produce market and raw materials market, judge currency inflation and economic cycle according to data such as GDP simultaneously, on this basis, government passes through to collect M1 and the M2 data of money market, and takes corresponding financial and monetary policies that economy is regulated and control.When automobile with household electric appliances are modulated when influencing, the degree of prosperity of steel industry will be influenced simultaneously.
Claims (4)
1. the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation is used for simulation microeconomy operation and marcoeconomic regulation and control, it is characterized in that: it comprises sand table template and the sand table electronic analysis software systems that link to each other by communication interface with the sand table template;
Described sand table electronic analysis software systems are made up of student module and teaching module, and student module comprises cash management submodule, raw material and factor supply submodule, market demand competitive bidding submodule, production/payment/technological transformation submodule, government regulation submodule, profit inquiry submodule and balance sheet inquiry submodule; The cash management submodule finishes that the annual cost hurdle empties, fund planning, be in debt professionally upgrade, assets operation upgrades; Raw material and factor supply submodule finish that the purchasing of raw materials, raw material are resell, land lease and production line dealing, competitive bidding labour; Market demand competitive bidding submodule is finished the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer, loan; Production/payment/technological transformation submodule is finished production, payment, technological transformation; The government regulation submodule is finished government regulation, inner management business, payment of duty, cash and is made an inventory;
Teaching module comprises teaching management and scoring submodule, macroeconomy target/measure submodule, macroeconomy data statistics submodule and each company's performance inquiry submodule; Teaching management is finished Team Management, member's scoring, team's score with the scoring submodule; Macroeconomy target/measure submodule is finished the setting of macroeconomy target and the enforcement of concrete measure; Macroeconomy data statistics submodule be used for organizing consumer goods manufacturer carry out the order competitive bidding, organize each company provide a loan competitive bidding, organize consumer goods manufacturer buying starting material, organizer material manufacturer buying raw material, organize each company's competitive bidding soil factory building rent, organize each company to buy production line, organize each competitive bidding labour of company, organize each company to produce and delivery, verify government and whether reach economic aim; Each company's performance inquiry submodule is for the operation performance of checking each company;
Described sand table template by the consumer's sand table that represents consumer among the participant in the market, represent manufacturer manufacturer's sand table, represent government government's sand table, be used for chip A, the chip B that is used for represent production line that the expression fund flows, be used for represent labour's chip C and form for representing raw-material chip D; Wherein, described manufacturer sand table comprises that at least one consumer goods manufacturer sand table that represents consumer goods market and at least one represent the starting material manufacturer sand table of raw material market;
Described consumer goods manufacturer's sand table and starting material manufacturer sand table are worth district, cash district, financial transaction district, finished product district and finished product by operating area, expense district I, raw material to goods area, raw material and are worth district's composition; Described operating area is worth hurdle, soil and factory building lease hurdle, production line depreciation hurdle, investment in technological upgrading hurdle, personnel by production line and employs hurdle and production line hurdle to form; Described financial transaction district is by entrusting loaning bill hurdle, payment in advance hurdle, receivables hurdle, advance receipt hurdle, entrusted loan hurdle, payables hurdle and loan hurdle to form;
Described consumer's sand table and government's sand table are taken in district, fund supply total amount district, soil total supply district, delivery district and expense district II by government and consumer;
Described expense district I comprises that total wages payout column, managerial cost hurdle, the expense of throwing a lease hurdle, production line safeguard hurdle, tax hurdle, marketing cost hurdle and interest expense hurdle;
Described expense district II by loan expire hurdle, interest hurdle, advertising fee hurdle, rent of soil hurdle, wage overtime premium hurdle, value added tax hurdle, production line maintenance expense hurdle, income tax hurdle, overhead cost hurdle and in violation of rules and regulations the fine hurdle form.
2. the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described communication interface comprises serial ports, parallel port or USB interface.
3. the simulation sand table of simulation economical operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described profit inquiry submodule is filled and presented profit and loss statement according to 1 year management state, comprising sales revenue, gross profit, operation profit, total profit, pure profit.
4. simulate the analogy method of the simulation sand table of economical operation, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
S1: the consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table, government's sand table, chip A, chip B, chip C and the chip D that are provided for simulating economical operation;
S2: according to Principles of Economics, utilize the deduction of chip in consumer's sand table, consumer goods manufacturer sand table, starting material manufacturer sand table and government's sand table simulation economical operation situation, it comprises following one or more non-succession steps:
(1) cash management, it comprises following substep:
S101: empty all expense hurdles last year: empty the chip A in all sand table expense hurdles;
S102: the professional renewal of being in debt may further comprise the steps:
S1021: all payables pay at maturity toward reach one lattice;
S1022: all bank loans expire and repay or the advanced redemption capital toward reach one lattice;
S1023: entrusted loan is toward reach one lattice, and Replacement of principal expires;
S1024: the annual interest of paying all items of being in debt;
S103: assets operation is upgraded, and may further comprise the steps:
S1031: the receivables of assets item is toward reach one lattice on the sand table template card, and the withdrawal capital expires;
S1032: enterprise regains entrusted loan;
(2) raw material and factor supply, it comprises following substep:
S201: the purchasing of raw materials may further comprise the steps:
S2011: the raw material of reservation puts in place, removes the payment in advance of card;
S2012: purchase with cash new raw material, cash payment;
S2013: the purchase on credit new raw material increases payables;
S2014: the next year raw material is subscribed in payment, the payment payment in advance;
S202: raw material is resell, and may further comprise the steps:
S2021: the raw material of reselling, receive cash;
S2022: the raw material of reselling, do not receive cash, receivables increases the amount of money;
S2023: the purchase cost that increases the raw material of reselling;
S203: land lease and production line dealing may further comprise the steps:
S2031: soil and factory building lease competitive bidding obtain the soil, the payment lease rent;
S2032: buy in production line, cash payment;
S2033: sell idle production line, receive cash;
S204: competitive bidding labour: redistribute number of workers, the production line production capacity is calculated in the competitive bidding again of labour's wage, payment labour's wage and overtime premium;
(3) market demand competitive bidding, it comprises following substep:
S301: the market competitive bidding of consumer goods manufacturer: consumer goods manufacturer carries out products quotation, and advertisement is submitted a tender and obtained order, props up to pay off advertising;
S302: loan may further comprise the steps:
S3021: the loan interest rate competitive bidding obtains bank loan;
S3022: handle entrusted loan between enterprise, obtain cash;
S3023: enterprise provides entrusted loan;
(4) production, payment, technological transformation, it comprises following substep:
S401: produce: drop into raw material, produce;
S402: pay, may further comprise the steps:
S4021: order delivery, collection of cash payment for goods are pressed by consumer goods manufacturer;
S4022: the cost of raw material of consumer goods manufacturer delivered product in the current year;
403: technological transformation: the investment technological transformation;
(5) government regulation, it comprises following substep:
S501: government regulation, confiscated soil payment or rent and the expense of throwing a lease;
S502: the inner management business may further comprise the steps:
S5021: payment management takes;
S5022: obtain the rewarding fund of the government cash;
S5023: payment government fine;
S5024: meter is proposed the production line depreciation;
S5025: payment production line maintenance expense;
S503: payment of duty may further comprise the steps:
S5031: pay value added tax by 17%;
S5032: pay income tax by 25%;
S504: cash is made an inventory: do form, close account, the end of term cash of making an inventory.
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| CN106781977A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 浪潮通用软件有限公司 | Financial Shared Service Center process of construction simulates sand table and analogy method |
| CN107545801A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 北京物资学院 | A kind of enterprise operation electronic sand table and its application |
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