CN103197114A - Novel reflection type reciprocity optical voltage mutual inductor and optical path design method thereof - Google Patents
Novel reflection type reciprocity optical voltage mutual inductor and optical path design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel reflection type reciprocity optical voltage mutual inductor based on the Pockels effect and an optical path design method of the reflection type reciprocity optical voltage mutual inductor, and belongs to the technical field of optical voltage mutual inductors. Optical path reciprocity between a polarized light generation module and an optical rotation module is formed through the optical rotation action of the optical rotation module on two orthogonal line polarized lights which pass the optical rotation module for twice in a positive-and-negative mode, and immunity for interference of popularization-maintaining delaying optical cable surrounding environment is strengthened. The two orthogonal line polarized lights are interchanged in mode through a half wave plate, optical path reciprocity of a sensing module is achieved, additional double-refraction error due to electro-optical crystal individual defects and factors such as temperature change and stress change is eliminated, and a reciprocity matched reflector of a sensing module optical path enables a linear electro-optical delay phase introduced by voltage to be tested to be double. According to the novel reflection type reciprocity optical voltage mutual inductor based on the Pockels effect, environment interference resistant capacity and environment adaptive capacity are improved and measuring accuracy and stability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical voltage transformer technical field, relate to novel reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect and reflective reciprocity light path design method.
Background technology
Along with electric system develops towards directions such as high voltage, big electric capacity, digitizings, higher performance requirement has been proposed in the power measurement system.As voltage measuring apparatus, traditional voltage transformer (VT) is because of its intrinsic defective incompatibility power system development more and more, thereby promoted appearance and the development of optical voltage transformer.Optical voltage transformer is the voltage measuring apparatus with the variation sensing information of voltage to be measured of light signal.Optical voltage transformer is little with its volume, good insulating, safe and reliable, be convenient to series of advantages such as digitizing is integrated and obtained research and develop rapidly widely.At present, the light channel structure of each research unit's proposition all inevitably exists the light path error both at home and abroad, and the best light path design proposal that temporary transient nothing is generally acknowledged occurs.
Optics mutual inductor product is difficult to realize stability preferably so far under full temperature environment, measuring accuracy is difficult to satisfy the requirement of IEC0.2 level.Optical voltage transformer is as high voltage one-shot measurement equipment, and working environment is abominable unavoidably, thereby needs stronger antijamming capability and adaptive capacity to environment.Reliably, stable be basic demand to the power measurement system, ought to possess higher operation stability as the optical voltage transformer of high voltage measuring visual plant.So, be the important step that realizes the optical voltage transformer practicalization for the research that improves optical voltage transformer measuring accuracy, operation stability, antijamming capability and adaptive capacity to environment.
Optical voltage transformer design based on the Pockels effect is the main flow scheme of present optical voltage transformer design.The patent No. is that a piece of ZL200810238946.6 is called in the patent of " optical voltage transformer ", has introduced a kind of light channel structure preferably, as shown in Figure 1.Described optical voltage transformer light channel structure comprises light source, coupling mechanism, the polarizer, phase-modulator, collimation lens, faraday rotation mirror and electro-optic crystal, also comprise the photodetector and the signal processing module that are connected on the loop between coupling mechanism and the phase-modulator, wherein is connected by protecting the off-delay optical cable between phase-modulator and the collimation lens, signal processing module is used for that optical path signal is handled, feedback and exporting.
For above-mentioned optical voltage transformer, whole optical path belongs to accurate reciprocal structure.Sensing head as the sensing unit is nonreciprocal part in the light path, thereby the additional birefringence error that factors such as the crystal self-defect that produces of electro-optic crystal manufacturing process and temperature, STRESS VARIATION are introduced is the key factor that causes mutual inductor measuring accuracy of measurement, stability and adaptive capacity to environment difference.In addition, above-mentioned additional birefringence error extremely difficulty accomplishes accurately to measure and accurately quantize, and carries out software compensation thereby its influence that causes is difficult to obtain clear and definite numerical expression by theoretical analysis.
Therefore, optimize optical voltage transformer light path design scheme, realize the raising of optical voltage transformer measuring accuracy, stability, adaptive capacity to environment and antijamming capability, to promote the practicalization of optical voltage transformer, have great researching value and far-reaching Research Significance.
Summary of the invention
For eliminating in the accurate reciprocity light path scheme the additional birefringence error of introducing because of factors such as the defective of electro-optic crystal own and temperature, STRESS VARIATION, improve measuring accuracy, stability, adaptive capacity to environment and the antijamming capability of optical voltage transformer, the present invention proposes the reflective reciprocity light path design method of a kind of novel optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect.Described method is as follows:
Pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light by the output of polarized light generation module is sent to the optically-active module through protecting the off-delay optical cable, the optically-active module is rotated and sends it to sensing module to described pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light plane of polarization, polarized light behind the linear electrooptic phase retardation that acquisition voltage to be measured is introduced in sensing module is reflected, again successively by sensing module, optically-active module and polarized light generation module, finally interfere, obtain information of voltage to be measured.
The effect of described polarized light generation module is the orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light E that produces two homenergics
xAnd E
y
The effect of described optically-active module is by the rotation to the polarized light plane of polarization, make the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light positive and negative twice when protecting the off-delay optical cable polarization mode exchange, namely suppose polarized light forward E when protecting the off-delay optical cable
xAlong quick shaft direction vibration, E
yAlong slow-axis direction vibration, oppositely by the time become E
xAlong slow-axis direction vibration, E
yVibrate along quick shaft direction.Thereby when making polarized light in protecting the off-delay optical cable, propagate the interference in the environment had immunity.
Described sensing module is made up of identical electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B and half-wave plate, half-wave plate is positioned at electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B is middle and at 45 to axle perpendicular to the refractive index main shaft of inducting on plane, the polarized light direction of propagation with two electro-optic crystals, its effect is that pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light modes swap is wherein passed through in order, be along X(Y among the electro-optic crystal A) light of shaft vibration in electro-optic crystal B along Y(X) shaft vibration, thereby light path reciprocity in the realization sensing module, eliminate additional birefringence error in the electro-optic crystal, improve The measuring precision and adaptive capacity to environment.Described electro-optic crystal B upper and lower side adds voltage to be measured and end adds catoptron, and electro-optic crystal A does not power up, thereby electro-optic crystal B can produce the linear electrooptic phase retardation that carries information of voltage to be measured in linearly polarized light and make it double, and improves The measuring precision.
In sum, the reflective reciprocity light path design method of the optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect that the present invention proposes can be realized the reciprocity of whole optical path improving optical voltage transformer measuring accuracy, antijamming capability and adaptive capacity to environment.
Based on above-mentioned light path design method, the present invention also provides a kind of concrete light channel structure of the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect, the light channel structure of described optical voltage transformer comprises the polarized light generation module, protect the off-delay optical cable, optically-active module and sensing module, described polarized light generation module comprises the light source that connects in turn, circulator, the polarizer, be connected photodetector and digital information processing system between circulator and the phase-modulator on phase-modulator and another branch road, polarizer tail optical fiber and phase-modulator go into fine with 45 ° to the axle welding; The phase-modulator of polarized light generation module end is connected by protecting the off-delay optical cable with the optically-active intermodule; The optically-active module collimates polarization apparatus for the faraday who is formed by Faraday polarization apparatus and the inclined to one side collimating apparatus encapsulation of guarantor, and Faraday polarization apparatus is near the sensing module input side; Sensing module comprises identical electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B and half-wave plate, the induct direction unanimity of refractive index main shaft of two electro-optic crystals, half-wave plate is positioned in the middle of two electro-optic crystals, its fast and slow axis and two electro-optic crystals are at 45 to axle perpendicular to the refractive index main shaft of inducting in the plane, the polarized light direction of propagation, and faraday collimates, and polarization apparatus is protected inclined to one side tail optical fiber fast and slow axis and electro-optic crystal A is at 45 to axle perpendicular to the refractive index main shaft of inducting in the plane, the polarized light direction of propagation, electro-optic crystal B end is catoptron, upper and lower side making alive U.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, reflective reciprocity light path design method and the reciprocity light channel structure thereof based on the Pockels effect of the present invention's proposition, by outputed to the reciprocity of light path part between the input of optically-active module by the polarized light generation module, enhancing is to protecting the immunity that off-delay optical cable surrounding environment is disturbed, by the effect of half-wave plate to the modes swap of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light, realize the light path reciprocity of sensing module, eliminate the additional birefringence error of introducing because of factors such as electro-optic crystal self-defect and temperature, STRESS VARIATION.
2, the complete reciprocity of whole optical voltage transformer light channel structure has improved the anti-environmental interference ability of optical voltage transformer and to the adaptive faculty of environment, and then has improved measuring accuracy and the stability of optical voltage transformer system.
3, the present invention propose based on the reflective structure in the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer light path design method of Pockels effect, cooperate electro-optic crystal A not power up and electro-optic crystal B adds the design of voltage to be measured, realize twice process of linearly polarized light electro-optic crystal, make the linear electrooptic phase retardation of being introduced by voltage to be measured double, improved the measuring accuracy of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is optical voltage transformer light channel structure synoptic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is system coordinates conversion and polarized light direction of vibration change procedure synoptic diagram in entire emission formula reciprocity optical voltage transformer light path system;
Fig. 3 is that catoptron is to the effect of electro-optic crystal B change of coordinates;
Fig. 4 is that catoptron is to the change action synoptic diagram of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light direction of vibration;
Fig. 5 is the light channel structure synoptic diagram of the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the cutting of electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B, logical light, energising direction synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the processing structure synoptic diagram of electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention proposes a kind of reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer and method for designing thereof based on the Pockels effect, the optical voltage transformer light path that obtains by described method for designing, not only can eliminate the additional birefringence error that electro-optic crystal is introduced because of factors such as self-defect and environment temperature, STRESS VARIATION, and interference has immunocompetence to surrounding environment to make whole optical voltage transformer light path, the linear electrooptic phase retardation of being introduced by voltage to be measured doubles simultaneously, thereby improves The measuring precision, stability, antijamming capability and adaptive capacity to environment.Described light path design method is:
As Fig. 5, polarized light generation module 1 produces the orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light E of two homenergics
xAnd E
y, in the forward-propagating process, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters into optically-active module 3 through protecting off-delay optical cable 2, wherein, and E
xAlong protecting the 2 fast shaft vibrations of off-delay optical cable, E
yVibrate along slow axis.The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters sensing module 4 through optically-active module 3, sensing module 4 is made up of identical electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 and half-wave plate 403, it is middle and at 45 to axle perpendicular to the refractive index main shaft of inducting on plane, the polarized light direction of propagation with two electro-optic crystals that half-wave plate 403 is positioned at two electro-optic crystals, reach the effect that makes pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light modes swap, be along X(Y among the electro-optic crystal A401) linearly polarized light of shaft vibration in electro-optic crystal B402 along Y(X) the direction of principal axis vibration, thereby realize light path reciprocity in the sensing module 4, eliminate additional birefringence error among the electro-optic crystal B402, improve optical voltage transformer The measuring precision and adaptive capacity to environment.Electro-optic crystal B402 is in the uniform electric field of voltage generation to be measured, thereby can make linearly polarized light produce the linear electrooptic phase retardation that carries information of voltage to be measured, and be not subjected to the design of electric field influence because of reflective structure and electro-optic crystal A401, the final linear electrooptic phase retardation that obtains doubles, and improves The measuring precision.The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters optically-active module 3 by sensing module 4 again after sensing module 4 ends are reflected, optically-active module 3 is passed through the effect of the twice pair of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light in front and back, when making the polarized light backpropagation in protecting off-delay optical cable 2, and E
xAlong slow-axis direction vibration, E
yAlong the quick shaft direction vibration, thereby form the modes swap of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light in protecting off-delay optical cable 2, improve anti-environmental interference ability.The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light returns polarized light generation module 1, interferes and accepts certain processing then and obtain information of voltage to be measured.
Based on above-mentioned light path design method, the invention provides a kind of reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect, its light channel structure comprises the polarized light generation module 1, guarantor's off-delay optical cable 2, optically-active module 3 and the sensing module 4 that connect in turn as shown in Figure 5.Wherein, polarized light generation module 1 is by the light source 101(superluminescent diode SLD that connects in turn, the wavelength of optical signal that provides is 1310nm), circulator 102(single mode optics circulator), the polarizer 103(optical fiber polarizer, it act as the input nonpolarized light is converted to required linearly polarized light), phase-modulator 104(integrated optics phase-modulator, be that principle is made with the lithium niobate linear electro-optic effect, finish the phase place modulation to input light) and connect photodetector 105(PIN-FET detector on another branch road of circulator 102 and phase-modulator 104) and digital information processing system 106.Is connected by protecting off-delay optical cable 2 between polarized light generation module 1 and the optically-active module 3, optically-active module 3 collimates polarization apparatus for Faraday polarization apparatus with protecting the faraday that inclined to one side collimating apparatus encapsulation forms, and Faraday polarization apparatus leans on sensing module 4 input sides.Sensing module 4 is made up of two identical electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 and the half-wave plate 403 that is positioned between the two, and described electro-optic crystal B402 end is the catoptron 404 of high reflectance, and electro-optic crystal B402 upper and lower side adds voltage U to be measured.
Described circulator 102 is three port single-mode fiber circulators, its effect is that the light signal low-loss that makes SLD send is coupled into light path system, wherein, first port links to each other with light source 101 as input end in the polarized light forward-propagating process, second port links to each other with the polarizer 103 as input end in output terminal and the back-propagation process in the polarized light forward-propagating process, and the 3rd port connects photodetector 105 as output terminal in the polarized light back-propagation process.The effect of described photodetector 105 is that the interference light intensity signal that will carry information of voltage to be measured is converted to electric signal, this electric signal is received by digital information processing system 106, and is formed feedback signal simultaneously and pass to phase-modulator 104 by demodulation, output therein.
The polarizer 103 tail optical fibers and phase-modulator 104 go into fine with 45 ° to the axle welding, effect is that order enters phase-modulator 104 by the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light that 45 ° of linearly polarized lights to axle welding point are decomposed into homenergic, and direction of vibration is respectively along phase-modulator 104 fast axle and slow axis.The driving voltage that 104 pairs of light signals of described phase-modulator carry out the phase place modulation comes from digital information processing system 106, the phase modulation difference of the positive and negative light signal generating of passing through for twice of 104 pairs of phase-modulators, and phase modulation acts on the different linearly polarized lights, thereby the modulation result of final 104 pairs of light signals of phase-modulator is the phase modulation difference of twice generation in front and back, this difference comprises two phase masses, the one, inherent delay phase
Effect is that to make the light intensity signal that is finally detected by photodetector 105 be sine function, the 2nd, with the phase mass of linear electrooptic phase retardation equal and opposite in direction, opposite in sign, effect is that the phase value of sine function in the final light intensity signal was remained near zero point, and the two acting in conjunction has improved the linearity of optical voltage transformer output signal.
Protecting off-delay optical cable 2 has more than the 200m, plays the time delay effect in the time of as the lightray propagation media, is connected between phase-modulator 104 and the optically-active module 3.Faraday polarization apparatus in the described optically-active module 3 is made up of magneto-optical crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and permanent magnet magnetic ring, and effect is that the polarized light that enters is wherein carried out the rotation of plane of polarization along certain direction.Make the saturation flux value of a little higher than yig crystal of magnetic flux value of permanent magnet magnetic ring, design yig crystal length simultaneously, making its plane of polarization anglec of rotation that produces under the saturation flux amount is 45 °, and the minor fluctuations of magnetic flux can not impact the anglec of rotation of plane of polarization, improves the Faraday polarization apparatus anti-electromagnetic interference capability.
It is at 45 to axle that faraday collimates the refractive index main shaft of inducting of the inclined to one side tail optical fiber fast and slow axis of guarantor of polarization apparatus and electro-optic crystal A401, electro-optic crystal B402 in the optically-active module 3, namely with Fig. 5 in X, Y direction angle be 45 °, purpose is that the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light that makes the plane of polarization that collimates the polarization apparatus outgoing by faraday rotate 45 ° enters electro-optic crystal A401 after vibration direction respectively along induct refractive index major axis X axle and the Y direction of electro-optic crystal A401.The refractive index major axes orientation of inducting of electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 is consistent, the refractive index major axis X of inducting of the fast and slow axis of half-wave plate 403 and electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402, Y-axis are at 45 to axle, effect is that the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light polarization mode by half-wave plate 403 is exchanged, thereby makes same linearly polarized light direction of vibration quadrature in electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402.
Described electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 light incident and light exit side face all apply anti-reflection film, and the effect of this anti-reflection film is to make near the light low-loss of wavelength coverage 1310nm pass through.As shown in Figure 7, electro-optic crystal B402 end adds high reflectivity mirror 404, and reflectivity is more than 99.5%.On electro-optic crystal A401 and the electro-optic crystal B402, downside is equipped with identical metal electrode, but in the virtual voltage measuring process, electro-optic crystal A401 is crystal by way of compensation, be used for eliminating electro-optic crystal B402 because of self-defect and environment temperature, the additional birefringence error that factors such as STRESS VARIATION are introduced, therefore do not power up, and electro-optic crystal A401 should try one's best and not be subjected to electric field influence, electro-optic crystal B402 is as the sensing crystal, be used for responsive voltage signal to be measured, upper/lower electrode adds voltage U to be measured, thereby electro-optic crystal B402 works in the uniform electric field environment, and two electro-optic crystals other working environments of living in are identical.
Be modeled as instrument with Jones matrix below and prove the reciprocity of the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer light channel structure based on the Pockels effect provided by the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings and to the elimination effect of additional birefringence error in the electro-optic crystal, specific as follows:
1) light that sends of light source enters the polarizer 103 through circulator 102, suppose that the printing opacity direction of the polarizer 103 is parallel with Y-axis, and the direction of vibration of the linearly polarized light that obtains is shown in the middle bold arrow of Fig. 2 (A).The vertical paper in the direction of propagation of light is outside.
The Jones matrix of the polarizer 103 is expressed as:
Subscript " 1 " expression forward-propagating process.
2) linearly polarized light arrives 45 ° of welding points of the polarizer 103 and phase-modulator 104, and this welding point is realized the rotation to coordinate axis.Polarized light along former coordinate axis Y vibration is broken down into X, Y-axis component under new coordinate axis, obtain the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light E of homenergic
xAnd E
ySuppose herein left-handed 45 ° of coordinate axis, thereby obtain Fig. 2 (B), wherein E
xBe parallel to X-axis, E
yBe parallel to Y-axis, thereby definition E
xBe the X component in the Jones matrix expression formula, E
yBe the Y component.
The Jones matrix expression formula of 45 ° of welding points is:
3) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters phase-modulator 104 through 45 ° of welding points, and 104 pairs of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized lights of phase-modulator are modulated, and produces phase place
Suppose that X-direction is quick shaft direction, at this moment direction of vibration E
xBe parallel to X-axis, thereby the Jones matrix expression formula that obtains phase-modulator 104 is:
4) enter faraday by the light of phase-modulator 104 outgoing and collimate polarization apparatus, in this rotation through collimator and extender and plane of polarization.Faraday polarization apparatus is to be theoretical foundation with the Faraday effect, the optical device that the polarization polarization surface is rotated, but not to the coordinate axis effect.Suppose Faraday polarization apparatus to polarized light left-handed 45 °, thereby obtain Fig. 2 (C).
The Jones matrix that faraday collimates polarization apparatus is:
5) direction of vibration of the coordinate axis shown in Fig. 2 (C) and linearly polarized light has 45 ° angle, parallel with the refractive index main shaft of inducting in the electro-optic crystal A401 polarized light plane of incidence for making linearly polarized light collimate polarization apparatus outgoing after vibration direction from faraday, need make faraday collimate between polarization apparatus and the electro-optic crystal A401 45 ° to axle.45 ° is rotation to coordinate axis to axle equally, supposes herein left-handed 45 ° of coordinate axis, obtains result shown in Fig. 2 (D).
45 ° to axle place Jones matrix expression formula are:
6) X-axis of supposing electro-optic crystal A401 is quick shaft direction, this moment E
xBe parallel to X-axis, but because in the electro-optic crystal A401 place electric field, there is not the linear electro-optic effect that voltage to be measured is introduced, thus linear electrooptic phase retardation δ=0, so only contain the additional birefringence phase retardation Δ of introducing because of factors such as electro-optic crystal A401 self-defect and environment temperature, STRESS VARIATION.
The Jones matrix expression formula of electro-optic crystal A401 is:
7) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light from the terminal outgoing of electro-optic crystal A401 enters electro-optic crystal B402 through half-wave plate 403, the effect of half-wave plate 403 is by the refractive index main shaft angle at 45 of inducting in its fast axle and the electro-optic crystal B402 polarized light plane of incidence, and the vibration mode of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is exchanged.Arrive shown in the change procedure of (E) as Fig. 2 (D).
Thereby the Jones matrix expression formula of this half-wave plate 403 is:
When the fast axle that it should be noted that half-wave plate 403 was-45 ° with the X-axis angle, the Jones matrix expression formula that obtains was identical with formula (7).
When 8) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters electro-optic crystal B402, direction of vibration is shown in Fig. 2 (E), at this moment, X-axis still is quick shaft direction, to between the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light, produce a phase retardation δ+Δ, wherein δ is the linear electrooptic phase retardation of being introduced by voltage to be measured, and Δ is additional birefringence is introduced among the electro-optic crystal B402 phase retardation and equates with additional birefringence phase retardation among the electro-optic crystal A401 in theory, just acts on different polarized components.
The Jones matrix expression formula of electro-optic crystal B402 is:
9) polarized light propagates into mirror 404 reflections that are reflected behind the end of electro-optic crystal B402, and the direction of vibration of 404 pairs of coordinate axis of catoptron and polarized light all has reflection and turning effort.Arrive shown in the change procedure of (F) as Fig. 2 (E).
Effect for coordinate axis, under the situation of normal reflection, light is propagated along the Z axle, and the coordinate axis Z axle after the reflection is reverse, and the hypothesis plane of incidence is the YZ plane, because of X-axis perpendicular to the plane of incidence, the reflection rear, can get under the coordinate axis newly according to the right-hand rule to constant, Y is reverse, can obtain the coordinate axis rotary course to (F ') by (E) shown in Figure 3.
For linearly polarized light, because pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light E
x, E
yAll reverse under catoptron 404 effects, the phase place variation is π, as shown in Figure 4, so pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light phase difference variable turns to 0 in the Jones matrix expression formula, only needs to consider the reflex of 404 pairs of coordinate axis of catoptron this moment.
The Jones matrix expression formula of catoptron 404 is:
Since then, enter the linearly polarized light back-propagation process.
10) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light after the reflection passes through electro-optic crystal B402 again, and as can be known, still be E this moment in being contrasted by Fig. 2 (E), Fig. 2 (F)
yParalleled by X axis, E
xBe parallel to Y-axis, action effect is identical during with forward-propagating.
Therefore, the Jones matrix expression formula of electro-optic crystal B402 is:
Subscript " 2 " expression back-propagation process.
11) in the back-propagation process, though catoptron 404 reverses the coordinate axis Y-axis, but the refractive index main shaft angle of inducting in the fast axle of half-wave plate 403 and the electro-optic crystal A401 polarized light plane of incidence still is 45 °, equally the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is played the effect of modes swap, therefore can obtain Fig. 2 (G) from Fig. 2 (F).
This moment, the Jones matrix expression formula of half-wave plate 403 was:
12) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters electro-optic crystal A401 again, and direction of vibration is shown in Fig. 2 (G).Comparison diagram 2(D) and Fig. 2 (G) as can be known, with forward by the time identical, still be E among the electro-optic crystal A401
xAlong the vibration of fast axle directions X, E
yAlong Y direction vibration, so Jones matrix is identical when passing through with forward, that is:
13) 45 ° is rotation to coordinate axis to axle, therefore, during the polarized light forward-propagating, observe left-handed to coordinate axis in face of the direction of propagation of light, under the situation of backpropagation, still observe in face of light, be similarly left-handed, the vertical paper of Z axle is inside during because of backpropagation, so being reflected to, left-handed axle in Fig. 2, is coordinate axis dextrorotation, and namely be by the variation of Fig. 2 (G) to Fig. 2 (H).
At this moment, 45 ° of Jones matrix expression formulas to axle are:
14) backpropagation of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light collimates polarization apparatus to faraday, its nonreciprocity makes polarized light plane of polarization identical direction along with forward-propagating the time rotate 45 ° again, be reflected on Fig. 2 namely left-handed 45 ° again, obtain Fig. 2 (I) by Fig. 2 (H).But actual observe in face of light, become 45 ° of dextrorotation, thus different when obtaining the Jones matrix expression formula with forward-propagating, that is:
15) the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light that collimates the polarization apparatus outgoing by faraday enters phase-modulator again, the effect of phase-modulator is constant, twice process is lasted for before and after supposing, this time, mainly by the length control of protecting the off-delay optical cable, then the Jones matrix expression formula of phase-modulator was at this moment:
16) backpropagation arrives 45 ° of welding points, obtain Fig. 2 (J), and Jones matrix is constant, and this moment, the Jones matrix expression formula of 45 ° of welding points was:
17) carried the orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light of information of voltage to be measured with the coordinate shown in Fig. 2 (J) and the direction of vibration arrival polarizer 103 places, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is interfered respectively on X and Y-axis, have only along the interference light of the polarizer 103 printing opacity directions and could pass through the polarizer 103, process circulator 102 is converted to electric signal by photodetector 105 and sends into digital information processing system 106 and handle, and obtains the digital output signal of sending into the feedback signal of phase-modulator 104 and carrying information of voltage to be measured.
The Jones matrix of the polarizer 103 is identical during with forward-propagating, is:
So far, can obtain the output interference light intensity expression formula of whole reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer light path system based on the Pockels effect.
By
After the arrangement:
By formula I=E
Out *E
Out, and | E
y|
2=I
iCan get,
Wherein, I
iBe the input light intensity, δ is the linear electrooptic phase retardation that voltage to be measured is introduced,
With
For positive and negative twice phase retardation through phase-modulator 104 generations, wherein comprised the inherent delay phase place
And the phasing degree that is sent to phase-modulator 104 by the closed-loop digital signal processing system as value of feedback
Therefore can get final output intensity expression formula is:
In theory,
The time, the closed-loop digital signal processing system that native system adopts reaches stablizes closed loop output, and system works is at linear zone.
The computation process of the described linear electrooptic phase retardation δ value of being introduced by voltage to be measured is as follows:
The dot product kr of wave vector k and position coordinates vector r has reflected the phase retardation size of electromagnetic wave in the communication process of space, and therefore, the electric light phase retardation δ that is produced by linear electro-optic effect also can be expressed as:
δ=k·r (22)
In native system, position coordinates vector r is light along the propagation distance L on the Z direction, and wave vector k is (angle) wave number of the monochromatic wave of light when propagating in the BGO crystal, therefore carries birefringence information, that is:
Wherein, λ is light wavelength in a vacuum, b
zBirefraction for the light propagated along the Z axle.If refractive index is n under the situation that the BGO crystal does not power up
0, because coordinate axis X is parallel to direction of an electric field, and suppose that electric field intensity is E, refractive index is n so X-axis is inducted
X=n
0, Y-axis perpendicular to
Face, refractive index is so Y-axis is inducted
Or
, so b
z=| n
X-n
Y|, namely
Therefore can get, direction of an electric field is parallel to directions X, and light is along under the horizontal modulation case of Z direction propagation, and the electric light phase retardation of generation is:
Wherein, L is electro-optic crystal optical direction length, and d is for producing the interelectrode distance of voltage to be measured, and U is by being added magnitude of voltage to be measured on the BGO crystal.
In sum, the direction of propagation along light, comparison diagram 2(B) and Fig. 2 (I), this reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect has realized being collimated to faraday by the polarizer 103 the linearly polarized light modes swap of polarization apparatus, be along X(Y in the forward-propagating process) become along Y(X in the linearly polarized light back-propagation process of shaft vibration) shaft vibration, equally, comparison diagram 2(D) and Fig. 2 (E) and Fig. 2 (G) and Fig. 2 (F) as can be known, the present invention has realized linearly polarized light modes swap in two electro-optic crystals, i.e. E among the electro-optic crystal A401
xBe parallel to X-axis, E
yBe parallel to Y-axis, and E among the electro-optic crystal B402
xBe parallel to Y-axis, E
yBe parallel to X-axis.Twice linearly polarized light modes swap achieved the reciprocity of whole optical path structure.Derivation and final light intensity signal by whole optical path system Jones matrix are exported the result as can be known, finally convert to and do not contain the phase retardation Δ that additional birefringence is introduced among the electro-optic crystal B402 in the light signal of electric signal, verified the correctness of reciprocity light path and to the additional theoretic validity of birefringence error inhibiting effect the electro-optic crystal B402 from the numerical evaluation angle.The coefficient of final interference light intensity signal neutral line electric light phase retardation is 2, proves the linear electrooptic phase retardation that keeps and doubled to be introduced by voltage to be measured when the reciprocity light path is eliminated additional birefringence error.More than be the correctness that proves the reflective reciprocity light path design method of the optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect that the present invention proposes from theoretical analysis and numerical evaluation two aspects jointly.
As shown in Figure 6, be BGO(Bi with electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402
4Ge
3O
12) crystal is example, and the cutting mode of electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B is described.Three refractive index major axes orientations of inducting that the BGO crystal produces behind the added electric field on perpendicular to (001) face direction carry out orientation, cutting, form the rectangular parallelepiped of identical size, thereby six faces of the BGO crystal that obtains are respectively: (001),
(110),
The two BGO crystal refractive index major axes orientation of inducting is: X-axis is perpendicular to (001) face, Y-axis perpendicular to
Face, Z axle be perpendicular to (110) face, thereby obtain electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 among the present invention.Electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402 optical direction are along inducting refractive index main shaft Z-direction, and therefore two electro-optic crystals (110) face reaches
All need apply anti-reflection film, electro-optic crystal B402 goes up the applied field direction perpendicular to (001) face, namely is parallel to X-axis.The BGO crystal all can make things convenient for system in package, debugging along the cutting of the direction of the refractive index main shaft of inducting, and makes the linear electrooptic phase retardation value maximum that optical voltage transformer of the present invention system obtains according to above-mentioned cutting and logical light step mode.
Below will be in conjunction with Fig. 2 the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer course of work based on the Pockels effect provided by the invention being narrated.
Figure 2 shows that the process that system coordinates conversion and polarized light direction of vibration change in entire emission formula reciprocity optical voltage transformer light path system.Light is propagated along the Z axle, for conveniently drawing and be described, among Fig. 2 in the polarized light forward-propagating process Z axle outside perpendicular to paper, the vertical paper of Z axle is inside in the back-propagation process.The reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer light channel structure course of work based on the Pockels effect provided by the present invention is: the light that superluminescent diode (SLD) 101 sends enters the optical fiber polarizer 103 through single mode optics circulator 102, the optical direction of the polarizer 103 is assumed to be vertical direction herein along level or vertical direction.The linearly polarized light of the polarizer 103 outputs is broken down into the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light that energy equates through 45 ° of welding points, (Ex among Fig. 2, Ey represent pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light this moment respectively), the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters phase-modulator 104 simultaneously respectively along its fast and slow axis direction vibration (as the A-B among Fig. 2).After obtaining the phase place modulation, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light enters faraday and collimates polarization apparatus through protecting off-delay optical cable 2, after collimator and extender and 45 ° of optically-actives, enters the B-C among electro-optic crystal A401(such as Fig. 2).Because it is at 45 to axle that faraday collimates induct refractive index major axis X, Y-axis of polarization apparatus and electro-optic crystal A401, therefore, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light vibrates (as the C-D among Fig. 2) along X, the Y direction of the refractive index main shaft of inducting respectively after entering electro-optic crystal A401.Enter half-wave plate 403 behind the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light process electro-optic crystal A401, because fast, the slow axis of half-wave plate 403 and the refractive index major axis X of inducting, the Y-axis angle at 45 of electro-optic crystal A401 and electro-optic crystal B402, thereby make orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light emergence pattern before entering electro-optic crystal B402 exchange, namely enter behind the electro-optic crystal B402 along Y (X) direction of principal axis vibration (as D-E among Fig. 2) along the linearly polarized light of electro-optic crystal A401X (Y) shaft vibration, thereby make two electro-optic crystals opposite to the action effect of line polarisation, form compensation effect.The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is in mirror 404 reflections that are reflected of the end of electro-optic crystal B402, and the E-F as among Fig. 2 returns by original optical path, thereby enters back-propagation process by polarized light forward-propagating process.Reflected light is through half-wave plate 403, the same cross line polarisation modes swap that takes place, as the F-G among Fig. 2, and when collimating polarization apparatus through faraday again, because its nonreciprocity, sense of rotation when making polarized light at this moment along forward-propagating is rotated 45 ° again, as the H-I among Fig. 2, thereby positive and negative collimate polarization apparatus by faraday twice after, 90 ° of rotations take place in the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light, form modes swap, be i.e. along vibrating along Y (X) direction of principal axis in the line polarisation reverse transfer process of protecting off-delay optical cable X (Y) shaft vibration, contrast as the B among Fig. 2 and I during forward transmission.So far, through twice modes swap, formed reflective reciprocity light channel structure completely.When the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light arrives the polarizer 103 places again, because the effect of 45 ° of welding points, make pairwise orthogonal line polarisation all with the polarizer 103 optical directions angle at 45, as the I-J among Fig. 2, thereby interfere at the polarizer 103 optical directions, and interference light intensity enters photodetector 105 by circulator 102, light signal is converted into to be sent into digital information processing system 106 behind the electric signal and handles, forming feedback signal sends phase-modulator 104 on the one hand, obtains the numeral output of magnitude of voltage to be measured on the other hand.
To sum up be the complete reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer course of work based on the Pockels effect.
Claims (9)
1. the light path design method of a reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer, described light path design method utilizes the reciprocity structure of light path to eliminate the interference that adds in the electro-optic crystal in birefringence error and the surrounding environment, and the linear electrooptic phase retardation that by reflection configuration voltage to be measured is introduced on the basis of reciprocity doubles, thereby improves system accuracy, stability, adaptive capacity to environment and antijamming capability; Described method for designing is as follows:
Produce two homenergic orhtogonal linear polarizaiton light E by the polarized light generation module
yAnd E
yProtect the off-delay optical cable described pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is sent to the optically-active module, suppose E this moment
yDirection of vibration is along protecting off-delay optical cable quick shaft direction, E
yAlong slow-axis direction; The optically-active module is rotated the plane of polarization in the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light forward-propagating process and the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is transferred to sensing module; The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light passes through electro-optic crystal A, half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal B successively in sensing module, obtain linear electrooptic phase retardation that voltage to be measured introduces and be reflected in the sensing module end, enter back-propagation process, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light passes through electro-optic crystal B, half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal A again; The optically-active module is passed through in the backpropagation of pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light again, and plane of polarization obtains rotation again, and twice rotation makes pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light direction of vibration in protecting the off-delay optical cable of outgoing in the optically-active module become E
xAlong slow axis, E
yAlong fast axle, compare polarization mode during with forward-propagating and exchange; The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light returns the polarized light generation module, and interferes, and obtains magnitude of voltage to be measured.
2. according to the described light path design method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sensing module comprises electro-optic crystal A, half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal B, described half-wave plate is arranged between electro-optic crystal A and the electro-optic crystal B, and the fast and slow axis of half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal A are 45 ° to axle perpendicular to the refractive index main shaft of inducting in the plane, the polarized light direction of propagation, the refractive index major axes orientation of inducting of electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B is consistent, electro-optic crystal A does not power up, electro-optic crystal B adds voltage to be measured, be in the electric field to be measured, produce the linear electrooptic phase retardation that carries information of voltage to be measured; The pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light at first along X-axis and the Y direction vibration of the refractive index main shaft of inducting of electro-optic crystal A, is supposed E in sensing module
xAlong X-axis, E
yAlong Y-axis, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light of electro-optic crystal A outgoing is through the effect of half-wave plate, and vibration mode is exchanged, and namely enters E behind the electro-optic crystal B
xAlong Y-axis, E
yAlong X-axis, described pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light is by the mirror reflects of electro-optic crystal B end then, the counter-rotating of the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light direction of propagation, direction of vibration is constant, enter the light back-propagation process, the pairwise orthogonal linearly polarized light passes through electro-optic crystal B, half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal A again, and direction of vibration still is E in electro-optic crystal B
xAlong Y-axis, E
yAlong X-axis, still be E in electro-optic crystal A
xAlong X-axis, E
yAlong Y-axis.
3. according to the described light path design method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described optically-active module adopts the faraday who is formed by Faraday polarization apparatus and collimating apparatus encapsulation to collimate polarization apparatus.
4. reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect, comprise and connect polarized light generation module, guarantor's off-delay optical cable, optically-active module and sensing module in turn, wherein, the polarized light generation module comprise in turn connect light source, circulator, the polarizer, phase-modulator and connect photodetector and digital information processing system on another branch road of circulator and phase-modulator, polarizer tail optical fiber and phase-modulator go into fibre with 45 ° to the axle welding; Protecting the off-delay optical cable is connected between phase-modulator and the optically-active module; The optically-active module collimates polarization apparatus for encapsulating the faraday who forms by Faraday polarization apparatus with the inclined to one side collimating apparatus of guarantor, and Faraday polarization apparatus is near the sensing module input side; Described sensing module is made up of two identical electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B and half-wave plate, it is at 45 to axle that faraday collimates induct refractive index major axis X, Y-axis of the inclined to one side tail optical fiber fast and slow axis of guarantor of polarization apparatus and electro-optic crystal A, and the refractive index major axes orientation of inducting of electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B is consistent; Described half-wave plate is positioned in the middle of electro-optic crystal A and the electro-optic crystal B, and the refractive index major axis X of inducting of the fast and slow axis of half-wave plate and electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B, Y-axis are at 45 to axle; Electro-optic crystal B end is catoptron, and electro-optic crystal B upper and lower side adds voltage U to be measured.
5. the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the output interference light intensity I of whole reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer light path system based on the Pockels effect
oExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein, I
iBe the input light intensity, δ is the linear electrooptic phase retardation that voltage to be measured is introduced,
For sent to the phasing degree of phase-modulator as value of feedback by the closed-loop digital signal processing system.
6. according to the described reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect of claim 5,, it is characterized in that: described linear electrooptic phase retardation is:
Wherein, L is electro-optic crystal B optical direction length, and d is for producing the interelectrode distance of voltage to be measured, and U is by being added magnitude of voltage to be measured on the electro-optic crystal B, and λ is light wavelength in a vacuum, γ
41Be electro-optic crystal B linear electro-optic coefficient, n
0Be the electro-optic crystal B refractive index during added electric field not.
7. the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: light incident and the light exit side face of described electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B all apply anti-reflection film.
8. the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B are that the BGO crystal carries out the rectangular structure that directed cutting forms along the refractive index major axes orientation of inducting, the performance parameter of two electro-optic crystals is identical, residing working environment is identical, cutting mode is: optical direction is perpendicular to (110) face of BGO crystal, direction of an electric field is perpendicular to (001) face of BGO crystal, thereby the refractive index main shaft Z axle of inducting that produces is parallel to optical direction, the refractive index of inducting major axis X axle is parallel to direction of an electric field, the refractive index of inducting main shaft Y-axis perpendicular to
Face, the BGO crystal carries out the orientation cutting along the refractive index major axes orientation of inducting, and obtains electro-optic crystal A and electro-optic crystal B, the two cut direction and measure-alike.
9. the reflective reciprocity optical voltage transformer based on the Pockels effect according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described circulator is three port single-mode fiber circulators, wherein, first port links to each other with light source as light positive input end in the communication process, second port as light positive in the communication process in output terminal and the back-propagation process input end link to each other with the polarizer, the 3rd port connects photodetector as output terminal in the light back-propagation process.
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| CN103777056A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-05-07 | 国家电网公司 | Vertical modulation reciprocity type optical voltage sensor |
| CN105445521A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-30 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Optical voltage transformer |
| CN105911324A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-08-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Optical sensing device for restraining voltage sensor temperature error |
| CN105911324B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-12-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of optical sensing devices inhibiting voltage sensor temperature error |
| CN106501571A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-03-15 | 福州大学 | Improve the dielectric stratifying method of optical voltage transformer internal electric field distribution |
| CN108387775A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-10 | 长园深瑞继保自动化有限公司 | The sensor and its measurement method of electrical power are measured using light carrier |
| CN109521247A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-26 | 龙岩学院 | The temperature self-compensation method of transverse modulation optical voltage transformer |
| CN110007314A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Light beam splitting die group, laser radar system and its control method |
| CN110174547A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-27 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of inverse piezoelectric type optical fibre voltage sensor |
| CN112445134A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fast reflector online approximation self-adaptive control method considering incomplete modeling |
| CN114355513A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rotary light reflector with reciprocal light path characteristic |
| CN114355513B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-07-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Optical rotation reflector with reciprocal light path characteristic |
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