CN103176148B - Testing device and testing method for silicon steel core limit hysteresis loop - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for silicon steel core limit hysteresis loop Download PDFInfo
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- CN103176148B CN103176148B CN201310079906.2A CN201310079906A CN103176148B CN 103176148 B CN103176148 B CN 103176148B CN 201310079906 A CN201310079906 A CN 201310079906A CN 103176148 B CN103176148 B CN 103176148B
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- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005417 remagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method for a silicon steel core limit hysteresis loop. The testing device comprises an autotransformer, a customized core, a primary coil, a secondary coil, a recorder, a current probe, a voltage probe and a current limiting resistor. The primary coil and the secondary coil are wound on two sides of the customized core. A high-voltage end of the autotransformer is externally connected with an alternating current power supply. The primary coil is serially connected with the current limiting resistor and then connected with a low-voltage end of the autotransformer. A jaw type input end of the current probe is clamped on a current loop of the primary coil. An input end of the voltage probe is connected with the secondary coil. An input end of each of the current probe and the voltage probe is connected with a recoding passage of the recorder. The testing device is simple in structure, low in cost, applicable to various experiment institutions and enterprises which need to acquire feature curves of the silicon steel core limit hysteresis loop, and promising in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of under 220V ac low-voltage power supply, measure current transformer in the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, belong to electric system technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
Protective current mutual inductor is for measuring electric system abnormal running and the failure condition high-tension apparatus of electric current next time, and accurately whether, direct relation the normal operation of the secondary device such as protective relaying device and supervising device to its Output rusults.At present, the domestic P class current transformer that adopts more, such current transformer belongs to ferromagnetic formula current transformer, adopts the closed silicon steel core that silicon steel is made to form magnetic circuit, by the coupling of iron core internal magnetic field, be the little electric current of secondary being directly proportional with it by large current transformation once.As everyone knows, there is hysteresis in ferromagnetic material, in the time selecting different magnetic field intensitys (being exciting current) to carry out remagnetization, can obtain a series of magnetic hysteresis loops that vary in size.In the time of increasing magnetic field, the area that magnetic hysteresis loop surrounds increases thereupon.In the time that magnetic field intensity is enough large, this area reaches certain limit, and this magnetic hysteresis loop that surrounds maximum area is just called limit magnetic hysteresis loop.
Along with the development of electric system, the saturated problem that affects the normal operation of secondary device of P class current transformer core becomes increasingly conspicuous, when silicon steel core is saturated, there is distortion in secondary current, can not accurately reflect primary current, large quantity research and field operation experiences show, secondary device may produce wrong protection action because can not get current information accurately, cause the reason that silicon steel core is saturated mainly to comprise following several respects: in the time that electric system is broken down, the primary current of current transformer may reach tens times of normal when operation electric current even hundreds of times, and often contain the transient DC component of exponential damping form, this will make silicon steel core by one direction excitation significantly, thereby the state of saturation of entering, also have the renewal of the equipment such as current transformer often to lag behind the development of electric system rack, when just making initial design, this can ensure the undersaturated current transformer of silicon steel core under failure condition, due to the after this increase of power system capacity or the change of structure, under failure condition, there is silicon steel core saturated, often there is remanent magnetism in silicon steel core, if the polarity of the magnetic field that remanent magnetism polarity produces with fault current is identical, can make silicon steel core be more prone to saturated.
In order to assess the especially performance of P class current transformer under state of saturation of various operating modes, can adopt experiment and two kinds of means of emulation, wherein, laboratory facilities need to configure the large current source of transient state and all kinds of pick-up unit, and technical difficulty and cost are very high; The tool and method that simulation means is used mainly comprises the PSB tool box software of ATP electromagnetic transient simulation software, MATLAB, the Simulation of current transformer method based on Preisach theory; above-mentioned emulation mode all needs the limit magnetic hysteresis loop data of silicon steel core as emulation pacing items, and the Research Literature that relates to above-mentioned emulation tool is shown in doctorate paper " researchs of protective current transformer, saturated relevant issues unshakable in one's determination " and journal article " transformer simulation modeling and specificity analysis based on MATLAB ".
For technical reason, silicon steel material manufacturer does not generally directly provide limit magnetic hysteresis loop data; In addition, in the excitation curve figure that producer provides, magnetic field intensity adopts logarithmic coordinate system more, can only be used for the excitation property of qualitative observation silicon steel material, is difficult to be reduced into accurate excitation property data.So, can only test to obtain by excitation the limit magnetic hysteresis loop data of silicon steel core material, the way of generally taking is as follows: by applying exciting current at armature winding, silicon steel core is activated to state of saturation, record now excitation current waveform and secondary winding no-load voltage waveform, can obtain limit magnetic hysteresis loop data by some mathematics manipulation again, if adopt said method directly current transformer to be carried out the words of saturated excitation, will run into some technical matterss, describe as an example of an actual current mutual inductor example below, current mutual-inductor parameter is as follows: Z11 type cold-reduced silicon sheet iron core, effective magnetic circuit length 86cm, net sectional area 27cm2, no-load voltage ratio is 1:1200, by calculating, if iron core excitation is arrived saturated at secondary side (1200 circle winding side), required exciting current size is about 0.5A, induced voltage size is about 1200 volts, consider some allowances, excitation volt-ampere number will approach 1kVA, and in excitation side by the high pressure occurring more than 1kV.
In sum, owing to having occurred the high pressure of the many volts of 1kV, easily cause insulation and safety problem, had higher requirement in laboratory and experimenter, in addition, if reduce the number of turn of field copper, can reduce the induced potential of silicon steel core field copper when saturated, but cannot reduce exciting watts, needing to improve exciting current provides silicon steel core saturated required exciting watts, will cause the problems such as heating in winding is excessive and exciting current is excessive, affect the test result of excitation experiment.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention overcomes deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of under 220V ac low-voltage power supply, measure current transformer in proving installation and the method for testing of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, there is simple, the with low cost advantage of framework, the characteristic experiment mechanism and the enterprise that are applicable to the various limit magnetic hysteresis loops that need to obtain silicon steel core, have a good application prospect.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, it is characterized in that: comprise autotransformer, customization iron core, primary coil, secondary coil, oscillograph, current probe, voltage probe and current-limiting resistance, described primary coil and secondary coil are wrapped in the both sides of customization iron core, the high-pressure side external AC power supply of described autotransformer, described primary coil is connected with the low pressure end of autotransformer with after current-limiting resistance series connection, the jaw type input end of described current probe clamps on the current return of primary coil, the input end of described voltage probe is connected with secondary coil, the output terminal of described current probe and voltage probe is connected with the record ripple passage of oscillograph respectively.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: the high-pressure side external AC power supply of described autotransformer, AC power is 220V.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: the net sectional area S of described customization iron core is 5cm
2.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: when customization core sataration, and the induced voltage E on primary coil
1sat, as shown in Equation (1),
E
1sat=N
1·B
sat·S/45 (1)
Wherein, E
1satmeet 5V≤E
1sat≤ 50V, B
satfor customization iron core saturation flux close; S is the net sectional area of iron core processed.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: when customization core sataration, and the exciting current I on primary coil
1sat, as shown in Equation (2),
I
1sat=H
sat·L/N
1 (2)
Wherein, I
1satmeet I
1sat≤ 50A, H
satfor the saturation magnetic field intensity of customization iron core, L is the magnetic circuit average length of customization iron core.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: described current-limiting resistance is for limiting the exciting current I on primary coil
1satsize, resistance is 0.5 Ω.
The proving installation of aforesaid silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, is characterized in that: the effective value of the range of described current probe is 150A.
The method of testing of the proving installation of the silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop based on above-mentioned, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
The low pressure end voltage of autotransformer is adjusted to 0V by step (1), connects 220V AC power;
Step (2) arranges the sampling period of oscillograph
with the exciting current I of the first record ripple passage admission
1satfor the E of the induced voltage of X-axis, the second record ripple passage admission
1satintegration is Y-axis;
Step (3) increases the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer gradually, observes the waveform of the X-Y axle on oscillograph, in the time that the part curve on ascending branch and the decent of waveform overlaps completely, formulates core sataration, stops increasing the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer;
Step (4) is in real time by the exciting current I of the first record ripple passage admission
1satinduced voltage E with the second record ripple passage admission
1satimport to PC, establish exciting current I
1satsampling numerical value is i[k], induced voltage numerical value is u[k], k is sample sequence number;
Step (5), according to formula (3), is calculated the magnetic flux density B[k that formulates iron core],
Wherein, B[1] be initial value for integral, B[k] maximum value and minimizing absolute value equate;
Step (6), according to formula (4), is calculated the magnetic field intensity H[k that formulates iron core],
Step (7) is got the B[k in several sampling periods] and H[k] mean value;
Step (8) is by the B[k of the one-period after averaging] and H[k] make form, the data that form is corresponding are the limit magnetic hysteresis loop data of customization iron core.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop in measurement current transformer provided by the invention, can be under 220V ac low-voltage power supply the limit magnetic hysteresis loop of silicon steel core in measuring current mutual inductor, induced voltage when silicon steel core is saturated on field coil is suppressed at below 50V, exciting current is suppressed at below 50A, the too high insulation safety problem causing of induced voltage and the excessive heating problem causing of exciting current are avoided, framework is simple, the obvious advantage of the low grade of cost, be applicable to variously need to obtain core material limit magnetic hysteresis loop characteristic experiment mechanism and enterprise, have a good application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, comprise autotransformer 1, customization iron core 2, primary coil 3, secondary coil 4, oscillograph 5, current probe 6, voltage probe 7 and current-limiting resistance 8, described primary coil 3 and secondary coil 4 are wrapped in the both sides of customization iron core 2, the high-pressure side external AC power supply of autotransformer 1, AC power is 220V, primary coil 3 is connected with the low pressure end of autotransformer 1 with after current-limiting resistance 8 series connection, the jaw type input end of current probe 6 clamps on the current return of primary coil 3, the input end of voltage probe 7 is connected with secondary coil 4, the output terminal of current probe 6 and voltage probe 7 is connected with the record ripple passage of oscillograph 5 respectively.
When above-mentioned customization iron core 2 is saturated, the induced voltage E on primary coil 3
1sat, as shown in Equation (1),
E
1sat=N
1·B
sat·S/45 (1)
Wherein, E
1satmeet 5V≤E
1sat≤ 50V, B
satfor customization iron core 2 saturation flux close; S is the net sectional area of iron core processed, and net sectional area S is 5cm here
2;
When customization core sataration, the exciting current I on primary coil
1sat, as shown in Equation (2),
I
1sat=H
sat·L/N
1 (2)
Wherein, I
1satmeet I
1sat≤ 50A, H
satfor the saturation magnetic field intensity of customization iron core, L is the magnetic circuit average length of customization iron core.
Described oscillograph 5, the DL850 type oscillograph of employing Yokogawa company (YOKOGAWA), its first record ripple channel C h1 is used for enrolling the exciting current signal in primary coil 3 loops, and the second record ripple channel C h2 is used for enrolling the open-circuit voltage signal of secondary coil 4;
Described current probe 6, for enrolling the excitation current waveform in primary coil 3 loops, adopts the Current probe701930 type current probe of Yokogawa company, and the range of this model current probe is 150A(effective value);
Described voltage probe 7: for enrolling the open-circuit voltage signal of secondary coil 4, adopt the Isolated probe701929 type voltage probe of Yokogawa company.
Described current-limiting resistance 8 is for limiting the exciting current I on primary coil 3
1satsize, resistance is 0.5 Ω.
The method of testing of the proving installation based on silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop of the present invention, comprises the following steps,
The low pressure end voltage of autotransformer 1 is adjusted to 0V by step (1), connects 220V AC power;
Step (2) arranges the sampling period of oscillograph 5
with the exciting current I of the first record ripple channel C h1 admission
1satfor the E of the induced voltage of X-axis, the second record ripple channel C h2 admission
1satintegration is Y-axis;
Step (3) increases the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer 1 gradually, observe the waveform of the X-Y axle on oscillograph 5, in the time that the part curve on ascending branch and the decent of waveform overlaps completely, formulate iron core 2 saturated, stop increasing the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer 1;
Step (4) is in real time by the exciting current I of the first record ripple channel C h1 admission
1satinduced voltage E with the second record ripple channel C h2 admission
1satimport to PC, establish exciting current I
1satsampling numerical value is i[k], induced voltage numerical value is u[k], k is sample sequence number;
Step (5), according to formula (3), is calculated the magnetic flux density B[k that formulates iron core 2],
Wherein, B[1] be initial value for integral, B[k] maximum value and minimizing absolute value equate;
Step (6), according to formula (4), is calculated the magnetic field intensity H[k that formulates iron core 2],
Step (7) is got the B[k in several sampling periods] and H[k] mean value;
Step (8) is by the B[k of the one-period after averaging] and H[k] make form, the data that form is corresponding are the limit magnetic hysteresis loop data of customization iron core 2.
In sum, the present invention measures the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop in current transformer, can be under 220V ac low-voltage power supply the limit magnetic hysteresis loop of silicon steel core in measuring current mutual inductor, induced voltage when silicon steel core is saturated on field coil is suppressed at below 50V, exciting current is suppressed at below 50A, the too high insulation safety problem causing of induced voltage and the excessive heating problem causing of exciting current are avoided, framework is simple, the obvious advantage of the low grade of cost, be applicable to variously need to obtain core material limit magnetic hysteresis loop characteristic experiment mechanism and enterprise, have a good application prospect.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and instructions, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is by appending claims and equivalent circle thereof.
Claims (6)
1. the proving installation of a silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop, it is characterized in that: comprise autotransformer, customization iron core, primary coil, secondary coil, oscillograph, current probe, voltage probe and current-limiting resistance, described primary coil and secondary coil are wrapped in the both sides of customization iron core, the high-pressure side external AC power supply of described autotransformer, described primary coil is connected with the low pressure end of autotransformer with after current-limiting resistance series connection, the jaw type input end of described current probe clamps on the current return of primary coil, the input end of described voltage probe is connected with secondary coil, the output terminal of described current probe and voltage probe is connected with the record ripple passage of oscillograph respectively, the high-pressure side external AC power supply of described autotransformer, AC power is 220V, the net sectional area S of described customization iron core is 5cm
2.
2. the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when customization core sataration, and the induced voltage E on primary coil
1sat, as shown in Equation (1),
E
1sat=N
1·B
sat·S/45 (1)
Wherein, E
1satmeet 5V≤E
1sat≤ 50V, B
satfor customization iron core saturation flux close; S is the net sectional area of iron core processed.
3. the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when customization core sataration, and the exciting current I on primary coil
1sat, as shown in Equation (2),
I
1sat=H
sat·L/N
1 (2)
Wherein, I
1satmeet I
1sat≤ 50A, H
satfor the saturation magnetic field intensity of customization iron core, L is the magnetic circuit average length of customization iron core.
4. the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described current-limiting resistance is for limiting the exciting current I on primary coil
1satsize, resistance is 0.5 Ω.
5. the proving installation of silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the effective value of the range of described current probe is 150A.
6. the method for testing of the proving installation based on silicon steel core limit magnetic hysteresis loop claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
The low pressure end voltage of autotransformer is adjusted to 0V by step (1), connects 220V AC power;
Step (2) arranges the sampling period ▽ T of oscillograph, with the exciting current I of the first record ripple passage admission
1satfor the E of the induced voltage of X-axis, the second record ripple passage admission
1satintegration is Y-axis;
Step (3) increases the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer gradually, observes the waveform of the X-Y axle on oscillograph, in the time that the part curve on ascending branch and the decent of waveform overlaps completely, formulates core sataration, stops increasing the low pressure end voltage of autotransformer;
Step (4) is in real time by the exciting current I of the first record ripple passage admission
1satinduced voltage E with the second record ripple passage admission
1satimport to PC, establish exciting current I
1satsampling numerical value is i[k], induced voltage numerical value is u[k], k is sample sequence number;
Step (5), according to formula (3), is calculated the magnetic flux density B[k that formulates iron core],
Wherein, B[1] be initial value for integral, B[k] maximum value and minimizing absolute value equate;
Step (6), according to formula (4), is calculated the magnetic field intensity H[k that formulates iron core],
Step (7) is got the B[k in several sampling periods] and H[k] mean value;
Step (8) is by the B[k of the one-period after averaging] and H[k] make form, the data that form is corresponding are the limit magnetic hysteresis loop data of customization iron core.
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CN103675728B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-01-06 | 河北工业大学 | The measuring method of closed magnetic path magnetic core remanent magnetism |
CN104749537A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-01 | 国家电网公司 | Hysteresis loop measuring method of current transformer |
CN104991994A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 国网天津市电力公司 | Transformer field current simulation method based on J-A magnetic hysteresis model |
CN105929347B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-02-22 | 福州大学 | A kind of quick magnetic material magnetic characteristic measurement method |
CN108038303A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of transformer simulation model of accurate simulation iron core characteristics |
CN108333422A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-27 | 深圳市普乐华科技有限公司 | A kind of nanometer of iron core saturation voltage method for rapidly testing |
CN110940939B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-11-17 | 西安交通大学 | Power transformer iron core residual magnetism monitoring and estimating method based on hysteresis loop |
CN112083362B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-09-24 | 华北电力大学 | Electrical steel sheet hysteresis characteristic prediction method and system based on reversible magnetization component |
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