CN103184990B - Oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump - Google Patents

Oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump Download PDF

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CN103184990B
CN103184990B CN201310082079.2A CN201310082079A CN103184990B CN 103184990 B CN103184990 B CN 103184990B CN 201310082079 A CN201310082079 A CN 201310082079A CN 103184990 B CN103184990 B CN 103184990B
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plunger
swash plate
pure water
cylinder
oblique
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CN103184990A (en
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聂松林
尹方龙
刘华江
张振华
王震
张小军
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,采用锥形缸体的球面配流式结构。柱塞与传动轴成一夹角,柱塞相对传动主轴成圆锥形布局,工作时产生的向心力有利于柱塞的回程。主轴通过花键与锥形缸体相连,柱塞与滑靴通过球头配合。球铰和锥形缸体之间采用碟形弹簧压紧,提供柱塞工作过程中的回程力,并实现滑靴副以及配流副的密封。配流盘采用球面配流结构,工作时有利于平衡锥形缸体产生的颠覆力矩,提高锥形缸体与配流盘的自位性;锥形缸体和球面配流盘结构使配流盘的配流窗口节圆直径减小,降低吸水流速,增强泵自吸能力。该泵以过滤后的淡水或海水作为工作介质,克服了现有纯水液压柱塞泵自吸能力差、回程困难的问题,具有明显的技术优势。

The invention relates to an inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, which adopts a spherical flow distribution structure of a conical cylinder body. The plunger forms an included angle with the transmission shaft, and the plunger forms a conical layout relative to the transmission shaft. The centripetal force generated during work is beneficial to the return stroke of the plunger. The main shaft is connected with the tapered cylinder through the spline, and the plunger and the sliding shoe are matched through the ball joint. The disc spring is pressed between the ball joint and the conical cylinder to provide the return force of the plunger during the working process and realize the sealing of the sliding shoe pair and the distribution pair. The distribution plate adopts a spherical distribution structure, which is conducive to balancing the overturning moment generated by the conical cylinder and improving the self-positioning of the conical cylinder and the distribution plate; the structure of the conical cylinder and the spherical distribution plate makes the distribution window of the distribution plate The diameter of the circle is reduced to reduce the water suction flow rate and enhance the self-priming ability of the pump. The pump uses filtered fresh water or sea water as the working medium, which overcomes the problems of poor self-priming ability and difficult return stroke of existing pure water hydraulic plunger pumps, and has obvious technical advantages.

Description

倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵Inclined plunger pure water hydraulic swash plate pump

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,可作为动力元件应用于纯水液压传动系统中,属于流体传动与控制技术领域。The invention relates to an inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, which can be used as a power element in a pure water hydraulic transmission system and belongs to the technical field of fluid transmission and control.

背景技术Background technique

纯水液压技术是以天然淡水或海水代替矿物油作为液压系统工作介质的一门新技术。近年来,基于安全卫生、节约能源、保护环境和海洋开发的日益重视,纯水液压技术的研究已成为国际液压界的一大前沿研究课题。与使用其他类型介质的液压传动相比,纯水液压传动具有以下优点:Pure water hydraulic technology is a new technology that uses natural fresh water or sea water instead of mineral oil as the working medium of the hydraulic system. In recent years, based on the increasing emphasis on safety and sanitation, energy conservation, environmental protection and ocean development, the research on pure water hydraulic technology has become a frontier research topic in the international hydraulic industry. Compared with hydraulic transmission using other types of media, pure water hydraulic transmission has the following advantages:

(1)环境友好、无污染。一般泄漏的水不需要回收,且不会对环境造成污染,避免了使用油作为介质时与环境不相容等问题,实现了传动过程的“绿色”化。(1) Environmentally friendly and pollution-free. Generally, the leaked water does not need to be recycled, and will not pollute the environment. It avoids the problem of incompatibility with the environment when using oil as the medium, and realizes the "green" of the transmission process.

(2)阻燃性好、不燃烧。由于水的理化特性,不用担心泄漏后会引发火灾等严重事故。(2) Good flame retardancy, non-combustible. Due to the physical and chemical properties of water, there is no need to worry about serious accidents such as fires after leakage.

(3)成本低、储存运输方便。水资源分布广、取用方便,所以无需特别储存和输运,节约了开支,相应地提高了效益。(3) Low cost, convenient storage and transportation. Water resources are widely distributed and easy to use, so there is no need for special storage and transportation, which saves expenses and improves efficiency accordingly.

(4)纯水液压系统结构简单、维护方便。(4) The pure water hydraulic system has a simple structure and is easy to maintain.

水液压泵是纯水液压传动系统的核心,目前应用较多的水液压泵有离心泵,二柱塞泵和三柱塞泵。离心泵具有压力低,噪声大等缺点,不能完全满足纯水液压传动系统泵源要求;二柱塞泵和三柱塞泵具有流量小,体积庞大,振动噪声大等缺点,也不能广泛用于各种纯水液压传动系统。斜盘式柱塞泵和斜轴式柱塞泵具有高压大流量,体积小,维修方便,能满足噪声振动要求等优点而备受世界各国学者关注。发达国家已经研制出较为成熟的产品,并占领了相当一部分市场。The water hydraulic pump is the core of the pure water hydraulic transmission system. Currently, the most widely used water hydraulic pumps include centrifugal pumps, two-piston pumps and three-piston pumps. Centrifugal pumps have disadvantages such as low pressure and high noise, and cannot fully meet the pump source requirements of pure water hydraulic transmission systems; two-plunger pumps and three-plunger pumps have disadvantages such as small flow, large volume, and large vibration and noise, and cannot be widely used. Various pure water hydraulic transmission systems. The swash plate plunger pump and the inclined shaft plunger pump have the advantages of high pressure and large flow, small size, convenient maintenance, and can meet the requirements of noise and vibration, and have attracted the attention of scholars all over the world. Developed countries have developed relatively mature products and occupied a considerable part of the market.

丹麦的Danfoss系列泵,英国的TWHC和Fenner系列泵普遍采用斜盘式盘配流结构,均已市场化。然而这几种泵对工作介质的过滤精度要求太高(一般为≤10um),抗污染能力和自吸能力较差。The Danfoss series pumps in Denmark, the TWHC and Fenner series pumps in the UK generally adopt the swash plate type plate flow distribution structure, and have all been marketed. However, these types of pumps have too high requirements on the filtration accuracy of the working medium (generally ≤10um), and their anti-pollution ability and self-priming ability are poor.

我国在这一技术领域还处于研制阶段,研制出来的样机还不够成熟,尚不能产品化。中国专利(CN 1554869A)公开了一种全水润滑端面配流的纯水液压轴向柱塞泵或马达,该泵采用缸外轴承支撑锥形缸体,柱塞副采用间隙密封,加工难度大,抗污染能力较差。Our country is still in the research and development stage in this technical field, and the prototypes developed are not mature enough to be commercialized yet. Chinese patent (CN 1554869A) discloses a pure water hydraulic axial plunger pump or motor with full water lubricated end face distribution. The pump adopts the outer bearing of the cylinder to support the tapered cylinder, and the plunger pair adopts gap seal, which is difficult to process. Poor anti-pollution ability.

中国专利(CN 102155370A)公开了一种纯水液压通轴式球面配流轴向柱塞泵,该泵采用前后两个滑动轴承支撑主轴,球面配流结构。从公布的结构图来看,前后轴承都处于密闭容腔中,不能与壳体腔中的水形成循环,前后轴承均得不到有效的润滑、冷却。在泵的工作过程中势必造成前后轴承的严重磨损失效,实用性不强。Chinese patent (CN 102155370A) discloses a pure water hydraulic through-shaft spherical flow distribution axial plunger pump, which uses two front and rear sliding bearings to support the main shaft and a spherical flow distribution structure. Judging from the published structural diagram, the front and rear bearings are in a closed cavity, which cannot circulate with the water in the housing cavity, and the front and rear bearings cannot be effectively lubricated and cooled. In the working process of the pump, it will inevitably cause severe wear and failure of the front and rear bearings, and the practicability is not strong.

中国专利(CN 102141022A)公开了一种双斜盘阀配流轴向柱塞式水液压屏蔽泵,该泵工作时转子带动锥形缸体转动,配流阀在锥形缸体中随之转动,而配流副旋转容易造成泵吸水不足。因此该种泵自吸能力较差,转速很难提高。Chinese patent (CN 102141022A) discloses a double swash plate valve distribution axial plunger type water hydraulic shielded pump. When the pump works, the rotor drives the conical cylinder to rotate, and the distribution valve rotates in the conical cylinder. The rotation of the distribution pair is likely to cause insufficient water suction of the pump. Therefore, the self-priming ability of this kind of pump is poor, and the speed is difficult to increase.

中国专利(CN 102734109)公开了一种全水润滑阀配流柱塞水泵,该泵工作时主轴带动斜盘旋转,并采用滚子轴承支撑。该种泵工作时斜盘存在动不平衡的问题,且滚子轴承不适合用于全水润滑的场合。Chinese patent (CN 102734109) discloses a kind of all-water lubricated valve distribution plunger water pump, the main shaft drives the swash plate to rotate when the pump is working, and is supported by roller bearings. When this kind of pump is working, the swash plate has a problem of dynamic unbalance, and the roller bearing is not suitable for the occasion of full water lubrication.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有纯水液压柱塞泵结构复杂,自吸能力差,流体噪声大,滑动轴承容易失效等缺点,为纯水压传动系统提供足够压力、流量的高压水。本发明提供一种倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,通过合理的结构设计,提高了纯水液压柱塞泵的自吸能力,改善关键部件的工况,实用性很强。In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing pure water hydraulic plunger pumps such as complex structure, poor self-priming ability, large fluid noise, and easy failure of sliding bearings, it provides high-pressure water with sufficient pressure and flow for the pure water hydraulic transmission system. The invention provides an inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump. Through reasonable structural design, the self-priming ability of the pure water hydraulic plunger pump is improved, the working conditions of key components are improved, and the utility model is very strong.

本发明采用如下技术手段,一种倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,其中前端盖3、壳体10、后端盖16连接为一体;主轴1与锥形缸体11连接,构成主轴-锥形缸体组件;前滑动轴承28镶嵌在前端盖3中,与主轴1相连;后支撑轴15与后端盖16过盈连接,后滑动轴承12镶嵌在锥形缸体11内部;前滑动轴承28和后滑动轴承12的轴瓦上均开设螺旋通水沟槽13;主轴1上设置有十字通水孔B22和径向通水孔25,后支撑轴上设有十字通水孔A14,前端盖3开设有环形通水槽5、斜向通水孔4和轴向通水孔27,将前滑动轴承28、后滑动轴承12的润滑沟槽与壳体10的空腔相通。The present invention adopts the following technical means, an inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, in which the front end cover 3, the housing 10, and the rear end cover 16 are connected as one; the main shaft 1 is connected with the tapered cylinder body 11 to form the main shaft- Tapered cylinder assembly; the front sliding bearing 28 is embedded in the front end cover 3 and connected to the main shaft 1; the rear support shaft 15 is in interference connection with the rear end cover 16, and the rear sliding bearing 12 is embedded in the inside of the tapered cylinder 11; the front sliding The bearing bushes of the bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 are provided with spiral water passage grooves 13; the main shaft 1 is provided with cross water passage holes B22 and radial water passage holes 25, and the rear support shaft is provided with cross water passage holes A14. The cover 3 is provided with an annular water channel 5 , an oblique water hole 4 and an axial water hole 27 , which connect the lubricating grooves of the front sliding bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 with the cavity of the housing 10 .

球铰8一端与回程盘7内圆配合构成球铰副,回程盘7上均匀分布若干个孔,将相同数目的滑靴23贴紧在斜盘6上;球铰8另一端与锥形缸体11通过碟形弹簧24相连。One end of the spherical hinge 8 cooperates with the inner circle of the return disk 7 to form a spherical hinge pair. Several holes are evenly distributed on the return disk 7, and the same number of sliding shoes 23 are attached to the swash plate 6; the other end of the spherical hinge 8 is connected to the tapered cylinder. The bodies 11 are connected by disc springs 24 .

缸孔19与主轴1的中心线成一夹角均匀分布,每个缸孔19中过盈压入一个缸套20,柱塞21球头与滑靴23球窝构成柱塞组件,缸套20与柱塞组件构成柱塞副;柱塞21通过对应的缸孔19与配流盘17上的腰形槽17.2相通;锥形缸体底端内球面11.1与配流盘外球面17.1构成球面配流副;配流盘17由螺钉18安装于后端盖16上,反面装配O型密封圈实现密封。The cylinder holes 19 and the center line of the main shaft 1 are evenly distributed at an angle, and a cylinder liner 20 is press-fitted into each cylinder hole 19, and the ball head of the plunger 21 and the ball socket of the sliding shoe 23 form a plunger assembly. The plunger assembly constitutes a plunger pair; the plunger 21 communicates with the waist-shaped groove 17.2 on the distribution plate 17 through the corresponding cylinder hole 19; the inner spherical surface 11.1 at the bottom of the conical cylinder and the outer spherical surface 17.1 of the distribution plate form a spherical flow distribution pair; the flow distribution The disk 17 is installed on the rear end cover 16 by screws 18, and an O-ring is assembled on the reverse side to realize sealing.

本发明中缸孔19与主轴1中心线的夹角为1°~15°。In the present invention, the included angle between the cylinder hole 19 and the centerline of the main shaft 1 is 1°-15°.

本发明轴承副的实现方式:前滑动轴承28、后滑动轴承12均由高分子复合材料或陶瓷等耐磨材料制成后过盈装配到前端盖3、锥形缸体11上,或采用注塑工艺,在前端盖3、锥形缸体11上直接将高分子复合材料注塑成型;轴瓦上均开设螺旋通水沟槽13,沟槽通过前端盖3开设的环形通水槽5、斜向通水孔4和轴向通水孔27,与壳体10的空腔相通。使得轴承内部的流体能够与壳体腔中的流体形成循环流动,充分实现了轴承的润滑和冷却。The realization of the bearing pair of the present invention: the front sliding bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 are all made of wear-resistant materials such as polymer composite materials or ceramics, and then they are interference-fitted on the front end cover 3 and the tapered cylinder body 11, or by injection molding process, the polymer composite material is directly injected into the front end cover 3 and the conical cylinder 11; the bearing bush is provided with a spiral water channel 13, and the groove passes through the annular water channel 5 opened by the front end cover 3, and the oblique water channel The hole 4 and the axial water hole 27 communicate with the cavity of the housing 10 . The fluid inside the bearing can form a circulating flow with the fluid in the casing cavity, fully realizing the lubrication and cooling of the bearing.

本发明柱塞副的实现方式:缸套20采用耐蚀合金或者陶瓷材料制成,耐蚀合金制成的缸套20经过热处理提高其硬度和耐磨性,并对其内圆进行表面强化处理;柱塞基体21.1表面镶嵌一个由高分子复合材料制成的柱塞套21.2,并由压紧螺母21.4固定,锁紧螺母由销钉21.5进行轴向限位;柱塞21的柱塞孔中过盈压入堵塞棒21.3,减小柱塞空腔的体积。The implementation of the plunger pair of the present invention: the cylinder liner 20 is made of corrosion-resistant alloy or ceramic material, and the cylinder liner 20 made of corrosion-resistant alloy is heat-treated to improve its hardness and wear resistance, and its inner circle is subjected to surface strengthening treatment The surface of the plunger base 21.1 is inlaid with a plunger sleeve 21.2 made of polymer composite material, and is fixed by a compression nut 21.4, and the lock nut is axially limited by a pin 21.5; the plunger hole of the plunger 21 passes through The excess pressure enters the plugging rod 21.3 to reduce the volume of the plunger cavity.

本发明滑靴副的实现方式:滑靴23包括开设了多个螺纹孔的金属基体,在基体上注塑一层高分子复合材料层,用于摩擦面,与斜盘6构成滑靴副。斜盘6采用耐蚀合金材料制成,并通过热处理和表面改性处理提高其摩擦斜面的硬度和耐磨性。Implementation of the shoe pair in the present invention: the shoe 23 includes a metal substrate provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and a layer of polymer composite material is injection-molded on the substrate for the friction surface, and constitutes a shoe pair with the swash plate 6 . The swash plate 6 is made of corrosion-resistant alloy material, and the hardness and wear resistance of the friction slope are improved through heat treatment and surface modification.

本发明配流副的实现方式:配流盘17包括开设了多个螺纹孔的金属基体,在基体上注塑一层高分子复合材料层,将配流盘正面加工成外球面17.1用于摩擦面;锥形缸体底端内球面11.1通过热处理和表面改性处理提高其硬度和耐磨性,与配流盘外球面17.1构成配流副。The realization of the distribution pair of the present invention: the distribution plate 17 includes a metal base with a plurality of threaded holes, a layer of polymer composite material is injected on the base, and the front of the distribution plate is processed into an outer spherical surface 17.1 for friction surface; The inner spherical surface 11.1 at the bottom of the cylinder body is heat-treated and surface-modified to improve its hardness and wear resistance, and forms a flow distribution pair with the outer spherical surface 17.1 of the distribution plate.

本发明采用的高分子复合材料为PEEK或其它耐磨级工程塑料,堵塞棒21.3材质为尼龙或者其它工程塑料,耐蚀合金为不锈钢或者钛合金材料。The polymer composite material used in the present invention is PEEK or other wear-resistant engineering plastics, the material of the plugging rod 21.3 is nylon or other engineering plastics, and the corrosion-resistant alloy is stainless steel or titanium alloy.

本发明可以取得如下有益效果:The present invention can obtain following beneficial effect:

1.轴承副采用螺旋润滑沟槽结构,且润滑槽内的流体与泵体内的流体构成循环,有利于轴承的润滑、冷却,提高了轴承的使用寿命和工作可靠性。1. The bearing pair adopts a spiral lubricating groove structure, and the fluid in the lubricating groove and the fluid in the pump body form a cycle, which is beneficial to the lubrication and cooling of the bearing, and improves the service life and working reliability of the bearing.

2.采用半轴式结构,前轴承支撑主轴,后缸内轴承支撑锥形缸体,轴承布置合理,使得前后轴承PV值均匀分布,避免了轴承由于受力不均造成的严重磨损。同时后滑动轴承能够平衡配流盘的颠覆力矩,提高了泵的工作平稳性。2. The semi-shaft structure is adopted, the front bearing supports the main shaft, and the rear inner bearing supports the tapered cylinder body. The bearing layout is reasonable, which makes the PV value of the front and rear bearings evenly distributed, and avoids serious wear of the bearings due to uneven force. At the same time, the rear sliding bearing can balance the overturning moment of the valve plate, which improves the working stability of the pump.

3.柱塞相对传动主轴成圆锥形布局,工作时产生的向心力有利于柱塞的回程,锥形缸体使配流盘的配流窗口节圆直径减小,降低吸水流速,增强自吸能力,降低流体噪声。3. The plunger is arranged in a conical shape relative to the drive shaft. The centripetal force generated during work is beneficial to the return stroke of the plunger. The conical cylinder reduces the pitch circle diameter of the distribution window of the distribution plate, reduces the water absorption flow rate, enhances the self-priming capacity, and reduces Fluid noise.

4.采用球面配流结构,工作时有利于平衡锥形缸体产生的颠覆力矩,提高锥形缸体与配流盘的自位性,取消了现有斜盘式水压柱塞泵的浮动衬板结构,减小加工难度,使泵的结构更加紧凑。4. The spherical distribution structure is adopted, which is beneficial to balance the overturning moment generated by the conical cylinder during work, improves the self-positioning of the conical cylinder and the distribution plate, and cancels the floating liner of the existing swash plate hydraulic plunger pump The structure reduces the difficulty of processing and makes the structure of the pump more compact.

5.采用碟形弹簧提供滑靴副、配流副的预压紧力和柱塞的回程力,克服了其它水压柱塞泵采用的圆柱螺旋弹簧易失效的缺点,增强了泵回程弹簧的工作寿命和可靠性。5. Disc springs are used to provide the pre-compression force of the sliding shoe pair and the distribution pair and the return force of the plunger, which overcomes the shortcoming of the cylindrical coil springs used in other hydraulic plunger pumps that are prone to failure, and enhances the work of the pump return spring longevity and reliability.

6.主要摩擦副均采用高分子符合材料与耐蚀合金或者陶瓷配对,能够满足纯水液压泵对关键摩擦副摩擦磨损、耐蚀性的要求。6. The main friction pairs are all made of polymer composite materials and matched with corrosion-resistant alloys or ceramics, which can meet the requirements of pure water hydraulic pumps for friction, wear and corrosion resistance of key friction pairs.

7.滑靴、配流盘的金属基体上均开设了多个螺纹小孔,使注塑后的高分子复合材料嵌入螺纹小孔,增强了注塑层与金属基体之间的联结力。7. A number of small threaded holes are opened on the metal substrate of the sliding shoe and the distribution plate, so that the injected polymer composite material can be embedded in the threaded small holes, and the connection between the injection layer and the metal substrate is enhanced.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

图2为锥形缸体结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tapered cylinder;

图3为配流盘结构示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distribution plate;

图4为柱塞副的结构示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the plunger pair.

图中:1主轴,2轴封,3前端盖,4斜向通水孔,5环形通水槽,6斜盘,7回程盘,8球铰,9排气螺塞,10壳体,11锥形缸体,11.1内球面,12后滑动轴承,13螺旋通水沟槽,14十字通水槽A,15后支撑轴,16后端盖,17配流盘,17.1外球面,17.2腰形槽,16.3高压腰形槽,18螺钉,19缸孔,20缸套,21柱塞,21.1柱塞基体,21.2柱塞套,21.3堵塞棒,21.4锁紧螺母,22十字通水孔B,23滑靴,24碟形弹簧,25径向通水孔,26定位销,27轴向通水孔,28前滑动轴承。In the figure: 1 main shaft, 2 shaft seal, 3 front end cover, 4 oblique water hole, 5 annular water channel, 6 swash plate, 7 return plate, 8 spherical hinge, 9 exhaust screw plug, 10 shell, 11 cone shaped cylinder, 11.1 inner spherical surface, 12 rear sliding bearing, 13 spiral water channel, 14 cross channel A, 15 rear support shaft, 16 rear end cover, 17 distribution plate, 17.1 outer spherical surface, 17.2 waist groove, 16.3 High-pressure waist groove, 18 screws, 19 cylinder bore, 20 cylinder liner, 21 plunger, 21.1 plunger base, 21.2 plunger sleeve, 21.3 plugging rod, 21.4 lock nut, 22 cross water hole B, 23 sliding shoe, 24 disk springs, 25 radial water holes, 26 positioning pins, 27 axial water holes, 28 front sliding bearings.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明的部分实施例中的附图1~4,对本发明的实施方式作更加详细地说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明所有实施例的一部分。本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下,从本发明公开的内容中直接获得或者联想到的其他实施例,均属于本发明的保护范围。The implementation of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 4 in some embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of all embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained directly or associatively from the disclosure of the present invention by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

本发明实施例提供一种倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵。如图1所示,前端盖3、壳体10、后端盖16连接为一体;主轴1与锥形缸体11连接,构成主轴-锥形缸体组件;前滑动轴承28镶嵌在前端盖3中,与主轴1相连;后支撑轴15与后端盖16过盈连接,后滑动轴承12镶嵌在锥形缸体11内部;前滑动轴承28和后滑动轴承12的轴瓦上均开设螺旋通水沟槽13;主轴1上设置有十字通水孔B 22和径向通水孔25,后支撑轴上设有十字通水孔A 14,前端盖3开设有环形通水槽5、斜向通水孔4和轴向通水孔27,将前滑动轴承28、后滑动轴承12的润滑沟槽与壳体10的空腔相通。壳体10上安装有螺塞9,在泵未工作时打开,排出空气,防止气蚀的产生,使用轴封2对主轴1进行端面密封。An embodiment of the present invention provides an inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump. As shown in Figure 1, the front end cover 3, the housing 10, and the rear end cover 16 are connected as one; the main shaft 1 is connected with the tapered cylinder 11 to form a main shaft-tapered cylinder assembly; the front sliding bearing 28 is embedded in the front end cover 3 In the middle, it is connected with the main shaft 1; the rear support shaft 15 is in interference connection with the rear end cover 16, and the rear sliding bearing 12 is embedded in the inside of the tapered cylinder body 11; Groove 13; main shaft 1 is provided with cross water hole B 22 and radial water hole 25, rear support shaft is provided with cross water hole A 14, front end cover 3 is provided with annular water channel 5, oblique water channel The hole 4 and the axial water hole 27 communicate the lubricating grooves of the front sliding bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 with the cavity of the housing 10 . A screw plug 9 is installed on the casing 10, which is opened when the pump is not working to discharge air and prevent cavitation, and the shaft seal 2 is used to seal the end face of the main shaft 1.

球铰8一端与回程盘7内圆配合构成球铰副,回程盘7上均匀分布若干个孔,将相同数目的滑靴23贴紧在斜盘6上;球铰8另一端与锥形缸体11通过碟形弹簧24相连。One end of the spherical hinge 8 cooperates with the inner circle of the return disk 7 to form a spherical hinge pair. Several holes are evenly distributed on the return disk 7, and the same number of sliding shoes 23 are attached to the swash plate 6; the other end of the spherical hinge 8 is connected to the tapered cylinder. The bodies 11 are connected by disc springs 24 .

缸孔19与主轴1的中心线成一夹角均匀分布,每个缸孔19中过盈压入一个缸套20,柱塞21球头与滑靴23球窝构成柱塞组件,缸套20与柱塞组件构成柱塞副;柱塞21通过对应的缸孔19与配流盘17上的腰形槽17.2相通;锥形缸体底端内球面11.1与配流盘外球面17.1构成球面配流副;配流盘17由螺钉18安装于后端盖16上,反面装配O型密封圈实现密封。The cylinder holes 19 and the center line of the main shaft 1 are evenly distributed at an angle, and a cylinder liner 20 is press-fitted into each cylinder hole 19, and the ball head of the plunger 21 and the ball socket of the sliding shoe 23 form a plunger assembly. The plunger assembly constitutes a plunger pair; the plunger 21 communicates with the waist-shaped groove 17.2 on the distribution plate 17 through the corresponding cylinder hole 19; the inner spherical surface 11.1 at the bottom of the conical cylinder and the outer spherical surface 17.1 of the distribution plate form a spherical flow distribution pair; the flow distribution The disk 17 is installed on the rear end cover 16 by screws 18, and an O-ring is assembled on the reverse side to realize sealing.

倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,其缸孔19与主轴1中心线的夹角为1°~15°。In the inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, the included angle between the cylinder bore 19 and the centerline of the main shaft 1 is 1°-15°.

倾斜柱塞式纯水液压斜盘泵,其吸排水以及润滑、冷却工作过程如下:泵起动前,工作水由泵的进水口流入壳体10的空腔,壳体腔中的低压水分别由主轴上的十字通水孔B 22,前端盖3上的环形通水槽5、轴向通水孔27、斜向通水孔4进入后滑动轴承12、前滑动轴承28的螺旋通水沟槽13中,并使得整个泵体的空腔均匀地充满工作介质水;泵工作时,壳体10中的水经过配流盘17上的腰形槽17.2,由柱塞21吸入柱塞腔,当柱塞运动到斜盘上死点时,吸水结束;柱塞21转过上死点之后,开始排水过程。此时泵腔中的低压水一边由柱塞21经配流盘腰形槽17.2从泵的出水口排出泵体,一边又从泵的进水口处不断得到补充。形成了泵腔内水的流动循环效应,将各摩擦副工作时产生的热量带走,有利于摩擦副的润滑、冷却。由于柱塞21相对主轴1成圆锥形布局,因此工作时产生的向心力有利于柱塞21的回程,锥形缸体11使配流盘17的配流窗口节圆直径减小,降低吸水流速,增强自吸能力,降低流体噪声。Inclined plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, its suction and drainage, lubrication and cooling work process is as follows: before the pump starts, the working water flows into the cavity of the casing 10 from the water inlet of the pump, and the low-pressure water in the casing cavity is respectively pumped by the main shaft The cross water hole B 22 on the top, the annular water groove 5 on the front end cover 3, the axial water hole 27, and the oblique water hole 4 enter the spiral water groove 13 of the rear sliding bearing 12 and the front sliding bearing 28 , and make the cavity of the whole pump body evenly filled with working medium water; when the pump is working, the water in the casing 10 passes through the waist-shaped groove 17.2 on the distribution plate 17, and is sucked into the plunger cavity by the plunger 21, when the plunger moves When reaching the top dead center of the swash plate, the water absorption ends; after the plunger 21 turns over the top dead center, the drainage process starts. Now the low-pressure water in the pump chamber is discharged from the pump body through the waist-shaped groove 17.2 of the distribution plate by the plunger 21 on one side, and is continuously replenished from the water inlet of the pump on the one hand. The flow circulation effect of water in the pump chamber is formed, and the heat generated by each friction pair is taken away, which is beneficial to the lubrication and cooling of the friction pair. Since the plunger 21 has a conical layout relative to the main shaft 1, the centripetal force generated during work is beneficial to the return stroke of the plunger 21. The conical cylinder 11 reduces the pitch circle diameter of the flow distribution window of the flow distribution plate 17, reduces the water absorption flow rate, and enhances self-improvement. Suction capacity, reduce fluid noise.

本发明柱塞副的实现方式:如图4所示,柱塞基体21.1采用耐蚀合金制成,表面镶嵌一个由高分子复合材料制成的柱塞套21.2,并由锁紧螺母21.4固定锁紧,保证柱塞套21.2在泵运转过程中不脱落;锁紧螺母由销钉21.5进行轴向限位;柱塞21的柱塞孔中过盈压入堵塞棒21.3,减小柱塞空腔的体积。与柱塞21配合的缸套20采用耐蚀合金或者陶瓷材料制成,并通过热处理以及对内圆的表面强化处理提高其硬度和耐磨性。The implementation of the plunger pair of the present invention: as shown in Figure 4, the plunger base 21.1 is made of corrosion-resistant alloy, the surface is inlaid with a plunger sleeve 21.2 made of polymer composite material, and the lock nut 21.4 is used to fix the lock tight to ensure that the plunger sleeve 21.2 does not fall off during the operation of the pump; the lock nut is axially limited by the pin 21.5; the plugging rod 21.3 is pressed into the plunger hole of the plunger 21 to reduce the volume. The cylinder liner 20 matched with the plunger 21 is made of corrosion-resistant alloy or ceramic material, and its hardness and wear resistance are improved through heat treatment and surface strengthening treatment of the inner circle.

本发明轴承副的实现方式:前滑动轴承28、后滑动轴承12均由高分子复合材料或陶瓷等耐磨材料制成后过盈装配到前端盖3、锥形缸体11上,或采用注塑工艺,在前端盖3、锥形缸体11上直接将高分子复合材料注塑成型;轴瓦上均开设螺旋通水沟槽13,沟槽通过前端盖3开设的环形通水槽5、斜向通水孔4和轴向通水孔27,与壳体10的空腔相通。使得轴承内部的流体能够与壳体腔中的流体形成循环流动,滑动轴承得到充分的润滑和冷却。The realization of the bearing pair of the present invention: the front sliding bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 are all made of wear-resistant materials such as polymer composite materials or ceramics, and then they are interference-fitted on the front end cover 3 and the tapered cylinder body 11, or by injection molding process, the polymer composite material is directly injected into the front end cover 3 and the conical cylinder 11; the bearing bush is provided with a spiral water channel 13, and the groove passes through the annular water channel 5 opened by the front end cover 3, and the oblique water channel The hole 4 and the axial water hole 27 communicate with the cavity of the housing 10 . The fluid inside the bearing can form a circulating flow with the fluid in the casing cavity, and the sliding bearing can be fully lubricated and cooled.

本发明端面摩擦副自动补偿的实现方式:碟形弹簧24两端分别与球铰8、锥形缸体11相接触。在弹簧力作用下,锥形缸体11可在轴向产生微量的浮动,当锥形缸体受到斜盘6产生的颠覆力矩而发生轴向微小倾斜时,由于锥形缸体底端内球面11.1和配流盘外球面17.1结构的存在,在弹簧力的作用下补偿轴向偏载产生的倾斜,保证锥形缸体11始终与配流盘17贴紧,自动补偿锥形缸体11与配流盘17之间的间隙,减小泄漏量;当滑靴23、配流盘17端面磨损量增大时,在碟形弹簧24的作用下,滑靴23和斜盘6、配流盘17和锥形缸体11再一次贴紧,补偿磨损量。The realization method of the automatic compensation of the end surface friction pair of the present invention: the two ends of the disc spring 24 are in contact with the ball joint 8 and the tapered cylinder 11 respectively. Under the action of the spring force, the conical cylinder 11 can produce a small amount of floating in the axial direction. When the conical cylinder is subjected to the overturning moment generated by the swash plate 6 and slightly tilted in the axial direction, due to the inner spherical surface at the bottom of the conical cylinder The structure of 11.1 and the outer spherical surface of the distribution plate 17.1 compensates the inclination caused by the axial partial load under the action of the spring force, ensuring that the conical cylinder 11 is always close to the distribution plate 17, and automatically compensates the conical cylinder 11 and the distribution plate 17 to reduce the amount of leakage; when the wear amount of the end face of the sliding shoe 23 and the distribution plate 17 increases, under the action of the disc spring 24, the sliding shoe 23 and the swash plate 6, the distribution plate 17 and the tapered cylinder Body 11 fits tightly again, compensating for wear.

本发明配流副的实现方式:配流盘17包括开设了多个螺纹孔的金属基体,在基体上注塑一层高分子复合材料层,将配流盘正面加工成外球面17.1用于摩擦面;锥形缸体底端内球面11.1通过热处理和表面改性处理(氮化、激光熔覆陶瓷等)提高其硬度和耐磨性,与配流盘外球面17.1构成配流副。The realization of the distribution pair of the present invention: the distribution plate 17 includes a metal base with a plurality of threaded holes, a layer of polymer composite material is injected on the base, and the front of the distribution plate is processed into an outer spherical surface 17.1 for friction surface; The inner spherical surface 11.1 at the bottom of the cylinder is heat-treated and surface modified (nitriding, laser cladding ceramics, etc.) to improve its hardness and wear resistance, and forms a distribution pair with the outer spherical surface 17.1 of the distribution plate.

本发明的滑靴23、前滑动轴承28、后滑动轴承12均可采用在金属基体上注塑一层高分子复合材料的工艺,金属基体上均开设了多个螺纹孔,使注塑后的高分子复合材料嵌入螺纹小孔,增强了注塑层与金属基体之间的联结力。The sliding shoe 23, the front sliding bearing 28 and the rear sliding bearing 12 of the present invention can all adopt the technology of injecting a layer of polymer composite material on the metal substrate, and a plurality of threaded holes are all opened on the metal substrate, so that the polymer after injection molding The composite material is embedded in the small threaded hole, which enhances the bonding force between the injection molding layer and the metal matrix.

本发明采用的高分子复合材料为PEEK或其它耐磨级工程塑料,堵塞棒21.3材质为尼龙或者其它工程塑料,耐蚀合金为不锈钢或者钛合金材料。The polymer composite material used in the present invention is PEEK or other wear-resistant engineering plastics, the material of the plugging rod 21.3 is nylon or other engineering plastics, and the corrosion-resistant alloy is stainless steel or titanium alloy.

Claims (10)

1. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump, wherein front cover (3), housing (10), rear end cover (16) connect as one; Main shaft (1) is connected with conical cylinder (11), forms main shaft-conical cylinder assembly; Front slide bearing (28) is embedded in front cover (3), is connected with main shaft (1); Rear support axle (15) is connected with rear end cover (16) interference, and it is inner that rear sliding bearing (12) is embedded in conical cylinder (11), is connected with conical cylinder (11); The bearing shell of front slide bearing (28) and rear sliding bearing (12) is all offered helical water-through groove (13); Main shaft (1) is provided with cross water port B (22) and radial water port (25), rear support axle (15) is provided with cross water port A (14), front cover (3) offers annular water-flowing trough (5), oblique water port (4) and axial water port (27), the lubricating channels of front slide bearing (28), rear sliding bearing (12) is communicated with the cavity of housing (10);
Ball pivot (8) one end coordinates with return plate (7) inner circle and forms typed ball bearing pair, and (7) are uniformly distributed several holes to return plate, are adjacent on swash plate (6) by the piston shoes (23) of identical number; Ball pivot (8) the other end is connected by belleville spring (24) with conical cylinder (11);
Cylinder holes (19) has angle with the center line of main shaft (1) and is uniformly distributed, force fit cylinder sleeve (20) in each cylinder holes (19), plunger (21) bulb and piston shoes (23) ball-and-socket form plunger assembly, and cylinder sleeve (20) and plunger assembly form trunk piston set; Plunger (21) is communicated with the kidney slot (17.2) on thrust plate (17) by corresponding cylinder holes (19); Conical cylinder bottom inner ball surface (11.1) and thrust plate outer spherical surface (17.1) form spherical port plate; Thrust plate (17) is installed on rear end cover (16) by screw (18), and reverse side assembling O RunddichtringO realizes sealing.
2. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cylinder holes (19) is 1 ° ~ 15 ° with the angle of main shaft (1) center line.
3. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described front slide bearing (28), rear sliding bearing (12) make rear elastic conjunction in front cover (3), conical cylinder (11) by polymer composite or pottery, or employing Shooting Technique, direct by polymer composite molding and forming in front cover (3), conical cylinder (11); Bearing shell is all offered helical water-through groove (13), groove offered by front cover (3) annular water-flowing trough (5), oblique water port (4) and axial water port (27), communicate with the cavity of housing (10).
4. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cylinder sleeve (20) adopts corrosion resistant alloy or stupalith to make, the cylinder sleeve (20) that corrosion resistant alloy is made improves its hardness and wear resistance through Overheating Treatment, and carries out surface Hardening Treatment to its inner circle; The plunger bushing (21.2) that plunger matrix (21.1) surface inserting one is made up of polymer composite, and by locking nut (21.4) fixing and locking, locking nut carries out axial limiting by pin (21.5); Force fit stemming rod (21.3) in the plunger hole of plunger (21), reduces the volume of plunger cavity.
5. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described piston shoes (23) comprise the metallic matrix having offered multiple tapped hole, injection moulding one deck polymer composite layer on matrix, for rubbing surface, form Slipper coupling with swash plate (6); Swash plate (6) adopts corrosion resistant alloy material to make, and improves hardness and the wear resistance on its inclined-plane by heat treatment and surface modification treatment.
6. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described thrust plate (17) comprises the metallic matrix having offered multiple tapped hole, injection moulding one deck polymer composite layer on matrix, is processed into outer spherical surface (17.1) for rubbing surface by thrust plate front; Its hardness and wear resistance are improved by heat treatment and surface modification treatment in conical cylinder bottom inner ball surface (11.1), form Port Plate Pair with thrust plate outer spherical surface (17.1).
7. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described polymer composite is PEEK or other wear-resisting level engineering plastics.
8. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 4, is characterized in that: stemming rod (21.3) material is nylon or other engineering plastics.
9. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the corrosion resistant alloy of cylinder sleeve (20) is stainless steel or titanium alloy material.
10. oblique plunger type pure water hydraulic swash plate pump according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the corrosion resistant alloy of swash plate (6) is stainless steel or titanium alloy material.
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EP0705975A1 (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-04-10 Dynex/Rivett Inc. Piston pump with improved hold-down mechanism
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