CN103199190A - Orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of civil engineering structure, preparation method thereof and application thereof - Google Patents
Orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of civil engineering structure, preparation method thereof and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of a civil engineering structure. The orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of the civil engineering structure comprises an orthotropic piezoelectric composite material component, a matching layer, a back-lining layer and a wire, wherein the lower surface of the orthotropic piezoelectric composite material component is connected with the matching layer, other surfaces of the orthotropic piezoelectric composite material component are connected with the back-lining layer, the surface of the matching layer and the surface of the back-lining layer are respectively provided with a shielding layer in a coating mode, and the wire is respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the orthotropic piezoelectric composite material component. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of the civil engineering structure, and application of the orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of the civil engineering structure. The orthotropic piezoelectric sensor for monitoring/detection of the civil engineering structure has the advantages of being obvious in orthotropic characteristic, good in sensitivity, wide in response frequency band, good in disturbance-resisting capacity, capable of having different response characteristics aiming at different directions, and capable of effectively restraining reception of sidewise interference signals, and improving a signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer with orthotropic characteristic and highly sensitive and bandwidth and its preparation method and application, particularly a kind of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer that is applicable to civil engineering works structure health monitoring and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
At present, in the civil engineering work field, utilize intellectual material to some great civil engineering works implement healthy prison detect and the research of forecast more and more widely.Yet, the intellectual material that field of civil engineering is used such as memorial alloy, foil gauge, carbon fiber, piezoelectric ceramic etc., the general ability that does not possess mensuration specific direction stress and stress wave, can not differentiate the damage signal problem of different directions, can't the source of damage of xoncrete structure be positioned, thereby hindered the intelligent development of civil engineering structure.
Though the cement base piezoelectric transducer of development has overcome some shortcomings of traditional sensors at present, has good compatibility with xoncrete structure, and it is highly sensitive, good endurance, be very suitable for monitoring situations such as concrete damage, distortion, internal stress and Strain Distribution, but it does not still have the characteristics of orthotropic, can not effectively supervise/detect the damage signal of specific direction.The applicant is by the compound assembling form of improvement construction unit and the symmetry of spatial distribution, be optimized design by the structure orientation to piezoelectric phase in the piezo-electricity composite material, prepare the 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material with good orthotropic characteristic and (applied for patent of invention on September 28th, 2011, application number is: 201110298753.1, denomination of invention is " 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material and its preparation method and application ", open day is on June 20th, 2012, publication number is CN 102509766 A), but the research of at present relevant orthotropic cement base piezoelectric transducer does not appear in the newspapers as yet.Usually, the quality of sensor performance is relevant with its preparation technology, matching layer, back sheet and screen etc., therefore, characteristics at civil engineering structure, optimize the parameter of preparation transducer, development is suitable for the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of civil engineering structure prison/detect, and improves the positioning accuracy of its structural damage, and the health monitoring of great civil engineering structure is had important engineering application value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to employed intellectual material in the present field of civil engineering and generally do not possess the problem of the ability of measuring specific direction stress and stress wave, a kind of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer is provided, this transducer have the orthotropic characteristic obviously, good with the concrete compatibility, antijamming capability is strong, highly sensitive, characteristics such as response band is wide, is used for monitoring or the detection of civil engineering structure.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of this transducer, and this method step is simple, easy operating.
The present invention also provides the application of this transducer in field of civil engineering, because transducer has orthotropic, so can have different response characteristics at the stress wave of different directions, can effectively suppress the side direction interference signal receives, improve signal to noise ratio, prison/detection sensitivity is higher, response band is wideer.
A kind of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, it is characterized in that: comprise orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element, matching layer, back sheet and lead, the lower surface of described piezo-electricity composite material element links to each other with matching layer, other faces of piezo-electricity composite material element link to each other with back sheet, the surface of matching layer and back sheet scribbles screen, and lead links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of piezo-electricity composite material element respectively.
The used orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element of the present invention (being called for short the orthotropic piezoelectric element) be the inventor research and develop voluntarily be 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material or 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material, its primary raw material is cement and the piezoelectric ceramic of cement or polymer modification.Piezo-electricity composite material is made with the method that arrangement-cast combines by cutting-cast.The polarised direction of the piezoelectric ceramic post in the piezo-electricity composite material is parallel with the x direction of principal axis, conducting resinl wherein forms interdigital electrode configuration in the inside of composite material, Electric Field Distribution and the vibration coupled mode of traditional cement base piezoelectric composite material inside have been changed, thereby make the piezo-electricity composite material of preparation have orthotropic, can suppress generation and the reception of side direction interference signal effectively, improve signal to noise ratio, and then differentiation positions and identifies source of damage from the damage signal of different directions.The 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material that the inventor researches and develops has voluntarily been applied for patent of invention on September 28th, 2011, application number is: 201110298753.1, denomination of invention is " 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material and its preparation method and application ", open day is on June 20th, 2012, and publication number is CN 102509766 A.1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material in this patent has orthotropic, and piezo-electricity composite material comprises cement, piezoelectric ceramic and conducting resinl, and wherein, the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramic is 30-70%.Wherein adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics block polarised directions are opposite, it is middle and peripheral that conducting resinl is filled in piezoelectric ceramics block, cement and conducting resinl are divided into the piezoelectric ceramic post with piezoelectric ceramic, cement is filled along the direction identical with the piezoelectric ceramic polarised direction, conducting resinl is filled along the direction vertical with the piezoelectric ceramic polarised direction at the piezoelectric ceramic interblock, conducting resinl is interdigital electrode configuration in piezo-electricity composite material, the distance between two piezoelectric ceramics blocks is 0.35mm～3mm.Described piezoelectric ceramic comprises niobium lithium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics, magnesium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics, lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics etc., and described cement comprises sulphate aluminium cement, portland cement, aluminate cement, ferrous aluminate cement etc.
Bond strength for refinforced cement and piezoelectric ceramic, further improve pliability and the overall performance of cement base piezoelectric composite material, in CN 102509766 A on the basis of disclosed 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material, by cement being carried out modification or utilizing polymer that cement is carried out modification, piezoelectric ceramic is filled as matrix with polymer/cement, improved bond strength between matrix and the potsherd and the overall performance of orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material, thereby made the transducer of making have more stable performance.Described 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material is except carrying out cement the modification with polymer, and other structure waits all consistent with disclosed 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material among CN 102509766 A with preparation method.During modification, the mass ratio of polymer and cement is 0.15 ~ 0.7:1, preferred 0.3 ~ 0.6:1, used polymer is epoxy resin or silicon rubber, described epoxy resin comprises AB-grouting resin, E-55 epoxy resin, 731 epoxy resin, AG80 epoxy resin, W95 epoxy resin etc., and described silicon rubber comprises RTV silicon rubber, TG-8402 silicon rubber, methyl ethylene 110-2 silicon rubber etc.
For sensitivity and the bandwidth that improves and improve orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention, this patent has been analyzed the acoustic impedance relation between matching layer and orthotropic piezoelectric sensor theoretically, and with cement-epoxy resin-tungsten powder mixture as matching layer.Show by the Effect on Performance such as orthotropic, sensitivity and bandwidth of research matching layer to the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer: matching layer material of the present invention can improve orthotropic, sensitivity and the bandwidth of piezoelectric transducer to a certain extent.Described matching layer is preferably the mixture of cement, epoxy resin and tungsten powder that mass ratio is 3:3:1 ~ 1:1:8, described epoxy resin comprises AB-grouting resin, E-55 epoxy resin, 731 epoxy resin, AG80 epoxy resin, W95 epoxy resin etc., and described cement comprises sulphate aluminium cement, portland cement, aluminate cement and ferrous aluminate cement etc.
Back sheet of the present invention is made up of the mixture of cement and epoxy resin; the strength of materials height of back sheet, good insulating; not only effectively improved the acoustic impedance compatibility between piezoelectric transducer and the concrete, but also the orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material has been played the effect of protection, support and encapsulation.It is the polymer of 0.15 ~ 0.7:1 and the mixture of cement that described back sheet is preferably mass ratio, most preferably being mass ratio is the polymer of 0.3 ~ 0.6:1 and the mixture of cement, described epoxy resin comprises AB-grouting resin, E-55 epoxy resin, 731 epoxy resin, AG80 epoxy resin, W95 epoxy resin etc., and described cement comprises sulphate aluminium cement, portland cement, aluminate cement and ferrous aluminate cement etc.
The present invention scribbles one deck at sensor surface and is mixed with the cementitious coating of shielding material as screen, described electromagnetic shielding material can have been bought in market, the electromagnetic shielding material that preferably contains one or more compositions in graphite, ferrite, copper, silver and the carbon fiber, electromagnetic shielding material can make transducer shielding noise signal better, has higher signal to noise ratio.
The lead of transducer of the present invention is preferably the good copper core shielding conductor of shielding action, and described lead links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of orthotropic piezoelectric element respectively.
The preparation method of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) both positive and negative polarity with the orthotropic piezoelectric element is connected with lead;
(2) epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed, add cement again and mix, add tungsten powder at last, mix, it is cast in mold bottom, put into piezoelectric element then, get matching layer after the curing;
(3) earlier epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed, add cement then and mix, then mixture is poured in the mould, make back sheet;
(4) treat that back sheet solidifies after, form removal is coated with cementitious coating that last layer is mixed with shielding material as screen on the sample sensor surface, namely make orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.
Transducer of the present invention can be used for the health prison/detection of civil engineering structure, the steps include: orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention is imbedded xoncrete structure inside or is pasted on concrete structural surface, and the health status of xoncrete structure is supervised/detected.
The invention provides a kind of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer that is applicable to the healthy prison/detection of civil engineering structure; its piezoelectric element has good orthotropic characteristic; matching layer can improve sensitivity and the bandwidth of transducer; back sheet insulative water-proof, intensity height; not only effectively improved the compatibility between piezoelectric transducer and the concrete; the effect that the orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material is played protection, supports again, screen can further shield external interference, improves signal to noise ratio.Transducer preparation of the present invention is simple, rational in infrastructure, easy to use; Has tangible orthotropic characteristic; Antijamming capability is strong, can effectively reduce environmental noise to the interference of useful signal; Highly sensitive and bandwidth; Good with the concrete compatibility, when prison/detection xoncrete structure health status, both can imbed inside concrete, can be affixed on concrete structural surface in addition again, can show different response characteristics at the stress wave of different directions, thereby differentiate the damage signal of different directions, its research and development has great importance to the health prison/detection of civil engineering structure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 orthotropic piezoelectric transducer schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 orthotropic characteristic test experimental program;
The signal amplitude that Fig. 3 orthotropic piezoelectric transducer receives at orthogonal direction;
The plane response experimental program of Fig. 4 orthotropic piezoelectric transducer;
The signal amplitude that three kinds of piezoelectric transducers of Fig. 5 planar receive;
The spectrogram of Fig. 6 orthotropic piezoelectric transducer on 0 ° of direction;
The spectrogram of Fig. 7 orthotropic piezoelectric transducer on 90 ° of directions.
Among the figure, 1, orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element, 2, matching layer, 3, back sheet, 4, screen, 5, lead, 6, joint, 7, measured piece, 8, the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below by specific embodiment, should be understood that, following explanation only is in order to explain the present invention, its content not to be limited.
Embodiment 1
Manufacturing process of the present invention is divided into following components: the preparation of (one) 1-3 type orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material; (2) preparation of matching layer; (3) preparation of back sheet (also can be referred to as encapsulation); (4) shielding processing.
(1) preparation of 1-3 type orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material
Adopt cutting-cast and arrange-pour into a mould the method that combines and prepare 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material or 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material, be piezoelectric phase with the PZT-5 piezoelectric ceramic, epoxy resin (AB-be in the milk resin) and cement (sulphate aluminium cement) mixture or be matrix with cement (sulphate aluminium cement), utilize conducting resinl at the inner interdigitation electrode that forms of piezo-electricity composite material, constitute interdigital structure.The structural parameters of gained piezo-electricity composite material and component parameter are: the piezoelectric ceramic volume fraction is 50%, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.5:1, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) ratio of determining epoxy resin and cement is that 0.5:1, piezoelectric ceramic volume fraction are 50%, the length-width ratio of piezoelectric ceramic post is 3:1;
(2) adopt cutting machine on the piezoelectric ceramic that has designed, to cut along polarised direction, and keep base;
(3) be fixed in the mould after the pottery after will cutting cleans, epoxy resin and cement are mixed according to the ratio of 0.5:1, be poured in the mould after fully stirring, and it is constantly vibrated and vacuum treatment;
(4) with cutting machine sample is carried out secondary cut, cut direction cuts out the array block of required size with cut direction is vertical for the first time;
(5) array that cuts is arranged, made its polarised direction be parallel to the x direction, and make the polarised direction between adjacent two opposite;
(6) the cast conducting resinl makes it to form interdigital electrode configuration;
(7) be cured and carry out sanding and polishing, namely get 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material.
Orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element (is called for short orthotropic piezoelectric element or piezoelectric element, be connected with lead down together), the both positive and negative polarity of piezoelectric element is connected with lead respectively, and from lead that orthotropic piezoelectric element negative pole links to each other draw a part of lead, as shielding conductor, the other end jointing of lead.
(2) preparation of matching layer
It is matching layer that the present invention adopts the mixture of epoxy resin, cement and tungsten powder.Its concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) ratio of determining epoxy resin and curing agent is 4:1, stirs;
(2) cement (ratio of cement and epoxy resin is 1:1) is joined in the mixture in (1), fully stir;
(3) mix after, put into vacuum drying chamber and carry out vacuum treatment, to there not being bubble;
(4) add a certain amount of tungsten powder (mass ratio of tungsten powder and cement is 8:1) in the mixture that in (3), obtains, mix, after thing to be mixed loses flowability it is cast in mold bottom, puts into piezoelectric element then, obtain the matching layer of transducer after the curing.
(3) preparation of back sheet (encapsulation)
The present invention adopts the mixture of epoxy resin and cement as back lining materials.Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) with epoxy resin and curing agent according to the ratio of 4:1, stir;
(2) cement (ratio of cement and epoxy resin is 1:1) is joined in the mixture in (1), fully stir;
(3) mixture that (2) are obtained is put into vacuum drying chamber and is carried out vacuum treatment, produces to there being bubble;
(4) mixture that (3) are obtained is poured in the mould that places piezoelectric element;
(5) treat after the back lining materials curing form removal.
(4) shielding processing
Be coated with cementitious coating that one deck is mixed with shielding material (graphite, carbon fiber, ferrite, copper and silver) on the surface of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer sample as screen, get orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.
The piezoelectric transducer excellent performance that above-described embodiment 1 makes is tested performances such as its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth below by experiment.
Experiment 1
The orthotropic piezoelectric transducer for preparing is sticked on the surface of measured piece, be 30 ° with HB pencil, angle and fracture and do the simulated sound emission source, adopt the acoustic emission equipment of U.S. physical acoustics company to carry out the acoustic emission signal test.
, the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer the orthotropic characteristic
The orthotropic characteristic is an a kind of exclusive specific character of 1-3 type orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material, and according to experimental program shown in Figure 2, the present invention carries out the orthotropic characteristic test of piezoelectric transducer.At distance piezoelectric transducer geometric center 60mm place two kinds of piezoelectric transducers are carried out the orthotropic characteristic test respectively, test angle is 0 ° and 90 °.
Figure 3 shows that the signal response situation of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer on orthogonal direction.As seen from the figure, the signal amplitude that the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer receives in 0 ° of direction is 0.1434V, and the signal amplitude that receives in 90 ° of directions is 0.0524V, almost becomes 2 times relation.This explanation orthotropic piezoelectric transducer shows tangible orthotropic characteristic at orthogonal direction.
, the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer sensitivity
The present invention utilizes the mode of fracture pencil-lead to obtain pumping signal at beams of concrete, is being the center of circle with the sensing element geometric center, and 60 mm are on the circle of radius, and every 22.5 ° of measurements once, experimental program as shown in Figure 4.In order to verify the orthotropic characteristic of piezo-electricity composite material, itself and pure piezoelectric ceramic sensing element and 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material sensing element are done the contrast experiment.
Shown in Figure 5 is three kinds of signal amplitudes that piezoelectric transducer planar receives.As can be seen from Figure, the signal strength signal intensity amplitude that piezoelectric ceramic and 1-3 type cement-base composite material sensing element receive in 0 ° ~ 360 ° directions does not have too big variation substantially, demonstrates isotropic characteristics.And 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric sensing element is along with the variation of test angle, by laterally increasing gradually to the sensitivity that receives signal longitudinally.The signal strength signal intensity amplitude difference that receives in 0 ° ~ 360 ° directions is obvious, especially signal strength signal intensity amplitude that 0 °, 180 ° and 360 ° of directions receive obviously greater than 90 ° with 270 ° of directions on the signal strength signal intensity amplitude, this shows that 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material has good orthotropic characteristic.On 0 ° ~ 360 ° directions, the signal peak that 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric transducer receives all is higher than pure pottery and 1-3 type cement base piezoelectric composite material transducer basically, especially on 0 ° and 180 ° of directions, this explanation orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material has higher sensitivity.
, the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer bandwidth
The spectrogram that the Mintrop wave impulse wave that the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer is received 0 ° and 90 ° of directions changes to obtain through Fourier respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.As seen from the figure, the operating frequency range of orthotropic piezoelectric transducer is 15 ~ 440kHz, and low frequency performance is good, is highly suitable for the health monitoring of xoncrete structure.
Embodiment 2
1, the preparation for preparing 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material according to the method for embodiment 1;
2,The orthotropic piezoelectric element is connected with lead, and the both positive and negative polarity of piezoelectric element is connected with lead respectively, and from lead that orthotropic piezoelectric element negative pole links to each other draw a part of lead, as shielding conductor;
3, the method according to embodiment 1 prepares matching layer, and different is: the mass ratio of cement, epoxy resin and tungsten powder is 3:3:1, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1;
4, according to embodiment 1 method prepare back sheet.
5, according to embodiment 1 method prepare screen.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 3
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is, when the preparation matching layer, the mass ratio of cement, epoxy resin and tungsten powder is 1:1:3, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 4
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is, when the preparation matching layer, the mass ratio of cement, epoxy resin and tungsten powder is 1:1:5, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 5
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material and back sheet, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.15:1, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 6
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material and back sheet, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.3:1, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 7
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material and back sheet, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.6:1, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material and back sheet, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.7:1, and the mass ratio of curing agent and epoxy resin is 4:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and the transducer of its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 9
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material, the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramic is 30%.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth etc. performance is lower than the transducer of embodiment 1.
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is, when preparation 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material, the volume fraction of piezoelectric ceramic is 70%.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and performances such as its orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth are better than the transducer of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is that used piezoelectric ceramic is respectively niobium lithium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics, magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic.
Because of used piezoelectric ceramic difference, the transducer of performance parameter such as the sensitivity of gained transducer, bandwidth and embodiment 1 has certain difference, but the orthotropic characteristic of transducer is all fine.
Embodiment 12
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is that used epoxy resin is respectively E-55 epoxy resin, 731 epoxy resin, AG80 epoxy resin, W95 epoxy resin in piezoelectric element, matching layer and the back sheet.
Mobile not as AB-grouting resin because of these four kinds of epoxy resin, so operability is lower than embodiment 1 in the preparation, the transducer of the performance of gained transducer and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 13
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is that used cement is respectively barium-bearing calcium sulfo-aluminate cement, portland cement, aluminate cement, portland cement, aluminate cement and fluoroaluminate cement in piezoelectric element, matching layer and the back sheet.
Because the cement specificity has certain difference, the gained sensor performance has certain difference, but performances such as transducer orthotropic characteristic, sensitivity, bandwidth are all excellent.
Embodiment 14
Method according to embodiment 1 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, different is, used piezo-electricity composite material is 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material, being piezoelectric phase with the PZT-5 piezoelectric ceramic, is matrix with the sulphate aluminium cement, utilizes conducting resinl at the inner interdigitation electrode that forms of piezo-electricity composite material, constitute interdigital structure, the piezoelectric ceramic volume fraction is 50%, and the mass ratio of epoxy resin and cement is 0.5:1, and the length-width ratio of piezoelectric ceramic post is 3:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test, and its sensitivity can reach 85dB, is better than the transducer of embodiment 1, and the transducer of performance such as its orthotropic characteristic and bandwidth and embodiment 1 is close.
Embodiment 15
Method according to embodiment 14 prepares the orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, and different is that the length-width ratio of piezoelectric ceramic post is 1:1.
The gained transducer is carried out performance test respectively, and its orthotropic characteristic and sensitivity are lower than embodiment 14, but the transducer of its bandwidth performance and embodiment 14 is close.
Claims (9)
1. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer, it is characterized in that: comprise orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element, matching layer, back sheet and lead, the lower surface of described orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element links to each other with matching layer, other faces of orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element link to each other with back sheet, the surface of matching layer and back sheet scribbles screen, and lead links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element respectively.
2. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element is 1-3 type orthotropic polymer/cement base piezoelectric composite material or 1-3 type orthotropic cement base piezoelectric composite material, and the mass ratio of described polymer and cement is 0.15 ~ 0.7:1.
3. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matching layer is the mixture of cement, epoxy resin and tungsten powder; Described back sheet is the mixture of cement and epoxy resin.
4. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described matching layer is that mass ratio is the mixture of cement, epoxy resin and the tungsten powder of 3:3:1 ~ 1:1:8; Described back sheet is that mass ratio is the epoxy resin of 0.15 ~ 0.7:1 and the mixture of cement.
5. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described screen material is the cementitious coating that one deck is mixed with shielding material.
6. orthotropic piezoelectric transducer according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described shielding material is one or more in graphite, carbon fiber, ferrite, copper and the silver.
7. according to claim 2 or 3 described orthotropic piezoelectric transducers, it is characterized in that: described epoxy resin is AB-grouting resin, E-55 epoxy resin, 731 epoxy resin, AG80 epoxy resin, W95 epoxy resin etc.; Cement is sulphate aluminium cement, barium-bearing calcium sulfo-aluminate cement, portland cement, aluminate cement, portland cement, aluminate cement and fluoroaluminate cement; Piezoelectric ceramic in the described orthotropic piezo-electricity composite material element is niobium lithium lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics, magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic or lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics.
8. the preparation method of each described orthotropic piezoelectric transducer among the claim 1-6 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) both positive and negative polarity with the orthotropic piezoelectric element is connected with lead;
(2) epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed, add cement again and mix, add tungsten powder at last, mix, it is cast in mold bottom, put into piezoelectric element then, get matching layer after the curing;
(3) earlier epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed, add cement then and mix, then mixture is poured in the mould, make back sheet;
(4) treat that back sheet solidifies after, form removal is coated with cementitious coating that last layer is mixed with shielding material as screen on the sample sensor surface, namely make orthotropic piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.
9. the health detecting method of an xoncrete structure, it is characterized in that: each described orthotropic piezoelectric transducer among the claim 1-6 is pasted on concrete structural surface or imbeds xoncrete structure inside, the health status of xoncrete structure is detected.
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| CN108981896A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 清诚声发射研究（广州）有限公司 | A kind of acoustic emission sensor |
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| CN112557516A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-26 | 济南大学 | Bismuth scandate-lead titanate-bismuth ferrite ternary system piezoelectric ceramic and acoustic emission sensor thereof |
| CN114397369A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 临沂大学 | A can bury multidimensional acoustic emission sensor for concrete damage monitoring |
| CN117347436A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-05 | 湖南科技大学 | CNS cement-based piezoelectric polarization sensor and method of use thereof |
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| CN107706298A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-16 | 武汉大学 | Shear stress sensor and preparation method based on 13 type cement base piezoelectric composite materials |
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