CN103174475A - Cascaded organic rankine cycle system - Google Patents
Cascaded organic rankine cycle system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103174475A CN103174475A CN2012105613915A CN201210561391A CN103174475A CN 103174475 A CN103174475 A CN 103174475A CN 2012105613915 A CN2012105613915 A CN 2012105613915A CN 201210561391 A CN201210561391 A CN 201210561391A CN 103174475 A CN103174475 A CN 103174475A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
A cascaded Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system includes a topping cycle and a bottoming cycle in thermal communication with said topping cycle (22) through a condenser/evaporator in which a bottoming cycle working fluid is first evaporated and then superheated and a topping cycle working fluid is first desuperheated and then condensed such that a percentage of total heat transfer from the topping cycle fluid that occurs during a saturated condensation is equal to or less than a percentage of total heat transfer to the bottoming cycle fluid that occurs during a saturated evaporation.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to organic rankine cycle (ORC) system, and relates more specifically to the cascade organic rankine cycle.
Background technique
Organic rankine cycle is to replace water/water vapour as the steam power cycle of working fluid with the organic fluid refrigeration agent.This working fluid is heated by waste heat source or low-quality thermal source in " evaporator/boiler ".Fluid with liquid as beginning and with steam as end.High-pressure refrigerant vapor expands to produce electric power in turbo machine.Then low-pressure steam condensation from turbo machine is discharged is sent back to pump to restart this circulation.
The simple rankine cycle that is used for generating is followed following process sequence: 1) adiabatic pressure (adiabatic pressure) rises by pump; 2) heating of the equipressure in preheater, vaporizer and superheater (isobaric heat addition); 3) adiabatic expansion (adiabatic expansion) in turbo machine; And 4) the isobaric heat release in condenser (isobaric heat rejection), but other circulation to change be also possible, such as adding steam to liquid backflow heat exchanger (recuperator) etc.
In organic rankine cycle, main heating power nonreversibility is to be caused by the larger temperature difference between the temperature of the refrigeration agent of the temperature of waste heat flux in vaporizer and boiling.Waste heat stream temperature is higher, and this nonreversibility becomes larger.A kind of mode that is used for reducing this loss is that two thermodynamic cycle levels are linked togather, and the circulation that wherein moves under higher temperature is put into the circulation of operation at a lower temperature with hot type.
Summary of the invention
Comprise end circulation (bottoming cycle) according to a kind of cascade organic rankine cycle system of illustrative aspects of the present disclosure, the end, cycle through condenser/evaporator and top circulation (topping cycle) thermal communication, wherein end periodic duty fluid at first evaporate then overheated, and at first periodic duty fluid in top reduces overheated then condensation, makes the percentage from the total heat transmission of top circulation of fluid that occurs during saturated condensation be equal to or less than the percentage that the total heat of circulation of fluid is transmitted at the bottom of the arrival that occurs during saturated evaporation.
Be associated with the method for machine rankine cycle system according to the operation level of illustrative aspects of the present disclosure, wherein end circulation is communicated with the top cycling hot, and it comprises that the percent saturation of the fluid in maintenance top circulation is less than 40% saturation ratio of the fluid in end circulation.
Description of drawings
From the following detailed description of disclosed non-limiting mode of execution, various features will become apparent for those skilled in the art.The accompanying drawing of this detailed description can be briefly described below:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with cascade organic rankine cycle of top circulation and end circulation;
Fig. 2 is for being used for the TS figure of end circulation;
Fig. 3 is for being used for the TS figure of top circulation; And
Fig. 4 is for making top fluid (siloxane MM) reduce overheated (de-superheating) then condensation and make the then temperature distribution line chart in overheated contraflow heat exchanger of underflow body (R245fa) evaporation.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates cascade organic rankine cycle system 20.Cascade organic rankine cycle system 20 comprises at least two rankine cycle, and wherein 24 phase cascades circulate the circulation 22 of relatively hot top and the relatively cold end.In disclosed non-limiting mode of execution, top circulation 22 uses siloxane MM as working fluid, and R245fa is used in end circulation 24.Yet what will be appreciated that is additionally to use other circulation and other working fluid.
Receive from a large amount of heat of for example oil return line 36 such as the vaporizers such as boiler 34 and input, so that the gasification of siloxane MM working fluid, wherein the steam of siloxane MM working fluid is transmitted through to turbo machine 26 so that power to be provided.After leaving turbo machine 26, the process fluid vapor of relatively low pressure is sent to condenser/evaporator 32, and by the condensation with the heat exchange relationship of end circulation 24, make condenser/evaporator 32 move as vaporizer in end circulation 24 as the condenser operation in top circulation 22.
In disclosed non-limiting mode of execution, turbo machine 26 is radial centripetal turbo machine (radial inflow turbine), periodic duty fluid steam in top is expanded the radial centripetal turbo machine until lower pressure, and generate electricity by the merit that obtains from this inflation process.Steam is still by overheated, in order to use the calorific potential (heat potential) of steam in condenser/evaporator 32.In fact, condenser/evaporator 32 makes working fluid reduce overheated and final condensation working fluid makes it return to liquid to be used for by pump 30 transmission.Then will be gone in ring through the working fluid of condensation to vaporizer 34 to complete top circulation 22 by pump 30.
Character according to the circulation that proposes makes the steam height that enters and leave turbo machine 36 overheated.Energy gesture (energy potential) at the superheated vapor in turbo machine outlet port is not wasted, but is transported in reflux exchanger 46.Reflux exchanger 46 will export the highly pressurised liquid that is passed at pump discharge from the heat of low pressure hot vapor from turbo machine.
The liquid working fluid in this overheated next pre-heat pump of reflux exchanger 46 use 40 downstreams.That is to say, if the paramount turbine inlet of driving that will circulate is overheated, the turbo machine outlet is overheated will be high.Because reflux exchanger 46 is inner heat exchanger, therefore can obtain this hot usability to keep cycle efficiency.When the low voltage side reduction that makes top circulation 22 is overheated, importantly its backflow heat exchange is extremely realized in the end circulation 24 at higher overheated place.The coupling of working fluid and its pressure has promoted this interaction.
Fig. 2 shows the TS figure for end circulation 24.Condenser/evaporator 32 receives almost saturated liquid (close to the temperature of boiling) from reflux exchanger 46.Condenser/evaporator 32 makes the refrigeration agent boiling, then it is heated to 1 from state 6.The situation of state 1 is highly overheated.Discharge state from turbo machine 36---state 2---is also highly overheated.Reflux exchanger 46 uses this heat (state 2 to 3) to come heating high-pressure working fluid (state 5 to 6).The size impact state 6 of reflux exchanger 46.For example, less reflux exchanger 46 causes the less heat that is passed, therefore and cause the more excessively cold state colder at 6 places, this causes and need to transmit from more heat of condenser/evaporator 32, and cause in preheating and evaporation mechanism should heat percentage larger.
Fig. 3 shows the TS figure for top circulation 22.The discharge state of top circulatory turbine machine 26 is highly overheated, but does not use reflux exchanger.As an alternative, because end circulation pressurized working fluid is overheated, therefore the reduction of operating on low voltage fluid steam is overheated.The selection such as weight molecules such as siloxane that is used for top circulation 22 causes the saturated dome (dome) of height angulation.As a result, the entrance state of turbo machine 26 is only slightly overheated.
Fig. 4 represents Utopian contraflow heat exchanger.The x axis is the standardization enthalpy change of each fluid, and the y axis is temperature.The x axis is based on first law of thermodynamics, and it is used for heat exchanger and can be write as:
Subscript wherein
AWith
BRefer to respectively stream A and B,
mMass velocity, and
hIt is the enthalpy of fluid.
Fluid (A) that will be warmer in Fig. 4 is shown from right to left advances, and colder fluid (B) is shown by heat exchanger and from left to right advances.Heat is passed to fluid B from fluid A; Therefore, the enthalpy of fluid A reduces and the enthalpy increase of fluid B.For each section of heat exchanger, above-mentioned equation must be accurately.For example, first 10% of the enthalpy of fluid A minimizing must equal last 10% increase of the enthalpy of fluid B.If fluid is the simple fluid with constant specific heat, each temperature profile will be straight line.When fluid was refrigeration agent, temperature profile had various nonlinear shapes.When being saturated, do not exist temperature to change with the variation of enthalpy when fluid.Temperature with the variation of enthalpy for being different as the fluid of liquid on the whole from fluid as steam; Therefore, the selection of fluid and operating temperature affect the shape of these curves.In addition, the selection of other system unit will affect their shape.Particularly, the initial enthalpy of the size impact of the selection of the reflux exchanger in the circulation that proposes 46 and reflux exchanger 46 stream B (and therefore affecting temperature).
How relevant to another Fig. 4 shows each temperature profile is in each physical locations along heat exchanger.In order to make heat flow to fluid B from fluid A, fluid A must be always warmer than fluid B.If A becomes too near B, this is called as the temperature situation of " shrinking (pinch) ".Because the larger heat exchange area of needs exchanges the enthalpy in this zone, therefore this is not to be desired.In fact, the whole size of heat exchanger can be limited by " contraction " situation.In the situation that the temperature difference is larger, owing to having generated more entropy by the larger temperature difference by heat exchange, therefore thermodynamic cycle will be that efficient is lower.Desirable layout (arrangement) is when heat exchanger temperature difference maintenance everywhere is relatively constant.Because heat of steam exchange has usually than saturated lower heat transfer rate, thus can be desirably in the higher a little temperature difference of maintenance in this zone, usually up to or equal 1 to 2 times.For organic rankine cycle system 20, condenser/evaporator 32 heat exchangers have two main region.First (on the left side in Fig. 4) is saturated for two kinds of fluids, and temperature profile is smooth.In disclosed non-limiting mode of execution, this section accounts for about 40% of total heat transmission.Second (in Fig. 4 on the right) is overheated, and temperature increases with enthalpy.That is to say, 40% saturation ratio of the working fluid in the end circulation 24, the percent saturation of the fluid in top circulation 22 remains on 38% saturation ratio.
Wherein to be construed in this article be " flex point (knee) " to the point of temperature profile from smooth (saturated) to (steam) transition that increases.For realizing above-mentioned target, " flex point " of fluid A must be positioned at that " flex point " with fluid B exists together mutually or slightly on the left side of fluid B " flex point " in the standardization enthalpy diagram.If " flex point " was positioned at left, saturated section can have good heat transmission poor (common 5 to 15F; 3 arrive 8C), but the heat transmission difference of steam section is with excessive.If " flex point " is positioned at too right, will cause " contraction " situation between two kinds of fluids.In fact, the temperature difference will increase and the saturated temperature difference will be too high.
In the circulation that proposes, on condenser/evaporator 32, the effect of reflux exchanger 46 is to change the entrance enthalpy of colder fluid B, and therefore changes its temperature.By increasing the size of reflux exchanger 46, the enthalpy of the entrance of B increases by reclaiming heat from the turbo machine outlet.This causes coming across that the percentage of total heat transmission of fluid B on the flex point left side is smaller, the flex point that makes B is to moving to left, and causes the contraction situation.On the contrary, if reduce or eliminate the reflux exchanger heat exchange, this makes the flex point of B move right, and has therefore increased the temperature difference in the steam section.That is to say the percentage that the percentage from the total heat transmission of working fluid in the circulation 22 of top that occurs during saturated condensation equals or slightly transmits less than the total heat of working fluid in circulation 24 at the bottom of the arrival that occurs during (in 10%) saturated evaporation.
Have the selection that exceeds the circulation of thermal level connection of the condenser/evaporator heat exchanger that circulates on earth from top circulating transfer heat, and the selection that is used for the reflux exchanger of the refrigeration agent of top circulation and end circulation and end circulation allows the heat exchanger temperature distributing line of optimization.
Should be understood that, such as, 'fornt', 'back', " on ", the relative position terms such as D score, " height ", " low " are all with reference to the normal operating state of carrier, and should not be considered to otherwise limit.
Should be understood that, similar reference number all identifies corresponding or similar element everywhere at some accompanying drawings.Although it is to be further understood that to disclose in the illustrated embodiment concrete arrangements of components, other layout will be benefited thus.
Although illustrated, described and required concrete order of steps, should be understood that, unless separately point out, step can be carried out with any order, carry out separately or the combination execution, and will benefit from the disclosure.
Above be illustrated as exemplary and be not that restriction by the inherence limits.Herein disclosed is various nonrestrictive mode of executions, will fall in the scope of claims yet those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize various remodeling and modification according to above instruction.Therefore, should be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, can be different from the specifically described disclosure of putting into practice like that.For this reason, should study claims and determine real scope and content.
Claims (13)
1. cascade organic rankine cycle system, it comprises:
The top circulation; And
By circulating at the end that condenser/evaporator is communicated with described top cycling hot, wherein end periodic duty fluid at first evaporate then overheated, and at first periodic duty fluid in top reduces overheated then condensation, the percentage that the total heat that makes the percentage from the total heat transmission of described top circulation of fluid that occurs during saturated condensation be equal to or less than the arrival that occurs during saturated evaporation circulation of fluid of the described end is transmitted.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, the described working fluid that is used for the circulation of described top is siloxane MM.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein, the described working fluid that is used for the circulation of the described end is R245fa.
4. system according to claim 1, wherein, the circulation of the described end comprises reflux exchanger.
5. system according to claim 1, wherein, the circulation of fluid of the described end in described condenser/evaporator and described top circulation of fluid are all both saturated, surpass that described total heat transmits about 40%.
6. system according to claim 1, described system also comprises the deep fat loop that is communicated with described top cycling hot by vaporizer.
7. system according to claim 1, described system also comprises the cooling circuit that is communicated with cycling hot of the described end by condenser.
8. an operation level is associated with the method for machine rankine cycle system, and wherein end circulation is communicated with the top cycling hot, and it comprises:
Remain on the percent saturation of the working fluid in the circulation of described top less than the percent saturation of the working fluid in the circulation of the described end.
9. method according to claim 8, described method also comprises:
Use siloxane MM as the working fluid in the circulation of described top; And
Use R245fa as the working fluid in the circulation of the described end.
10. method according to claim 8, described method also comprises:
Use condenser/evaporator as the hot interface between the circulation of the described end and the circulation of described top.
11. method according to claim 8, described method also comprises:
The operation condenser/evaporator is as the condenser that is used for the circulation of described top and as the vaporizer that is used for the circulation of the described end.
12. method according to claim 8, wherein, " flex point " of the working fluid mobile described top circulation of turning left from the right side in the standardization enthalpy diagram is positioned at the left side of " flex point " of the working fluid of the circulation of the described end of flowing from left to right.
13. method according to claim 8, wherein, the working fluid in the circulation of described top is less than 40% saturation ratio of the working fluid in the circulation of the described end.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/334,994 US20130160449A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Cascaded organic rankine cycle system |
| US13/334994 | 2011-12-22 | ||
| US13/334,994 | 2011-12-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103174475A true CN103174475A (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| CN103174475B CN103174475B (en) | 2016-08-03 |
Family
ID=47296978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210561391.5A Active CN103174475B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-21 | Cascade Organic Rankine Cycle system and operational approach thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130160449A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2607635B8 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103174475B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2798770C (en) |
| SG (1) | SG191468A1 (en) |
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| CN104568484A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 广东工业大学 | Performance test system of heat exchanger in organic rankine cycling |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2607635B8 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
| CA2798770A1 (en) | 2013-06-22 |
| EP2607635A2 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| CN103174475B (en) | 2016-08-03 |
| US20130160449A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| EP2607635A3 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| SG191468A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| EP2607635B1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
| CA2798770C (en) | 2015-11-17 |
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