CN103185247A - Lamp - Google Patents
Lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103185247A CN103185247A CN2013101083967A CN201310108396A CN103185247A CN 103185247 A CN103185247 A CN 103185247A CN 2013101083967 A CN2013101083967 A CN 2013101083967A CN 201310108396 A CN201310108396 A CN 201310108396A CN 103185247 A CN103185247 A CN 103185247A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- light
- temperature
- processor
- emitting component
- light emitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lamp. The lamp comprises a light emitting module, a micro control unit and a radiating module, wherein the light emitting module comprises a light emitting element and a control circuit; the control circuit is electrically connected with the light emitting element; the micro control unit comprises a temperature sensing element and a processor; the temperature sensing element is electrically connected with the processor; and the processor is electrically connected with the control circuit. Therefore, the temperature sensing element is used for sensing the temperature of the light emitting element, and the processor controls an operating mode of a radiating fan through the control circuit according to a sensing result of the temperature sensing element, so that an over-heating situation is not easily caused in the working process of the light emitting element, and the service life is further prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of light fixture, especially a kind of can be by control brightness power, to avoid producing in the course of work light fixture of overheated situation.
Background technology
Existing light fixture mainly has a light emitting module, and this light emitting module can project light by a light-emitting component (as light emitting diode or bulb etc.), to reach illumination purposes.Yet, when this light-emitting component is high when hot because energising produces, if should not have good cooling measure by existing light fixture, namely may cause this existing light fixture can't operate as normal and reduce its service life.Therefore, existing light fixture also can arrange as members such as radiating fin or radiator fans in addition, produces high heat to avoid this light emitting module in practical work process.
As shown in Figure 1, disclose the existing light fixture 9 with radiating fin and radiator fan, this light fixture 9 comprises a shell 91, a light emitting module 92, a radiating fin 93 and a radiator fan 94.This shell 91 is a hollow housing of light-permeable; This light emitting module 92 is incorporated into this shell 91 inside, in order to the function of illumination is provided; This radiating fin 93 is in conjunction with this light emitting module 92, in order to absorb the heat that this light emitting module 92 produces because of energising; This radiator fan 94 in order to order about air-flow by this radiating fin 93, makes this radiating fin 93 promptly carry out heat exchange action with air-flow, to reduce the temperature of this light emitting module 92 in conjunction with this radiating fin 93.
Yet, though aforementioned existing light fixture 9 can be by the service life of this radiating fin 93 and this radiator fan 94 these light emitting modules 92 of lifting, but when the brightness of this light emitting module 92 is strong, then correspondingly be easy to generate higher heat, but owing to have light fixture 9 temperature of this light emitting module 92 of sensing in advance now, and adjust the brightness power of this light emitting module 92 according to sensing result in good time, therefore, cause this radiating fin 93 and radiator fan 94 still can't avoid this light emitting module 92 to produce overheated situation, cause the integral heat sink effect still not remarkable, and can't promote the service life of this existing light fixture 9.
Again, existing light fixture 9 produces outside the high heat to avoid this light emitting module 92 except the brightness power that can't adjust this light emitting module 92 in good time; Should have light fixture 9 temperature of this light emitting module 92 of sensing equally in advance now, and drive the drive manner of this radiator fan 94 according to sensing result, for example: when supposing that the temperature of this light emitting module 92 of sensing in advance is higher, to produce enough air quantity, can effectively promote the integral heat sink effect as rotating speed that can corresponding this radiator fan of raising; Therefore, though existing light fixture 9 has the design of this radiator fan 94, and can't further promote 94 radiating effects that can bring into play of this radiator fan, still have necessity of being improved.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of light fixture, the temperature of sensing one light emitting module in order to control the brightness power of this light emitting module, so as to regulating the temperature of this light emitting module, is main goal of the invention in advance.
Another goal of the invention of the present invention provides a kind of temperature of one light emitting module of sensing in advance, in order to control the drive manner of a radiator fan, can bring into play the light fixture of better radiating effect so as to making this radiator fan.
For reaching aforementioned goal of the invention, the technological means that the present invention uses and the effect that can reach by this technological means include:
A kind of light fixture comprises a light emitting module, a micro-control unit and a radiating module.This light emitting module comprises a light-emitting component and a control circuit, and this control circuit is electrically connected this light-emitting component; This micro-control unit comprises a temperature-sensing element and a processor, and this temperature-sensing element is electrically connected this processor; This radiating module comprises a radiator fan and one drive circuit, and this drive circuit is electrically connected the processor of this radiator fan and this micro-control unit respectively.Whereby, but the temperature of this this light-emitting component of temperature-sensing element sensing, and by the sensing result of this processor according to this temperature-sensing element, to control the drive manner of this radiator fan by this drive circuit, make this radiator fan can bring into play better radiating effect.
The processor of above-mentioned micro-control unit can be according to the sensing result of this temperature-sensing element, in order to control this light-emitting component brightness by this control circuit.
Above-mentioned radiating module comprises an auxiliary blower and a process auxiliary drive circuit in addition, this process auxiliary drive circuit is electrically connected this auxiliary blower, the processor of this micro-control unit is electrically connected this process auxiliary drive circuit, by the sensing result of this processor according to this temperature-sensing element, to control the startup of this auxiliary blower and to stop opportunity by this process auxiliary drive circuit.
Above-mentioned radiating module is preferable to comprise a radiating fin in addition, and this radiating fin is in conjunction with this light-emitting component, and this radiator fan is in conjunction with this radiating fin.
The useful technique effect of light fixture of the present invention is, temperature by the temperature-sensing element sensing light-emitting component of light fixture, and by the sensing result of processor according to temperature-sensing element, with the brightness by control circuit control and regulation light-emitting component, make light-emitting component in the course of work, be difficult for producing overheated situation, and then the service life of prolongation light fixture, perhaps: the temperature of the temperature-sensing element sensing light-emitting component by light fixture, and by the sensing result of processor according to temperature-sensing element, with the drive manner by drive circuit control and regulation radiator fan, make radiator fan can bring into play better radiating effect, can prolong service life and the purpose of power saving of light fixture equally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the assembled sectional view of existing light fixture.
Fig. 2: the structure block schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention light fixture.
Fig. 3: the structure block schematic diagram of second embodiment of the invention light fixture.
The main element symbol description:
1,2 light fixtures, 10 light emitting modules, 11 light-emitting components, 12 control circuits
20 micro-control unit, 21 temperature-sensing elements, 22 processors, 30 radiating modules
31 radiator fans, 32 drive circuits, 40 radiating modules, 41 radiator fans
42 drive circuits, 43 auxiliary blowers, 44 process auxiliary drive circuit, 9 light fixtures
91 shells, 92 light emitting modules, 93 radiating fins, 94 radiator fans.
The specific embodiment
For above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, preferred embodiment of the present invention cited below particularly, and conjunction with figs. are described in detail below:
Please refer to shown in Figure 2ly, the light fixture 1 of first embodiment of the invention comprises a light emitting module 10, a micro-control unit 20 and a radiating module 30 at least.This light emitting module 10 and 20 a preferable shell (not illustrating) inside that are incorporated into, this micro-control unit, in order to protect this light emitting module 10 and micro-control unit 20, and convenient by this shell light fixture of the present invention is incorporated into lamp socket (not illustrating) as wall, ceiling or the first-class place of table, in order to utilize general electric power system to make these light emitting module 10 energisings produce light, and then illumination functions can be provided; In addition, this micro-control unit 20 can be in order to control the brightness power of this light emitting module 10, in order to regulate the temperature of this light emitting module 10; This radiating module 30 is in order to dispel the heat to this light emitting module 10.
This light emitting module 10 comprises a light-emitting component 11 and a control circuit 12.This light-emitting component 11 can be light emitting diode (LED), bulb or other have the member of identical lighting function; This control circuit 12 is electrically connected this light-emitting component 11, produces light in order to control this light-emitting component 11.
This micro-control unit 20 comprises a temperature-sensing element 21 and a processor 22.This temperature-sensing element 21 is electrically connected these processors 22, and this temperature-sensing element 21 can be arranged at the periphery of this light-emitting component 11, in order to the temperature of this light-emitting component 11 of sensing, to produce a sensing result; This processor 22 is electrically connected the control circuit 12 of this light emitting module 10, whereby, this processor 22 can receive this sensing result, and carry out calculation process to produce a control signal according to this sensing result, this control signal can be delivered to this control circuit 12, makes this processor 22 can control the brightness power of these light-emitting components 11 by this control circuit 12.
For example, first embodiment of the invention light fixture 1 is in the process of real work, when if the temperature of this this light-emitting component 11 of temperature-sensing element 21 sensings is too high, can correspondingly produce a sensing result, after this processor 22 receives this sensing result, carry out calculation process and produce a control signal according to this sensing result again, and carry this to control signal to this control circuit 12, so that the brightness that utilizes this control circuit 12 to transfer weak this light-emitting component 11, at this moment, the temperature that produces of this light-emitting component 11 also can correspondingly reduce; In addition, when the temperature of this this light-emitting component 11 of temperature-sensing element 21 sensings was hanged down, this processor 22 also can be by aforementioned control mode, so that the brightness by transferring strong this light-emitting component 11 with this control circuit 12 again.Whereby, can effectively regulate this light-emitting component 11 brightness, too high with the temperature of avoiding this light-emitting component 11.
By the architectural feature of preceding taking off, first embodiment of the invention light fixture 1 can utilize the temperature of these micro-control unit 20 prior these light-emitting components 11 of sensing, so that the actual temperature when judging these light-emitting component 11 work, relend the brightness power that this adjusts this light-emitting component 11, make this light-emitting component 11 be unlikely to produce situations such as overheated even damage, and then can prolong the service life of this light-emitting component 11.
This radiating module 30 comprises a radiator fan 31 and one drive circuit 32.This radiator fan 31 can be tube-axial fan, blowing-type fan or other have the member of identical wind dispelling radiating effect, and these radiator fan 31 preferable light-emitting components 11 that can directly be incorporated into this light emitting module 10; Perhaps, this radiator fan 31 also can be arranged at this light-emitting component 11 peripheries, in order to dispel the heat at this light emitting module 10; This drive circuit 32 is electrically connected the processor 22 of this radiator fan 31 and this micro-control unit 20 respectively, produces predetermined wind amount in order to drive these radiator fan 31 rotations.Again, this radiating module 30 is preferable can to comprise a radiating fin (not illustrating) in addition, this radiating fin can directly be incorporated into the light-emitting component 11 of this light emitting module 10, and this radiator fan 31 and this radiating fin mutually combined, whereby, this light-emitting component 11 can be conducted to this radiating fin earlier in the heat that the energising back produces, and this radiator fan 31 of recycling orders about air-flow by this radiating fin, so that this radiating fin can promptly carry out heat exchange action with air-flow, and then promote the integral heat sink effect.
First embodiment of the invention light fixture 1 is in the process of real work, except controlling the brightness power of these light-emitting components 11 preferable this micro-control unit 20 that utilizes; In addition, it mainly is the structural design of utilizing this radiating module 30, when the temperature of this this light-emitting component 11 of temperature-sensing element 21 sensings, can produce a sensing result, after this processor 22 receives this sensing result, carry out calculation process and produce a control signal according to this sensing result again, and carry this to control signal to this drive circuit 32, in order to utilize the drive manner of these drive circuit 32 these radiator fans 31 of control, for example: when the temperature of this light-emitting component 11 of previous institute sensing is too high, the processor 22 of this micro-control unit 20 can be controlled the running speed quickening of this radiator fan 31, to produce more air quantity; Perhaps, when the temperature of this light-emitting component 11 of previous institute sensing was low, 22 running speeds that can control this radiator fan 31 of the processor of this micro-control unit 20 were slowed down, to reach the effect of power saving.
By the architectural feature of preceding taking off, first embodiment of the invention light fixture 1 is except the preferable brightness power of utilizing this micro-control unit 20 to adjust these light-emitting components 11, make this light-emitting component 11 be unlikely to overheated outside; Main is temperature by temperature-sensing element 21 prior these light-emitting components 11 of sensing of this micro-control unit 20, so that the actual temperature when judging these light-emitting component 11 work, again by the drive manner of this radiator fan 31 of suitable adjustment, make this radiator fan 31 in due course machine given play to better radiating effect.
Please refer to shown in Figure 3ly, the light fixture 2 of second embodiment of the invention, this light fixture 2 comprise a light emitting module 10, a micro-control unit 20 and a radiating module 40 at least.Wherein this light emitting module 10 and this micro-control unit 20 are identical with the architectural feature that aforementioned first embodiment discloses, so repeat no more.
The radiating module 40 of second embodiment of the invention comprises a radiator fan 41, one drive circuit 42, an auxiliary blower 43 and a process auxiliary drive circuit 44.This radiator fan 41 can be directly in conjunction with or be arranged at this light-emitting component 11 peripheries; This drive circuit 42 is electrically connected the processor 22 of this radiator fan 41 and this micro-control unit 20 respectively; This auxiliary blower 43 also can be directly in conjunction with or be arranged at these light-emitting component 11 peripheries (it is principle with the wind dispelling effect that does not influence this radiator fan 41 that the position is set); This process auxiliary drive circuit 44 is electrically connected the processor 22 of this auxiliary blower 43 and this micro-control unit 20 respectively.
For example, second embodiment of the invention light fixture 2 is in the process of real work, except controlling the brightness power of these light-emitting components 11 preferable this micro-control unit 20 that utilizes; In addition, the structural design of this radiating module 40 of more can arranging in pairs or groups is with further lifting integral heat sink effect; For example: this light fixture 2 is when starting working, can only drive these radiator fan 41 rotations to carry out thermolysis at this light-emitting component 11, when if the temperature of this this light-emitting component 11 of temperature-sensing element 21 sensings is too high, can produce a sensing result, after this processor 22 receives this sensing result, can carry out calculation process and produce a control signal according to this sensing result, and carry this to control signal to this process auxiliary drive circuit 44, in order to utilize these auxiliary blower 43 rotations of these process auxiliary drive circuit 44 controls, at this moment, can utilize this radiator fan 41 and this auxiliary blower 43 to reduce the high heat that this light-emitting component 11 produces simultaneously, add the thermolysis of taking advantage of effect mutually to reach; Perhaps, this light fixture 2 is when starting working, also can drive this radiator fan 41 and 43 rotations of this auxiliary blower simultaneously, to guarantee that this light-emitting component 11 further can obtain better heat radiating effect, when the temperature of this this light-emitting component 11 of temperature-sensing element 21 sensings is unlikely to too high, can produce a sensing result, after this processor 22 receives this sensing result, can carry out calculation process and produce a control signal according to this sensing result, and carry this to control signal to this process auxiliary drive circuit 44, in order to utilize these process auxiliary drive circuit 44 these auxiliary blowers 43 of control to stop the rotation, so, can reach predetermined heat sinking function equally, and with the effect of power saving.
By the architectural feature of preceding taking off, second embodiment of the invention light fixture 2 is except utilizing this micro-control unit 20 to adjust the brightness power of this light-emitting component 11, make this light-emitting component 11 unlikely overheated outside, more can use by both collocation of this radiator fan 41 and this auxiliary blower 43, make this light-emitting component 11 obtain better radiating effect, and hold concurrently and judge the startup of this radiator fan 41 and this auxiliary blower 43 at any time and stop opportunity according to actual demand, so that more perfect heat sinking function to be provided.
Again, though the light fixture 1 of first and second embodiment of the present invention, the 2 main brightness powers that disclose with this micro-control unit 20 these light emitting modules 10 of control, yet, light fixture of the present invention also visual actual use state omits the structure of this control brightness power, only keep the structure utilize these micro-control unit 20 these radiator fans 31 of control, 41 drive manner, make this light-emitting component 11 be unlikely to overheated purpose and can reach equally.
As mentioned above, light fixture 1 of the present invention, 2 can utilize the brightness power of these micro-control unit 20 these light emitting modules 10 of control really, or adjust this radiating module 30,40 working method in good time, make this light emitting module 10 can obtain better radiating effect, therefore, even it is not fragile to guarantee that this light fixture 1,2 under long-time the use, also can effectively be kept its service life.
Claims (4)
1. light fixture is characterized in that comprising:
A light emitting module comprises a light-emitting component and a control circuit, and this control circuit is electrically connected this light-emitting component;
A micro-control unit comprises a temperature-sensing element and a processor, and this temperature-sensing element is electrically connected this processor; And
A radiating module comprises a radiator fan and a drive circuit, and this drive circuit is electrically connected the processor of this radiator fan and this micro-control unit respectively;
Wherein this temperature-sensing element by the sensing result of this processor according to this temperature-sensing element, is controlled the drive manner of this radiator fan in order to the temperature of this light-emitting component of sensing by this drive circuit.
2. light fixture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this micro-control unit has this processor that can control this light-emitting component brightness according to the sensing result of this temperature-sensing element by this control circuit.
3. light fixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, this radiating module comprises an auxiliary blower and a process auxiliary drive circuit in addition, this process auxiliary drive circuit is electrically connected this auxiliary blower, the processor of this micro-control unit is electrically connected this process auxiliary drive circuit, by the sensing result of this processor according to this temperature-sensing element, to control the startup of this auxiliary blower and to stop opportunity by this process auxiliary drive circuit.
4. light fixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, this radiating module comprises a radiating fin in addition, and this radiating fin is in conjunction with this light-emitting component, and this radiator fan is in conjunction with this radiating fin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101083967A CN103185247A (en) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | Lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101083967A CN103185247A (en) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | Lamp |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101363482A Division CN101888725A (en) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | Lamp |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103185247A true CN103185247A (en) | 2013-07-03 |
Family
ID=48676581
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101083967A Pending CN103185247A (en) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | Lamp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103185247A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107559788A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-09 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of control method of inclined type heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| CN107631192A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-26 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| CN107654979A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-02 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of inclined type heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| TWI770892B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-07-11 | 登騰電子股份有限公司 | Electronic device and driving method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06349451A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | Light source and liquid crystal display using it |
| US20060284574A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2006-12-21 | Emslie James S | Backlighting system for display screen |
| CN1946278A (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-11 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Heat exchanger, method of manufacturing heat exchanger, liquid cooling system, light source device, projector, electronic device unit, and electronic equipment |
| CN201059532Y (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-05-14 | 张兴 | Road lamp for lighting destroying intectinal worms |
| CN101313102A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2008-11-26 | Lg电子株式会社 | Clothes dryer |
-
2009
- 2009-05-11 CN CN2013101083967A patent/CN103185247A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06349451A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | Light source and liquid crystal display using it |
| US20060284574A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2006-12-21 | Emslie James S | Backlighting system for display screen |
| CN1946278A (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-11 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Heat exchanger, method of manufacturing heat exchanger, liquid cooling system, light source device, projector, electronic device unit, and electronic equipment |
| CN101313102A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2008-11-26 | Lg电子株式会社 | Clothes dryer |
| CN201059532Y (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-05-14 | 张兴 | Road lamp for lighting destroying intectinal worms |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107559788A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-09 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of control method of inclined type heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| CN107631192A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-26 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| CN107654979A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-02 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of inclined type heat-dissipation lamp bulb |
| TWI770892B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-07-11 | 登騰電子股份有限公司 | Electronic device and driving method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102102868B (en) | Large-power light emitting diode (LED) active radiating device for car lamp | |
| JP2010153198A (en) | Luminaire | |
| CN101487586A (en) | LED illumination apparatus and its cooling method | |
| CN103016992A (en) | LED (Light Emitting Device) light capable of generating electricity by self and actively radiating heat | |
| CN103185247A (en) | Lamp | |
| CN101907279A (en) | LED street lamp cooling system | |
| CN203309614U (en) | High-power light-emitting diode (LED) spotlight capable of radiating actively | |
| CN201599762U (en) | Radiating module of luminaire | |
| CN202915204U (en) | LED (light-emitting diode) spot lamp | |
| CN210088795U (en) | LED lighting heat dissipation device | |
| CN204127803U (en) | A kind of LED spotlight of easy heat radiation | |
| CN101888725A (en) | Lamp | |
| CN102705796A (en) | LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp | |
| CN103244842A (en) | Thermostatic control LED shed light | |
| CN206018343U (en) | A kind of LED illumination device with radiator fan | |
| CN205938741U (en) | LED stage lamp of temperature self -adaptive control | |
| CN202992785U (en) | Self-generating and active cooling LED (light-emitting diode) light | |
| CN201499351U (en) | Lamp | |
| CN202203694U (en) | Radiating type light-emitting diode (LED) bulb lamp | |
| CN104747957A (en) | High-power LED (light-emitting diode) lamp | |
| CN204717436U (en) | The LED bay light of temperature control regulating power | |
| CN202647311U (en) | LED (Light-Emitting Diode) lamp | |
| CN202561574U (en) | Over-temperature protection light-emitting diode (LED) mining lamp | |
| CN209246027U (en) | A kind of heat dissipation structure of LED lamp based on semiconductor cooler | |
| CN208936124U (en) | A kind of LED lamps cooling control system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20130703 |