CN100394023C - Radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump belongs to the pump category, which solves the problem of selecting bearings for high-pressure water pumps and reduces the volume; the swash plate of the present invention is attached to the main shaft plate at the lower end of the main shaft, and the Sliding shoes with movable plugs; the plunger holes are evenly arranged on the cylinder body, and the plunger and the plunger holes are slidably matched; the central axis of the cylinder body is equipped with a central spring, a ball hinge and a return plate, and the slide shoes are closely attached to the inclined plate through the function of the return plate. On the plate; the rear end cover has a radial water outlet and water inlet, the central hole of the rear end cover is connected to the water outlet, and the annular groove around the central hole is connected with the water inlet; the cylinder body has a radial installation hole, which is connected with each The plunger hole corresponds to and communicates with the central concave hole of the cylinder body; the distribution valve body is installed in the installation hole; the central concave hole of the cylinder body communicates with the central hole of the rear end cover, and each installation hole communicates with the annular groove of the rear end cover. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation and replacement, good suction performance and high working efficiency, and is suitable for working occasions with high pressure and large flow.

Description

Radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump

technical field

The invention belongs to pumps, in particular to a valve-distribution axial hydraulic plunger pump.

Background technique

As the core component of the hydraulic transmission system, the hydraulic pump is designed and developed, which is the key to the development of hydraulic transmission technology. At present, there are several types of hydraulic pumps commonly used in the world, such as plunger type, vane type, and gear type. In contrast, the vane of the vane pump is in line contact with the stator and the two gears of the gear pump, the contact PV value is high, and the sealing effect is poor; the key friction pairs in the plunger pump (such as plunger/cylinder hole, sliding shoe / swash plate, flow distribution plate / cylinder end face, etc.) are mostly surface contact, and the PV value under the same working conditions is relatively small, which can realize static pressure support, and the sealing effect is good, and it is easy to increase the length of the matching gap. Reduce leakage to ensure pump efficiency. Therefore, the plunger structure is more suitable for low-viscosity media such as seawater. Most of the hydraulic pumps in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, Finland, Denmark and other countries have adopted the plunger structure.

Various axial hydraulic plunger pumps currently used can be roughly divided into three types according to their flow distribution methods: end face flow distribution, valve flow distribution, and axial flow distribution. Due to the large fit gap, water is easy to leak when used as the working medium, so it is rarely used in hydraulic pumps.

The end face distribution hydraulic plunger pump makes the water flow from the low-pressure area to the high-pressure area through the distribution window on the distribution plate through the movement between the cylinder body and the distribution plate, so as to realize the process of suction and drainage. For example, the end-face distribution axial seawater hydraulic plunger pump developed by Japan's Komatsu Manufacturing Institute in 1991. The plunger and the plunger hole of the pump are evenly distributed on a circle along the axial direction, and the reciprocating motion of the plunger is realized by the action of the swash plate and the central spring. The valve plate is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer plastic (CFRP), and the cylinder The end face of the body is made of ceramics, and all friction pairs are lubricated with sea water. The pump has the advantages of small size, light weight, and high specific power. The key friction pair of heavy load is easy to wear and fail, which brings inconvenience to maintenance and replacement. Therefore, engineering ceramic materials are mostly used for this pair of friction pair, but its processing cost is high and the design and manufacturing process is also very difficult. .

The valve-distributed axial hydraulic plunger pump realizes the water suction and drainage process by independently opening and closing the suction valve and the pressure discharge valve. Compared with the end face distribution hydraulic plunger pump, the valve distribution type hydraulic plunger pump has the advantage of reducing a pair of friction pairs (the flow distribution pair between the cylinder body and the distribution plate), which not only reduces the design and manufacturing Difficulty, and the structure of the increased distribution valve (cone valve, ball valve and flat valve) also has good sealing performance and can work under higher pressure. The existing valve-distributing hydraulic plunger pumps mostly adopt the axial arrangement form. The axial seawater plunger pump developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology for deep-diving lifeboats in 1996 is the first seawater hydraulic pump in my country. The plunger and the plunger hole of the pump are distributed along the axial circumference, and the suction valve and the discharge valve are arranged axially below the plunger hole, and through the action of the return spring and the swash plate installed in each plunger Realize the reciprocating motion of the plunger. The working pressure and volumetric efficiency of the seawater hydraulic pump are relatively high, and the work is relatively stable. It has been successfully applied to a lifeboat. However, due to the axial arrangement of its distribution valves (suction valves and discharge valves), its structure is relatively complex, and its volume is larger than other pumps with the same flow rate, and it is extremely difficult to maintain and replace valve body accessories.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides a radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump. The hydraulic pump adopts the structural form of oil-water separation and the distribution valve body is arranged radially, which solves the problem of selecting bearings for high-pressure water pumps and reduces the volume at the same time. Suitable for high-pressure, high-flow workplaces.

A radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump of the present invention includes a pump body, a cylinder body and a rear end cover connected in sequence, the main shaft is installed on the pump body through a bearing, and the lower end of the main shaft is a main shaft at a certain inclination angle with it The swash plate and the swash plate are fitted on the main shaft plate through the interference fit between the ball bearings. The distribution circle of the swash plate is evenly equipped with sliding shoes that are movably connected with the plunger; There are the same number of plunger holes, in which the plunger sleeve is embedded, and the plunger and the plunger sleeve are slidably matched; the central axis of the cylinder is provided with a ball hinge supported by a central spring, the ball hinge is embedded in the return plate, and the sliding shoe passes through the return plate The function is close to the swash plate; it is characterized in that:

The rear end cover has a radial water outlet and a water inlet, the central hole of the rear end cover is connected to the water outlet, and the central hole is surrounded by an annular groove connected to the water inlet;

The circumference of the cylinder is evenly opened with mounting holes in the radial direction, corresponding to each plunger hole, and connected to the central concave hole in the lower part of the cylinder; a flow distribution valve body is installed directly below each plunger hole in the installation hole; the flow distribution The valve body includes a distribution valve nut and a suction valve and a pressure discharge valve connected by an intermediate sleeve. The intermediate sleeve forms a common cavity, and the cavity is opened with a distribution valve port that communicates with the bottom of the plunger hole on the cylinder body; the suction valve includes a suction valve. Valve body, suction valve core and suction valve seat, one end of the suction valve body is connected to the suction valve seat, the suction valve core covered with the suction valve spring is installed on the suction valve seat, the two sides of the suction valve body The walls are respectively provided with a suction valve inlet and a suction valve port; the extrusion valve includes an extrusion valve seat, an extrusion valve core and an extrusion valve guide sleeve, and one end of the extrusion valve seat is provided with an extrusion valve water inlet, The other end is fixed on the extrusion valve guide sleeve and has an extrusion valve outlet, and the extrusion valve spool covered with the extrusion valve spring is installed on the extrusion valve guide sleeve; the suction valve water inlet and the annular groove on the rear end cover The water outlet of the pressure outlet valve is connected with the water outlet hole of the central concave hole on the cylinder body; the nut of the distribution valve is matched with the thread or flange of the installation hole to fix the suction valve and the pressure outlet valve in the installation hole;

The central concave hole at the lower part of the cylinder block communicates with the central hole of the rear end cover, and each mounting hole of the cylinder block communicates with the annular groove of the rear end cover.

The radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump is further characterized in that: the cylinder body is provided with a water diversion channel in the axial direction corresponding to each suction valve port, which is connected to the plunger and the plunger sleeve. friction surface.

Technical features of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The structure of oil-water separation is adopted, and the rubber-plastic combined seal with good wear resistance and suitable for water lubricating medium installed on the plunger sleeve is used to realize this structure, so that the sliding shoe-swash plate pair of working conditions The harsh friction pair and all rolling bearings are lubricated with oil medium, which avoids the problem of choosing bearings for high-pressure water pumps.

(2) The valve distribution structure is adopted, and the suction valve and the discharge valve are made into a distribution valve body. The number of distribution valve bodies is the same as the number of plungers, and they are arranged radially, which not only reduces the structural size of the entire pump body , to reduce the weight of the pump, and when replacing spare parts such as distribution valve cores and springs, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire pump body, just open the nuts of each distribution valve in the circumferential direction of the pump for overall replacement, which improves the maintainability of the pump. Maintenance time is shortened.

(3) The distribution valve body adopts a flat valve structure, the valve core is made of 17-4PH precipitation hardened stainless steel, the valve seat is made of imported engineering plastic TX, and the spring is made of 3J1 stainless steel wire. It has good sealing performance, fast response, and has the characteristics of small impact and low noise, and can achieve high volumetric efficiency.

(4) The swash plate of the transmission main shaft is supported by three rows of thrust cylindrical roller bearings in the front and rear, and the inner diameter of the thrust bearing is embedded with rolling bearings, which increases the rigidity of the swash plate. At the same time, the relative motion between the sliding shoe and the swash plate is almost zero, that is, the sliding shoe The friction pair bears almost no PV value.

(5) The plunger and the plunger sleeve adopt soft and hard matching, and the plunger is heat-treated with martensitic stainless steel to increase the hardness as much as possible to increase wear resistance, and it is sealed with a rubber-plastic composite seal, which effectively reduces the leakage of the pump and improves the pump performance. volumetric efficiency.

(6) The center spring-slider structure is adopted, and the plunger group (including the plunger and the slide shoe) is pushed against the swash plate through the return plate. This avoids the defects caused by the fatigue failure of a return spring added to each plunger in the point contact structure.

(7) A narrow and long water diversion channel is opened at the valve port of each suction valve to the friction surface of the plunger and the plunger sleeve. In this way, the water can flow from the suction valve port to the friction surface through the channel, which not only reduces the friction and wear between the plunger and the plunger sleeve, but also the water medium flowing from the channel to the friction surface can also act as a cooling liquid, reducing the The temperature rise between the plunger and the plunger sleeve due to the reciprocating motion of the plunger.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the distribution valve body assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of suction valve of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure-out valve of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the numbers in the figures are:

Rear end cover 1, water outlet 2, annular groove 3, distribution valve body 4, plunger 5, plunger hole 6, water diversion channel 7, friction surface 8, deep groove ball bearing 9, spring seat 10, rubber-plastic composite seal 11. Plunger sleeve 12, compression screw 13, sliding shoe 14, swash plate 15, main shaft disc 16, thrust bearing 17, angular contact ball bearing 18, front end cover screw 19, main shaft 20, oil seal ring 21, front end cover 22 , positioning hole 23, pump body 24, ball bearing 25, return plate 26, ball hinge 27, pressure plate 28, screw plug 29, center spring 30, positioning screw 31, sewage outlet 32, plug 33, cylinder body 34, center Concave hole outlet hole 35, screw hole 36, water inlet 37, distribution valve nut 38, suction valve valve port 39, suction valve 40, distribution valve port 41, extrusion valve 42, middle sleeve 43, suction valve water inlet 44, Suction valve spring 45, suction valve spool 46, suction valve seat 47, suction valve spring gasket 48, suction valve body 49, extrusion valve seat 50, extrusion valve spool 51, extrusion valve spring 52, Press out the valve water outlet 53 and the valve guide sleeve 54 .

In the cylinder body 34 of the present invention, seven plunger holes 6 are evenly distributed in the axial direction, and each plunger hole 6 is inlaid with a stainless steel metal plunger sleeve 12, and an engineering plastic sleeve is pressed into the inner wall of the plunger sleeve. To ensure its cooperation and lubrication with the plunger 5. On the main shaft 20, the main shaft disk 16 with a certain inclination angle is processed, the swash plate 15 is closely attached to the main shaft disk 16 through the cooperation with the ball bearing 25, the cylinder body 34 and the pump body 24 are connected together by the set screw 31, and the rear end cover 1 is fixedly connected with the cylinder body 34.

The distribution valve body 4 is composed of a suction valve 40 and a discharge valve 42, the number of which is the same as that of the plunger and is evenly distributed on the bottom of the cylinder body 34 in the radial direction. The suction valve 40 and the discharge valve 42 are connected by an intermediate sleeve 43, The middle sleeve 43 constitutes a common cavity, which has a flow distribution valve port 41 communicating with the bottom of the plunger hole 6, the water inlet 44 of the suction valve communicates with the annular groove 3 on the rear end cover 1, and the water outlet 53 of the extrusion valve communicates with the bottom of the plunger hole 6. The water outlet hole 35 of the central concave hole on the cylinder body 34 communicates.

A long and narrow water diversion channel 7 can be opened from each suction valve port 39 to the friction surface 8 of the plunger 5 and the plunger sleeve 12 . When the plunger is in the water-absorbing state, the water can flow from the suction valve port 39 through the water channel 7 to the friction surface 8, which can not only reduce the friction between the plunger 5 and the plunger sleeve 12, that is, dry friction becomes It is liquid friction, and the water medium flowing from the water channel 7 to the friction surface 8 can also act as a cooling liquid, reducing the temperature rise of the plunger 5 and the plunger sleeve 12 caused by the reciprocating motion of the plunger.

The pump adopts the structure of oil-water separation. The oil-water separation of the oil chamber and the water chamber in the pump is realized by the rubber-plastic composite seal 11 installed on the plunger sleeve, which has good wear resistance and is suitable for water medium lubrication. The rubber-plastic composite seal with oil-water separation on the plunger sleeve is composed of a pair of low-friction filled polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE rings and O-shaped rubber seal rings. The plunger does not contact the plunger hole, and the guide support ring serves The friction pair material (PTFE) bears the lateral force again; its thrust bearing 17, ball bearing 25, main shaft disk 16, angular contact ball bearing 18, plunger 5 head, swash plate 15 and other relative motion friction pairs are composed of Lubricating oil for lubrication.

The working process of the radial valve distribution type axial hydraulic plunger pump is as follows: when the main shaft 20 drives the swash plate 15 to rotate clockwise, the central spring 30 applies force evenly to the On each sliding shoe 14, the sliding shoe 14 always slides closely against the swash plate 15, and at the same time, the plunger 5 receives the force from the rotating swash plate 15 to the sliding shoe 14 and slides on the plunger sleeve 12 embedded in the cylinder hole. Make reciprocating motion in middle, cylinder block 34 then stand still. When the swash plate 15 moves clockwise to the upper limit position (the position of the swash plate on the right as shown in Figure 1), the pressure-out valve spools 51 in the distribution valve body 4 are all in the closed state, and the sliding shoe 14 is in the position of the return plate 26. Under the action of the pressing force, the plunger 5 is driven upward, and at the same time, the closed volume in the cavity of the plunger hole 6 increases, and the water pressure decreases. When the water pressure in the cavity drops to a certain value, the suction valve in the distribution valve body 4 The valve core 46 will be opened because the water pressure at the water inlet 37 is greater than the resultant force of the water pressure in the plunger cavity and the force of the suction valve spring 45, and the water will enter the suction valve water inlet 44 from the water inlet 37 and then flow into the column with low pressure. When the swash plate 15 moves downward to the extreme position (the position of the swash plate on the left as shown in Figure 1), the plunger 5 is moved downward by the force of the swash plate 15, and the plunger hole The volume of the cavity will gradually decrease. On the one hand, the increasing water pressure will gather the spring force of the suction valve spring 45 in the distribution valve body 4 to close the suction valve spool 46. The resultant force of the active force of 52 and the pressure of the pump water outlet 2 opens the extrusion valve spool 51, so that the high-pressure water in the plunger cavity flows into the water outlet 2 through the extrusion valve water outlet 53 and is discharged to realize the water pressing process. When the main shaft 20 drives the swash plate 15 to rotate once, each plunger 5 absorbs and presses water once. With the continuous rotation of the main shaft 20, each plunger 5 also completes the action of sucking and pressing water independently continuously, so that the water pressure The plunger pump works normally.

Claims (2)

1. radial valve orificing axial hydraulic pressure plunger pump, comprise the pump housing, cylinder body and the rear end cover that are linked in sequence, main shaft by Bearing Installation on the pump housing, the main shaft lower end is the main shaft disk that becomes certain inclination angle with it, swash plate by and ball bearing between interference fit be fitted on the main shaft disk, evenly be provided with the piston shoes that flexibly connect with plunger on the distribution circle of swash plate; Evenly be furnished with on the distribution circle of cylinder body and the same number of plunger hole of plunger, wherein embed plunger bushing, plunger and plunger bushing are slidingly matched; The ball pivot that the middle axle position setting of cylinder body is withstood by central spring, ball pivot interlocking backhaul dish, piston shoes are close on the swash plate by the effect of backhaul dish; It is characterized in that:

Rear end cover has water outlet and water inlet radially, and the rear end cover center hole is communicated with water outlet, around the circular groove of center hole for being connected with water inlet;

The cylinder body circumference radially evenly has mounting hole, and is corresponding with each plunger hole, and is communicated to inferior part of the cylinder block center shrinkage pool; In the mounting hole each plunger hole under a flow valve body respectively is installed; Described flow valve body comprises flow-distributing valve nut and the suction valve and the delivery valve that connect by middle cover, and middle cover constitutes public cavity volume, and the bottom that this cavity volume has flow valve port and cylinder body upper prop consent communicates; Suction valve comprises suction valve valve body, suction valve spool and suction valve valve seat, suction valve valve body one end is connected with the suction valve valve seat, the suction valve spool that is with inhalation valve spring is contained on the suction valve valve seat, and suction valve valve body two side has suction valve water inlet and suction valve valve port; Delivery valve comprises delivery valve valve seat, delivery valve spool and delivery valve guide pin bushing, and delivery valve valve seat one end has the delivery valve water inlet, and the other end is delivery valve guide pin bushing and have the delivery valve water outlet fixedly, and the delivery valve spool that is with the delivery valve spring is contained on the delivery valve guide pin bushing; Circular groove on suction valve water inlet and the rear end cover communicates, and the center shrinkage pool osculum on delivery valve water outlet and the cylinder body communicates; Flow-distributing valve nut and described mounting hole screw thread or flange cooperate, and suction valve and delivery valve are fixed in the mounting hole;

Inferior part of the cylinder block center shrinkage pool is communicated with the rear end cover center hole, and each mounting hole of cylinder body is communicated with the circular groove of rear end cover.

2. radial valve orificing axial hydraulic pressure plunger pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: corresponding each suction valve valve port has the diversion passage vertically on the described cylinder body, is communicated to the rubbing surface place of plunger and plunger bushing.

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