CN103192957A - Device for displaying ship attitude and control method - Google Patents
Device for displaying ship attitude and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for displaying ship attitude and a control method. The device comprises a data collection terminal and a display terminal electrically connected with the data collection terminal, wherein the data collection terminal comprises a first microprocessor, a global positioning system, a three-axis geomagnetic sensor, a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis acceleration sensor; the global positioning system, the three-axis geomagnetic sensor, the three-axis gyroscope and the three-axis acceleration sensor are respectively connected with the first microprocessor; the display terminal comprises a computer, and a touch screen and an alarm both arranged on the computer; and the data collection terminal and the display terminal are electrically connected in a wired manner. The device and the method have the characteristics that the measured data is more precise and more comprehensive; the ship attitude can be real-timely displayed to provide security support for ship navigation, goods loading and unloading, ship entering a port and the like; an electric compass can be used to show course, and can be used as normal when the device inclines, so that security and reliability of the ship navigation are further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the marine operation safety technical field, especially relate to a kind of attitude of ship that can show in real time to guarantee attitude of ship read out instrument and the control method of safety of ship.
Background technology
In recent years, because the reinforcement that deepens continuously and exchange with foreign economic of China's reform and opening-up, the boats and ships transit industry has obtained swift and violent development as the main channel of international trade cargo movement.Because the boats and ships transit industry is accompanied by the continuous progress of marine technology to the demand of large-scale ships, boats and ships maximize has become the trend of boats and ships development.
The large ship load-carrying is big, drinking water is dark, scale length, stroke is big, inertia is big, and it is bigger disturbed by factors such as sea wind, wave, and it is more strong that the less type ship oceangoing ship of its disturbance reponse comes.Disturbed by environmental factors such as sea wind, wave, the maneuvering performance of large ship descends, and the navigation attitude changes, and bad stability produces inevitably and waves, and especially under abominable sea conditions, the marine operation of boats and ships is caused very big potential safety hazard.
A large amount of marine accidents shows that large ship is at the wave water-area navigation, and Ship Swaying is the major cause that has an accident.
Recent years, the serious accident that the heavy people of a lot of large ships ship in high sea dies takes place in China.The shipwreck accident takes place not only make national wealth be subjected to loss, and, cause a tremendous loss of lives; On the other hand, large ship is subjected to the high sea influence across the sea and produces the various motions of swaying, and can bring adverse effect to use, habitability, navigability and the safety etc. of equipment on board.
In order to guarantee the safety of navigation of large ship, understand the attitude of current boats and ships, at present domestic a kind of clinometer equipment commonly used shows the ship rolling attitude, the pitching attitude does not then have special display equipment.
Clinometer is simple in structure, and precision is lower, and particularly under severe sea condition during operation, clinometer can't provide the information of waving accurately for the user, is difficult to use in personnel's task instruction, even can allow the floating staff produce erroneous judgement.
Therefore, press for a attitude measuring that can carry out fast the current attitude of boats and ships, measure comprehensively and accurately at present.
Chinese patent mandate publication number CN202511787U, authorize and disclose a kind of boats and ships horizontal attitude instrument open day on October 31st, 2012, comprise micro controller system, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), button, communication level modular converter, acceleration due to gravity sensor, buzzer phone and power module of voltage regulation, the signal wire (SW) on the micro controller system pin is connected with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), button, communication level modular converter, acceleration due to gravity sensor, buzzer phone respectively; Power module of voltage regulation is connected with micro controller system, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), communication level modular converter, acceleration due to gravity sensor, buzzer phone by lead, and to its power supply.This utility model is only used the acceleration pick-up image data, and the data parameters with collection is single, and the boats and ships horizontal attitude precision of demonstration is low, the shortcoming of poor reliability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is low in order to overcome clinometer precision of the prior art, particularly under severe sea condition during operation, clinometer can't provide the information of waving accurately for the user, be difficult to use in personnel's task instruction, even can allow the floating staff produce the deficiency of erroneous judgement, provide a kind of attitude of ship that can show in real time to guarantee attitude of ship read out instrument and the control method of safety of ship.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of attitude of ship read out instrument, comprise data collection station and the display terminal that is electrically connected with data collection station, described data collection station comprises first microprocessor and the global positioning system that is connected with first microprocessor respectively, three geomagnetic sensors, three-axis gyroscope and 3-axis acceleration sensors; Described receiving terminal comprises computing machine and touch-screen and the annunciator be located on the computing machine.
Attitude read out instrument of the present invention not only will be measured the ship rolling attitude, also to measure attitude of ship data such as the pitching of current boats and ships, courses, and can intuitively show according to the attitude of the attitude data that records with boats and ships, for the control operation of attitude of ship provides reference, guarantee shipping navigation safety.
As preferably, described data collection station and display terminal adopt wired mode to be electrically connected.As preferably, described data collection station and display terminal adopt wireless mode to be electrically connected.
As preferably, described three geomagnetic sensors are located at the middle part, deck of hull.
As preferably, computing machine is provided with at least one data-out port.
A kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device comprises the steps:
(6-1) according to the boats and ships volume, in computing machine, make up several three-dimensional ship images in advance, each Zhang San ties up the corresponding one group of query argument that is made of pitch angle and roll angle of attitude of ship in the boats and ships image; And three-dimensional ship image and corresponding query argument thereof be stored in the hard disk of computing machine; The scope of default pitch angle and roll angle in computing machine;
(6-2) data collection station and display terminal are started working;
(6-3) global positioning system obtains the locating data information of current location, and locating data information is transferred in the first microprocessor, first microprocessor is stored to the locating data information that receives in first register of first microprocessor of data collection station;
After (6-4) first microprocessor receives locating data information, first microprocessor begins to handle the data of geomagnetic field intensity, cireular frequency and linear acceleration that three geomagnetic sensors, three-axis gyroscope and 3-axis acceleration sensor detect, obtains course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data of hull;
(6-5) first microprocessor carries out the calculating of geographical north course angle, and to display terminal, behind the DTD, data collection station restarts a new data acquisition to first microprocessor with geographical north course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data transmission of hull;
(6-6) touch-screen is provided with storage key, reads key or data run-out key,
When in the regular hour, computing machine does not receive any request, and global positioning system obtains locating data again, and the calculating of new round course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data restarts in system;
Ask when the user has submitted storage to, computing machine deposits current course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data in the hard disk of computing machine in;
When the user has submitted the request of reading to, computing machine reads course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data that are stored in the hard disk, and shows by touch-screen;
Ask when the user has submitted data output to, computing machine carries out data output by data-out port;
(6-7) user submits the request of reading the three-dimensional ship image to by touch-screen to computing machine; Computing machine is according to current pitch angle and the corresponding three-dimensional ship image of roll angle data query; The boats and ships image shows in touch-screen;
After the position of ship conversion, computing machine is inquired about corresponding three-dimensional ship image, and the three-dimensional ship image is shown by touch-screen according to the request that receives new pitch angle and roll angle data and user.
Attitude of ship read out instrument of the present invention can be monitored in real time to current attitude (rolling attitude, pitching attitude, the course etc.) information of boats and ships, for the safety traffic of boats and ships provides the authentic data support.
And attitude of ship read out instrument of the present invention can also carry out providing when goods loads safe support at boats and ships.When large-scale cargo ship carried out the goods loading, the balance of assurance cargo ship had very big meaning to the safety of cargo ship.Large-scale cargo ship load-carrying is big, absorbs water deeply, and charging burden is big, in the goods loading process, needs to guarantee the steady of cargo ship, guarantees the steady of boats and ships as if failing in the goods loading process, easily causes the cargo ship lack of equilibrium, has an accident.
This device can be monitored attitude of ship in real time, understands current attitude of ship fast, is convenient to the boats and ships staff and formulates job placement; Be beneficial to staff's evolutionary operation; Be easy to the staff and in time operation process adjusted, guarantee the steady of boats and ships, increased the safety of operation greatly.
As preferably, also comprise the steps:
(7-1) in computing machine, make up a compass background image in advance, it is stored in the hard disk;
(7-2) computing machine reads the three-dimensional ship image, adjusts image scaled according to the screen size of touch-screen, and the boats and ships picture centre is overlapped with screen center, and the compass background image is shown in screen;
Be that initial point makes up part plan system of axes (X-Y) with compass background image center (7-3), wherein, along screen from left to right direction be Y-axis, along screen from the bottom up direction be X-axis;
(7-4) according to the geographical north course angle, the three-dimensional ship image is rotated respective angles to Y-axis, above the three-dimensional ship image, show the course angle data simultaneously;
(7-5) receive new geographical north course angle, according to new geographical north course angle, again the three-dimensional ship image is rotated respective angles to Y-axis, above the three-dimensional ship image, show geographical north course angle data simultaneously.
As preferably, also comprise the steps:
Computing machine judges according to current attitude of ship data whether boats and ships surpass default pitch angle and the scope of roll angle; When the pitch angle of boats and ships and in the roll angle at least one were not in preset range, annunciator sent alarm message.
As preferably, the scope of pitch angle is 30 ° to 30 ° of ﹣.
As preferably, 30 ° to 30 ° of the scope ﹣ of roll angle.
Therefore, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the data that (1) is measured are more accurate; (2) data of Ce Lianging more comprehensively; (3) can show attitude of ship in real time, for ship's navigation, handling goods and approaching etc. provides safe support; (4) electronic compass can be used for the course and shows, but when the device run-off the straight also normal operation, further improved shipping navigation safety and reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of diagram of circuit of embodiments of the invention.
Among the figure: first microprocessor 1, global positioning system 2, three geomagnetic sensors 3, three-axis gyroscope 4,3-axis acceleration sensor 5, computing machine 6, touch-screen 7, annunciator 8.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment as shown in Figure 1 is a kind of attitude of ship read out instrument, comprise data collection station and the display terminal that is electrically connected with data collection station, data collection station comprises first microprocessor 1 and the global positioning system 2 that is connected with first microprocessor respectively, three geomagnetic sensors 3, three-axis gyroscope 4 and 3-axis acceleration sensors 5; Receiving terminal comprises computing machine 6 and touch-screen 7 and the annunciator 8 be located on the computing machine.Data collection station and display terminal adopt wired mode to be electrically connected.Three geomagnetic sensors are located at the middle part, deck of hull.Computing machine is provided with 2 data output ports.
Be a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device as shown in Figure 2, comprise the steps:
Step 300, suppose that the locating information data of global positioning system acquisition current location A are longitude: 120.1997, latitude: 30.2176.Locating data information is transferred in the first microprocessor, and first microprocessor is stored to the locating data information that receives in first register of first microprocessor of data collection station;
The computation process of course angle, pitch angle and roll angle is as follows:
When using three-axis gyroscope and 3-axis acceleration sensor take off data herein, three accekeration in the accelerometer measures three-dimensional coordinate; Gyroscope survey is along the magnitude of angular velocity of three rotations.
Spending in the journey in measurement boats and ships attitude angle, accurately and in real time obtain the attitude angle of boats and ships, is the key of total system.Although single electric system sensor just can carry out attitude angle measurement separately, but its accuracy depends primarily on the precision of inertia device, list is difficult to be greatly improved from improving hardware configuration design and processes aspect, and systematic error can accumulate in time, is not suitable for determining of long-time attitude of carrier.So, use single-sensor to be difficult to obtain real relatively attitude angle.For the consideration to the attitude angle measurement accuracy, adopt the method for multiple sensor signals being carried out fusion treatment, obtain the optimum attitude angle.
Adopt the method for single order complementary filter to carry out the signal fused processing, obtain the optimum attitude angle.It is advantageous that calculated amount is less, may operate in the small-sized microprocessor, guarantee the real-time of data simultaneously.
At first record the static drift value Gry_offset_X of gyroscope X-axis, method of measurement is: the reading when gyroscope sensitive axes horizontal positioned is static is level, vertical, inversion with the zero offset value herein, gets respectively 1024 times, obtains the result as aviation value:
Gry_offset_X = 45。
In like manner, record the static drift value Gry_offset_Y of gyroscope X-axis:
Gry_offset_Y = 271。
By data query handbook computing gyroscope ratio value Gyr_Gain:
Gyr_Gain = 1/131 = 0.00763。
Calculate accelerometer ratio value ACC_Gain by the data query handbook:
ACC_Gain = 1/16384 = 0.000061。
Set single order complementary filter weight value Kx=0.715; Ky=1.3.
Read six readings; Angular velocity data (gyro data) reading is respectively: 7,62,80; The acceleration information reading is respectively: 8497,4554,13233;
According to accelerometer readings, the observed reading of Y-axis is converted to acceleration/accel (g):
YAccelerometer = ay * ACC_Gain；
So YAccelerometer=0.277794
According to accelerometer readings, the observed reading of Z axle is converted to acceleration/accel (g):
Z_Accelerometer = az * ACC_Gain；
So Z_Accelerometer=0.807213
According to accelerometer readings, the observed reading of X-axis is converted to acceleration/accel (g):
X_Accelerometer = ax * ACC_Gain；
So X_Accelerometer=0.518317
Obtain angle value angleA_X with respect to the Z-X face by accelerograph:
angleA_X= arctan(Y_Accelerometer/ Z_Accelerometer)* (180)/ π；
So angleA_X=1088.068 °
Obtain angle value angleA_Y with respect to the Z-Y face by accelerograph:
angleA_Y= arctan(X_Accelerometer/ Z_Accelerometer)* (180)/ π；
So 1873.848 ° of angleA_Y=
The gyroscope X-axis is passed through the revised cireular frequency reading of static error:
gx _revised = gx + Gry_offset_X；
So gx _ revised=52;
The gyroscope Y-axis is passed through the revised cireular frequency reading of static error:
gy _revised = gy + Gry_offset_Y；
So gy _ revised=333
The revised cireular frequency reading of gyroscope X-axis be converted to forward cireular frequency (°/s):
omega_X= Gyr_Gain* gx _revised；
So omega_X=0.39676 (°/s)
The revised cireular frequency reading of gyroscope Y-axis be converted to forward cireular frequency (°/s):
omega_Y= Gyr_Gain* gy _revised； 2.54079
So omega_Y=2.54079 (°/s)
The differential value dt of computing time:
Dt=current time-sampling time last time; (unit: second)
The rate of replacement that gyroscope, accelerometer are set is 50hz, and sampling interval dt is 0.02s.
dt = 0.02s。
By the gyroscope X-axis calculate angular speed calculation angle angle_dt_X:
angle_dt_X = omega_X * dt；
So angle_dt_X=0.0079352 °
By the gyroscope Y-axis calculate angular speed calculation angle angle_dt_Y:
angle_dt_Y = omega_Y * dt； 0.0508158
So angle_dt_Y=0.0508158 °
Begin to carry out fused filtering:
angle_Xn = angle_Xn-1 +(Gyr_Gain * (gx + Gry_offset_X)) * dt；
angle_Y n =angle_Y n-1 +(Gyr_Gain * (gy + Gry_offset_Y)) * dt；
Because initial angle_Xn-1, angle_Y n-1 are 0, angle_Xn, angle_Y n equal 0.0079352 ° and 0.0508158 ° herein.
The weights A_X:A_X=K_x/ (K_x+ dt) of computing gyroscope;
A_X=0.986
The weights A_Y:A_Y=K_y/ (K_y+ dt) of computing gyroscope;
A_Y=0.985
Carry out the single order complementary filter, output valve is angle (unit: °):
Pitch angle with respect to the Z-X plane: angle_X=A_X* (angle_X+ omega_X* dt)+(1-A_X) * angleA_X;
Roll angle with respect to the Z-Y plane: angle_Y=A_Y* (angle_Y+omega_Y*dt)+(1-A_Y) * angleA_Y;
angle_X = 15.24°， angle_Y = 28.16°。
30 ,-236 ,-447 geomagnetic data Hx, Hy, Hz reading are respectively:;
Use following formula with the observed reading of magnetoresistive transducer from carrier projecting to ground level,
So far, obtain pitch angle, roll angle and course angle data.
Current angle_X=15.24 °, angle_Y=28.16 ° ,-30 °＜angle_X＜30 ° ,-30 °＜angle_Y＜30 °, so boats and ships surpass default pitch angle and roll angle scope;
If pitch angle angle_X=45 °, roll angle angle_Y=20 °; Then annunciator sends sound, light alarm message.
The computation process of geographical north course angle is as follows:
According to formula:
C=sin(MLatA)*sin(MLatB)*cos(MLonA-MLonB)+cos(MLatA)*cos(MLatB)
Distance=R*Arccos (C) * Pi/180 calculates the distance between current and certain point.
Wherein, B is a fixing latitude and longitude value, the central value in expression city, and the longitude and latitude data are Hangzhou herein: its longitude: 120.1260, latitude: 30.2612.
The longitude and latitude of A is (LonA, LatA), the longitude and latitude of second B be (LonB, LatB), benchmark according to 0 degree warp, east longitude degree of learning from else's experience on the occasion of (Longitude), (Longitude), north latitude is got 90-latitude value (90-Latitude) to west longitude degree of learning from else's experience negative value, south latitude is got 90+ latitude value (90+Latitude), then through later 2 of above-mentioned processing counted (MLonA, MLatA) and (MLonB, MLatB).
By formula, point-to-point transmission is at a distance of 8.581km as can be known.
The longitude and latitude data that A is ordered are compared with other point, select with the A point at a distance of nearest city, and with this urban information storage (for example: nearest from Hangzhou herein, then will represent the value storage in Hangzhou to the treater memory module), after two hours, calculate with current at a distance of nearest city according to the locating data of GPS again.
Receiving device employing look-up method obtains to be stored in the city magnetic inclination data in the memory module, Hangzhou: 4.4 ° of magnetic inclination (W) are to the west.According to the magnetic inclination data, the geographical north course angle is
=
+ α, so its geographical north course angle is:
When in the regular hour, computing machine does not receive any request, and global positioning system obtains locating data again, and the calculating of new round course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data restarts in system;
Ask when the user has submitted storage to, computing machine deposits current course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data in the hard disk of computing machine in;
When the user has submitted the request of reading to, computing machine reads course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data that are stored in the hard disk, and shows by touch-screen;
Ask when the user has submitted data output to, computing machine carries out data output by data-out port;
After the position of ship conversion, computing machine is inquired about corresponding three-dimensional ship image, and the three-dimensional ship image is shown by touch-screen according to the request that receives new pitch angle and roll angle data and user.
Be that initial point makes up part plan system of axes (X-Y) with compass background image center, wherein, along screen from left to right direction be Y-axis, along screen from the bottom up direction be X-axis;
Step 900 is according to the geographical north course angle
=62.1 °, the three-dimensional ship image along to 62.1 ° of Y direction clickwises, is shown above the three-dimensional ship image that simultaneously current course angle is 62.1 °;
Before receiving next time the geographical north course angle, keep current show state;
Receive new geographical north course angle, according to new geographical north course angle, again the three-dimensional ship image is rotated respective angles to Y-axis, above the three-dimensional ship image, show geographical north course angle data simultaneously.
Should be understood that present embodiment only to be used for explanation the present invention and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (10)
1. attitude of ship read out instrument, it is characterized in that, comprise data collection station and the display terminal that is electrically connected with data collection station, described data collection station comprises first microprocessor (1) and the global positioning system that is connected with first microprocessor respectively (2), three geomagnetic sensors (3), three-axis gyroscope (4) and 3-axis acceleration sensor (5); Described receiving terminal comprises computing machine (6) and is located at touch-screen (7) and annunciator (8) on the computing machine.
2. attitude of ship read out instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described data collection station and display terminal adopt wired mode to be electrically connected.
3. attitude of ship read out instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described data collection station and display terminal adopt wireless mode to be electrically connected.
4. attitude of ship read out instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described three geomagnetic sensors are located at the middle part, deck of hull.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described attitude of ship read out instruments, it is characterized in that computing machine is provided with at least one data-out port.
6. an a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(6-1) according to the boats and ships volume, in computing machine, make up several three-dimensional ship images in advance, each Zhang San ties up the corresponding one group of query argument that is made of pitch angle and roll angle of attitude of ship in the boats and ships image; And three-dimensional ship image and corresponding query argument thereof be stored in the hard disk of computing machine; The scope of default pitch angle and roll angle in computing machine;
(6-2) data collection station and display terminal are started working;
(6-3) global positioning system obtains the locating data information of current location, and locating data information is transferred in the first microprocessor, first microprocessor is stored to the locating data information that receives in first register of first microprocessor of data collection station;
After (6-4) first microprocessor receives locating data information, first microprocessor begins to handle the data of geomagnetic field intensity, cireular frequency and linear acceleration that three geomagnetic sensors, three-axis gyroscope and 3-axis acceleration sensor detect, obtains course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data of hull;
(6-5) first microprocessor carries out the calculating of geographical north course angle, and to display terminal, behind the DTD, data collection station restarts a new data acquisition to first microprocessor with geographical north course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data transmission of hull;
(6-6) touch-screen is provided with storage key, reads key or data run-out key,
When in the regular hour, computing machine does not receive any request, and global positioning system obtains locating data again, and the calculating of new round course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data restarts in system;
Ask when the user has submitted storage to, computing machine deposits current course angle, pitch angle and roll angle data in the hard disk of computing machine in;
When the user has submitted the request of reading to, computing machine reads course angle, pitch angle and the roll angle data that are stored in the hard disk, and shows by touch-screen;
Ask when the user has submitted data output to, computing machine carries out data output by data-out port;
(6-7) user submits the request of reading the three-dimensional ship image to by touch-screen to computing machine; Computing machine is according to current pitch angle and the corresponding three-dimensional ship image of roll angle data query; The boats and ships image shows in touch-screen;
After the position of ship conversion, computing machine is inquired about corresponding three-dimensional ship image, and the three-dimensional ship image is shown by touch-screen according to the request that receives new pitch angle and roll angle data and user.
7. a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises the steps:
(7-1) in computing machine, make up a compass background image in advance, it is stored in the hard disk;
(7-2) computing machine reads the three-dimensional ship image, adjusts image scaled according to the screen size of touch-screen, and the boats and ships picture centre is overlapped with screen center, and the compass background image is shown in screen;
Be that initial point makes up part plan system of axes (X-Y) with compass background image center (7-3), wherein, along screen from left to right direction be Y-axis, along screen from the bottom up direction be X-axis;
(7-4) according to the geographical north course angle, the three-dimensional ship image is rotated respective angles to Y-axis, above the three-dimensional ship image, show the course angle data simultaneously;
(7-5) receive new geographical north course angle, according to new geographical north course angle, again the three-dimensional ship image is rotated respective angles to Y-axis, above the three-dimensional ship image, show geographical north course angle data simultaneously.
8. a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises the steps:
Computing machine judges according to current attitude of ship data whether boats and ships surpass default pitch angle and the scope of roll angle; When the pitch angle of boats and ships and in the roll angle at least one were not in preset range, annunciator sent alarm message.
9. according to claim 6 or 7 or 8 described a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device, the scope of pitch angle is 30 ° to 30 ° of ﹣.
10. according to claim 6 or 7 or 8 described a kind of attitude of ship method for controlling display device, it is characterized in that 30 ° to 30 ° of the scope ﹣ of roll angle.
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