CN103175689B - A kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing - Google Patents
A kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103175689B CN103175689B CN201310049651.5A CN201310049651A CN103175689B CN 103175689 B CN103175689 B CN 103175689B CN 201310049651 A CN201310049651 A CN 201310049651A CN 103175689 B CN103175689 B CN 103175689B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing, disclose a kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing, by obtaining acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected, obtain normalized curve and detection curve, and in normalized curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0, and in detection curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1, calculate the ratio k=R of detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0.Then k value is compared with the eigenwert containing faulty bearings preset, carry out the diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Status.Acoustic emission detection method can not only meet the non-disassembly requirement of rolling bearing, and the high frequency characteristics of its signal effectively can suppress the interference of ambient noise, to realize the early warning of rolling bearing fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of nondestructive testing, particularly a kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low speed rotation rolling bearing.
Background technology
Rolling bearing is applied in mechanical transmission mechanism, comprise inner ring 1, outer ring 2 and the rolling body 3(be arranged between inner ring 1 and outer ring 2 is generally ball) and for the retainer 4 of fixing rolling body 3, as shown in Figure 1, have that frictional resistance is little, power consumption is little, mechanical efficiency advantages of higher, be widely used in various rotating machinery.But, rolling bearing all can cause bearing to occur the fault such as fatigue flake and wearing and tearing owing to assembling the reasons such as improper, insufficient lubrication, moisture and foreign matter intrusion, corrosion in long-term operation process, and fault happening part mainly contains: bearing inner race 1, outer ring 2, rolling body 3 and retainer 4.Rolling bearing in the large-sized low-speed such as Giant Wheel, passenger aerial ropeway rotating machinery is the key stressed member of its continuous running, and bearing failure directly may cause the generation of accident, causes casualties.But, be difficult to dismantle after kind of bearings once install comes into operation, when the domestic detection to this class bearing is at present just by observing it and running with or without abnormal voice, measure its temperature variation etc. and judge bearing whether fault, potential safety hazard is huge.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing, to realize not dismantling quick detection to low speed rotation rolling bearing.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing, comprising the following steps:
Obtain acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected respectively, obtain normalized curve and detection curve;
By in described normalized curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0, by described detection curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1;
Calculate the ratio k=R of described detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0;
K value is compared with the eigenwert containing faulty bearings preset, carries out the diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Status.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, the described default eigenwert containing faulty bearings comprises the eigenwert k containing minor failure bearing
1with the eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2;
Wherein, containing the eigenwert k of minor failure bearing
1with the eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2obtained by following steps:
Obtain respectively containing minor failure rolling bearing and the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle that contain obvious fault rolling bearing, obtain minor failure curve and obvious fault curve;
By in described minor failure curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f1, by described obvious fault curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f2;
The described eigenwert k containing minor failure rolling bearing
1=R
f1/ R
0, the described eigenwert k containing obvious fault rolling bearing
2=R
f2/ R
0.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, the described eigenwert k containing minor failure rolling bearing
1the minor failure rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 2% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording;
The described eigenwert k containing obvious fault rolling bearing
2the obvious fault rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 10% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of rolling bearing are obtained by following steps:
Be arranged in by calibrate AE sensor on the bearing seat of rolling bearing, start and make bearing operation, continuous acquisition bearing is no less than the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods, adds up and calculates the effective value average voltage of acoustic emission signal each running period;
Using bearing running period number as horizontal ordinate, the effective value average voltage of the acoustic emission signal that bearing each running period is corresponding is as ordinate, obtain series of points, these points are made curve, obtains acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of rolling bearing.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, described zero defect rolling bearing, containing minor failure rolling bearing with containing obvious fault rolling bearing all identical with the model of described rolling bearing to be detected, running speed is identical.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, the rotating speed of rolling bearing running is lower than 10 revs/min.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, described zero defect rolling bearing, all adopt identical sonic transducer to detect with identical sonic transducer arrangement with described rolling bearing to be detected containing minor failure rolling bearing with containing obvious fault rolling bearing.
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing as above, preferably, effective value average voltage corresponding to each bearing operation cycle is that the effective value voltage accumulation value of all acoustic emission signals in this cycle is divided by shock number summation.
(3) beneficial effect
The Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing provided by the present invention, by obtaining acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected, obtain normalized curve and detection curve, and in normalized curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0, and in detection curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1, calculate the ratio k=R of detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0.Then k value is compared with the eigenwert containing faulty bearings preset, carry out the diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Status.Acoustic emission detection method can not only meet the testing requirement not dismantling rolling bearing, and the high frequency characteristics of its signal effectively can suppress the interference of ambient noise, realize the early warning of rolling bearing fault, thus minimizing accident to greatest extent occurs, and has important social effect and huge economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of zero defect rolling bearing in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that in the embodiment of the present invention, inner ring contains the rolling bearing of minor failure;
Fig. 3 is the appraisal curve figure that in the embodiment of the present invention, zero defect rolling bearing and inner ring contain the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage of the rolling bearing of minor failure;
Fig. 4 is the appraisal curve figure that in the embodiment of the present invention, zero defect rolling bearing and inner ring contain the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage of the rolling bearing of obvious fault;
Fig. 5 is the appraisal curve figure of the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage of zero defect rolling bearing and bearing to be detected in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1: inner ring; 2: outer ring; 3: rolling body; 4: retainer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Shown in composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, will there is defect O to illustrate the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing for the inner ring 1 of rolling bearing.
Fig. 5 centre bearer running curve corresponding to 1st ~ 10 cycles is normalized curves, and (N+1) ~ (N+10) cycle homologous thread is detection curve.The fault detection method of the rolling bearing in the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
First, obtain acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected respectively, obtain normalized curve and detection curve.Wherein, in acoustic fault detects, effective value voltage (hereinafter referred to as " RMS ") is the major parameter of acoustic emission signal, represents the root-mean-square value of signal in the sampling time, represents, that is: with V
in formula, Δ T is averaging time, and V (t) is time dependent signal voltage.This parameter can be good reaction acoustic emission active, be the Common Parameters in acoustic emission fault diagnosis;
Then, by normalized curve survey running period effective value average voltage corresponding to (i.e. 1st ~ 10 cycles in Fig. 5) and be averaged and obtain R
0, by detection curve survey running period effective value average voltage corresponding to (i.e. N+1 ~ N+10 cycle in Fig. 5) and be averaged and obtain R
1;
Finally, the ratio k=R of detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage is calculated
1/ R
0, and k value is compared with the eigenwert containing faulty bearings preset, carry out the evaluation of detection signal.
The acoustic emission method for diagnosing faults of the low-speed rolling bearing in the embodiment of the present invention can not only meet the testing requirement not dismantling bearing, and the high frequency characteristics of its signal effectively can suppress the interference of ambient noise, realize the early warning of rolling bearing fault, thus minimizing accident to greatest extent occurs, and has important social effect and huge economic benefit.
Wherein, normalized curve is obtained by following steps:
Calibrate AE sensor is arranged on the bearing seat of zero defect rolling bearing, starts bearing with lower than the rotating speed low-speed running of 10 revs/min.The present embodiment centre bearer rotating speed is 0.32 rev/min, the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods of continuous acquisition bearing, image data is processed in units of the bearing operation cycle, effective value voltage (RMS) value of shocks all in each cycle can be added up divided by clashing into the total RMS mean value obtaining this cycle, using the RMS mean value in the 1 to 10 cycle that obtains according to acquisition time order as ordinate, the corresponding cycle is horizontal ordinate, 10 points (1 can be obtained thus, 2.223), (2, 2.310), (3, 2.270), (4, 2.275), (5, 2.289), (6, 2.224), (7, 2.317), (8, 2.271), (9, 2.288), (10, 2.247), as shown in Figure 5.These 10 points are made curve, obtains acoustic emission signal RMS mean value and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle, the i.e. normalized curve of zero defect rolling bearing.
Detection curve is obtained by following steps:
Calibrate AE sensor is arranged on the bearing seat of rolling bearing to be detected, wherein, rolling bearing to be detected and zero defect rolling bearing can be the front and back contrasts of same bearing different times, also can be that model is identical, and run the contrast of the different bearings in 1000 cycles more than with same rotational speed.And preferred rolling bearing to be detected and zero defect rolling bearing adopt identical sonic transducer and identical sonic transducer arrangement, ensure effective comparability.Start rolling bearing to be detected with the rotating speed low-speed running identical with zero defect rolling bearing, the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods of same continuous acquisition bearing, image data is processed in units of the bearing operation cycle, effective value voltage (RMS) value of shocks all in each cycle can be added up divided by clashing into the total RMS mean value obtaining this cycle, using the RMS mean value in N+1 to N+10 cycle that obtains according to acquisition time order as ordinate, the corresponding cycle is horizontal ordinate, as shown in Figure 5, 10 point (N+1 can be obtained thus, 4.139), (N+2, 3.868), (N+3, 4.010), (N+4, 3.845), (N+5, 3.745), (N+6, 3.670), (N+7, 3.983), (N+8, 4.206), (N+9, 3.929), (N+10, 4.196).These 10 points are made curve, obtains acoustic emission signal RMS mean value and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle, the i.e. detection curve of rolling bearing to be detected.
In the embodiment of the present invention in normalized curve survey RMS mean value corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0=2.27, in detection curve survey RMS mean value corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1=3.96, then ratio k=the R of detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0=1.74.
In order to detect the defect level of rolling bearing to be detected further, the default eigenwert containing faulty bearings can be set and comprise bearing features value k containing minor failure
1with the bearing features value k containing obvious fault
2.Work as k<k
1time, judge that this rolling bearing to be detected is without obvious fault, can continue to run; Work as k
1≤ k<k
2time, judge that minor failure appears in this rolling bearing to be detected, additive method should be adopted to detect and shorten sense cycle; As k>=k
2time, judge that obvious fault appears in this rolling bearing to be detected, maintenance should be arranged as early as possible.
Wherein, containing the bearing features value k of minor failure
1with the bearing features value k containing obvious fault
2obtained by following steps:
First, obtain respectively containing minor failure rolling bearing and the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle that contain obvious fault rolling bearing, obtain minor failure curve and obvious fault curve.Wherein, containing the eigenwert k of minor failure rolling bearing
1the minor failure rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 2% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording, containing the eigenwert k of obvious fault rolling bearing
2the obvious fault rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 10% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording.The rolling bearing containing minor failure and the rolling bearing containing obvious fault is gone out, to make it have reliable standard preferably by artificial in the present embodiment;
Then, by minor failure curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f1, by obvious fault curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f2;
Finally, ratio (namely containing the eigenwert of the minor failure rolling bearing) k of minor failure curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage is calculated
1=R
f1/ R
0, calculate ratio (namely containing the eigenwert of the obvious fault rolling bearing) k of obvious fault curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
2=R
f2/ R
0.
Concrete, containing the eigenwert k of minor failure bearing in the embodiment of the present invention
1obtained by following steps:
Can polish on inner ring 1 raceway of zero defect rolling bearing the flute profile defect (for 2% of bearing inner race thickness) of a dark 0.3mm, be designated as the rolling bearing containing minor failure, as shown in Figure 2, in figure, O is defective locations.Equally, calibrate AE sensor is arranged on the bearing seat containing minor failure rolling bearing, preferred startup bearing is with the rotating speed low-speed running identical with zero defect rolling bearing, the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods of continuous acquisition, add up the RMS mean value of acoustic emission signal each running period, using the RMS mean value of N+1 to N+10 the running period according to acquisition time order as ordinate, the corresponding cycle is horizontal ordinate, as shown in Figure 3, 10 point (N+1 can be obtained thus, 2.478), (N+2, 2.765), (N+3, 2.425), (N+4, 2.330), (N+5, 2.544), (N+6, 2.379), (N+7, 2.862), (N+8, 2.526), (N+9, 2.543), (N+10, 2.802).These 10 points are made curve, obtains the acoustic emission signal RMS mean value containing minor failure rolling bearing and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle, i.e. minor failure curve.And the curve that in Fig. 3,1st ~ 10 running periods are corresponding is normalized curve.
By in minor failure curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f1=2.57, then k
1=R
f1/ R
0=1.13.
Concrete, containing the eigenwert k of obvious fault bearing in the embodiment of the present invention
2obtained by following steps:
Flute profile defect continuation polishing on inner ring 1 raceway of zero defect rolling bearing is 1.5mm(to the degree of depth is 10% of bearing inner race thickness), be designated as the rolling bearing containing obvious fault.Equally, calibrate AE sensor is arranged on the bearing seat containing obvious fault rolling bearing, preferred startup bearing is with the rotating speed low-speed running identical with zero defect rolling bearing, the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods of continuous acquisition, add up the RMS mean value of acoustic emission signal each running period, using the RMS mean value of N+1 to N+10 the running period according to acquisition time order as ordinate, the corresponding cycle is horizontal ordinate, as shown in Figure 4, 10 point (N+1 can be obtained thus, 3.839), (N+2, 3.768), (N+3, 3.709), (N+4, 3.645), (N+5, 3.645), (N+6, 3.770), (N+7, 3.583), (N+8, 3.806), (N+9, 3.969), (N+10, 3.796).These 10 points are made curve, obtains the acoustic emission signal RMS mean value containing obvious fault rolling bearing and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle, i.e. obvious fault curve.And the curve that in Fig. 4,1st ~ 10 running periods are corresponding is normalized curve.
By in obvious fault curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f2=3.75, then k
2=R
f2/ R
0=1.65.
And preferably adopting identical sonic transducer and identical sonic transducer arrangement containing minor failure rolling bearing with containing obvious fault rolling bearing with rolling bearing to be detected, it is consistent that guarantee is compared, and reduces error.
By comparing, draw k>k
2, judge that obvious fault appears in this rolling bearing to be detected.By carrying out dissembling inspection to this rolling bearing to be detected, find that bearing inner race breaks down, its raceway face lesion depths is 2.0mm, is greater than 10% of the bearing inner race degree of depth.It can thus be appreciated that the result adopting method proposed by the invention to carry out fault diagnosis is consistent with actual.
It should be noted that; just illustrate the fault detect principle of rolling bearing for inner ring 1 in the present embodiment; be not a kind of restriction; the fault detection method of obvious rolling bearing of the present invention is also applicable to bearing outer ring 2, rolling body 3 and fender bracket 4(as shown in Figure 1) detection; concrete grammar is the same with inner ring 1, does not repeat them here.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing provided by the present invention, by obtaining acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected, obtain normalized curve and detection curve, and in normalized curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0, and in detection curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1, calculate the ratio k=R of detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0.Then k value is compared with the bearing features value containing fault preset, carry out the diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Status.Acoustic emission detection method can not only meet the testing requirement not dismantling rolling bearing, and the high frequency characteristics of its signal effectively can suppress the interference of ambient noise, realize the early warning of rolling bearing fault, thus minimizing accident to greatest extent occurs, and has important social effect and huge economic benefit.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improve and replace and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of a low-speed rolling bearing, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle that obtain zero defect rolling bearing and rolling bearing to be detected respectively, obtain normalized curve and detection curve; The horizontal ordinate of described graph of a relation is number running period of bearing, ordinate is the effective value average voltage of acoustic emission signal corresponding to each running period, and the effective value average voltage in described each cycle is obtained divided by shock number summation by the effective value voltage accumulation value of acoustic emission signals all in this cycle;
By in described normalized curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
0, by described detection curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
1;
Calculate the ratio k=R of described detection curve and normalized curve effective value average voltage
1/ R
0;
K value is compared with the eigenwert containing faulty bearings preset, carries out the diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Status.
2. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described default eigenwert containing faulty bearings comprises the eigenwert k containing minor failure bearing
1with the eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2;
Wherein, containing the eigenwert k of minor failure bearing
1with the eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2obtained by following steps:
Obtain respectively containing minor failure rolling bearing and the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle that contain obvious fault rolling bearing, obtain minor failure curve and obvious fault curve;
By in described minor failure curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f1, by described obvious fault curve survey effective value average voltage corresponding to running period and be averaged and obtain R
f2;
The described eigenwert k containing minor failure bearing
1=R
f1/ R
0, the described eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2=R
f2/ R
0.
3. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the described eigenwert k containing minor failure bearing
1the minor failure rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 2% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording;
The described eigenwert k containing obvious fault bearing
2the obvious fault rolling bearing that contains being inner ring thickness 10% by the degree of depth of bearing inner race surface imperfection recording.
4. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of rolling bearing according to claim 2, is characterized in that, acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle of rolling bearing are obtained by following steps:
Be arranged in by calibrate AE sensor on the bearing seat of rolling bearing, start and make bearing operation, continuous acquisition bearing is no less than the acoustic emission signal of 10 running periods, adds up and calculates the effective value average voltage of acoustic emission signal each running period;
Obtain horizontal ordinate and series of points corresponding to ordinate, these points are made curve, obtain the acoustic emission signal effective value average voltage of rolling bearing and the graph of a relation in bearing operation cycle and response curve.
5. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described zero defect rolling bearing, containing minor failure rolling bearing with containing obvious fault rolling bearing all identical with the model of described rolling bearing to be detected, running speed is identical.
6. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the rotating speed of rolling bearing running is lower than 10 revs/min.
7. the Acoustic Based Diagnosis method of low-speed rolling bearing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described zero defect rolling bearing, all adopt identical sonic transducer to detect with identical sonic transducer arrangement with described rolling bearing to be detected containing minor failure rolling bearing with containing obvious fault rolling bearing.
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| CN105716865B (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2018-09-28 | 成都柏森松传感技术有限公司 | A kind of foundation and application method for detecting the database of bearing running abnormal sound |
| CN106053074B (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rolling bearing sound signal fault feature extraction method based on STFT and rotational inertia entropy |
| CN106017932B (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2020-01-03 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Motor bearing on-line monitoring and intelligent early warning system |
| CN106989924A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-28 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | bearing abnormal sound detecting system |
| CN110132591B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-08 | 任才银 | High-precision rotating shaft fault detection positioning device |
| CN112213104B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-06-14 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Bearing detection method, device and system |
| CN113483027A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆大学 | Acoustic intelligent bearing |
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