CN103174077A - Music pavement and music generation method - Google Patents
Music pavement and music generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103174077A CN103174077A CN2013100725637A CN201310072563A CN103174077A CN 103174077 A CN103174077 A CN 103174077A CN 2013100725637 A CN2013100725637 A CN 2013100725637A CN 201310072563 A CN201310072563 A CN 201310072563A CN 103174077 A CN103174077 A CN 103174077A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a music pavement and a music generation method. The music pavement comprises a pavement layer, the surface of the pavement layer is provided with one or a plurality of fluctuation sequences, wherein each of the fluctuation sequences comprises a plurality of periodically-arrayed fluctuation structures; and each of the periodically-arrayed fluctuation structures and its position on the pavement are determined according to a preset vehicle speed and a music fundamental frequency curve corresponding to a music pavement to be paved. When a vehicle moves on the music pavement, the tires of the vehicle contact with the fluctuation structures of the fluctuation sequences, and a fundamental frequency sound corresponded by the contacted fluctuation sequences is generated. The music pavement has the characteristics of easy construction, easy dismantling, easy modification, reduction and even elimination of adverse influences of the noises of the tires to drivers and passengers through the generation of abundant and inconstant music via the contact of the tires and the road surface in the vehicle moving process, and addition of a certain connotation and a culture characteristic to the road location.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traffic engineering technology and field of acoustics, relate in particular to a kind of by constructing the periodic undulations structure at road surface, make vehicle contact with periodicity between the relief fabric of road surface to produce by tire in the process of moving and have periodic sound, and finally produce the method for music.
Background technology
Can sound when vehicle tyre contacts with the road surface, traditional viewpoint is considered as noise with this sound, is commonly referred to as tire noise.Tire noise is considered to that generally driver and passenger are had negative effect, can cause the bad reactions such as dispersion attention, fatigue, agitation.
And current a kind of viewpoint is thought, can make tire noise become a kind of periodic sound that has by the physical arrangement that changes the road surface, makes driver and crew perceive pitch, thereby produces music, eliminates the harmful effect that tire noise brings to driver and crew.
Thereby there is at present a kind of method (application number 201110007756.5) of utilizing gaining machine cutting in the different sections of road surface to produce music.In this method, the flute pitch in section has determined that with width it contacts the pitch of the sound of generation with tire, and the length of section has determined the duration of sound, and the spacing of each section inner groovy, the degree of depth, width are identical.
Sound in music is as a kind of perceptive object of people, have following four kinds of attributes: fundamental frequency (the psychology amount of its correspondence is called pitch), the duration of a sound, loudness of a sound and tone color, these four kinds of attributes temporal evolution in the musical performance process makes the hearer produce melodious aesthetic feeling.The existing method in pavement of road generation music has only been considered fundamental frequency and two kinds of attributes of the duration of a sound, is not enough to portray the music with actual enjoying value.In addition, existing method is not considered the time dependent characteristic of voice attribute, specifically, the section of its each cutting is inner, the physical attribute of groove is identical, so the voice attribute of the note inside of its generation is also changeless, therefore can't portray sound characteristic over time.And, often not only one of the note of playing simultaneously in music, this phenomenon is commonly referred to as complex tone (Polyphonic), and prior art does not provide solution for the situation of sending simultaneously a plurality of different notes.In addition, can cause irreversible destruction to road surface in the form of construction work of road surface cutting, in case construction is completed, be difficult to remove its groove, in addition, its corresponding music score has also been fixed, and is difficult to its modification or renewal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of new in the Vehicle Driving Cycle process, and the mode that contacts with road surface by tire produces the method for musical sound.This method can be controlled sonorific fundamental frequency, the duration of a sound, loudness of a sound and tone color, and can regulate in time above-mentioned four kinds of attributes, realizes the careful of sound variation portrayed.This method can produce a plurality of sound with different attribute simultaneously, plays simultaneously the music of a plurality of notes by the combination results of a plurality of sound.In addition, this method has easy construction, the readily removable characteristics of removing and easily revising.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of music road surface is characterized in that comprising a supercrust, and described supercrust surface is provided with one or more fluctuating sequences; Wherein, each described fluctuating sequence comprises the relief fabric of a plurality of periodic arrangement; Each described relief fabric and definite according to the fundamental curve of setting the corresponding music of the speed of a motor vehicle and music to be laid road surface institute in the position on road surface.
Further, described supercrust is provided with an anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer, on described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer surface, described fluctuating sequence is set.
Further, a plurality of described fluctuating sequences follow on described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer surface and sail direction and arrange side by side.
Further, determine the length of described fluctuating sequence according to total duration of setting musical sound corresponding to the speed of a motor vehicle and described fluctuating sequence or complex tone sequence; Determine number and the length of relief fabric described in described fluctuating sequence according to the fundamental frequency of setting musical sound corresponding to the speed of a motor vehicle and described fluctuating sequence or complex tone; The musical sound corresponding according to described fluctuating sequence or the loudness of a sound of complex tone are determined the height of described relief fabric; The musical sound that described fluctuating sequence is corresponding or the tone color of complex tone are determined the shape of described relief fabric.
Further, adopt the method for finite element and boundary element, perhaps adopt the method for acoustics and iterative approach to determine the shape of described relief fabric.
Further, described relief fabric is to follow the thrust of sailing the direction periodic arrangement.
Further, described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer is the heat molten type material layer.
Further, the method by hot-melt vibrating graticule prepares described fluctuating sequence on described supercrust.
A kind of music generating method, Vehicle Driving Cycle are in above-mentioned music road surface, and vehicle tyre contacts with the relief fabric of described fluctuating sequence, produce the sound of fundamental frequency corresponding to fluctuating sequence that contact.
Technical essential of the present invention comprises:
(1) mode that contacts with road surface by tire produces sound, can control sonorific fundamental frequency, the duration of a sound, loudness of a sound and tone color, can regulate in time above-mentioned four kinds of attributes, can produce the music of playing simultaneously a plurality of notes.
(2) by having periodic relief fabric at the road surface structure, as the thrust of structure periodically to occur, vehicle is produced when road surface travels have periodic sound, the instantaneous fundamental frequency of this sound is determined jointly by the speed of a motor vehicle and the length in single cycle of periodic undulations structure.It should be noted that so long as be the physical arrangement of periodic undulations all to belong to protection scope of the present invention, be not limited to simple raised structures in accompanying drawing.
(3) change the sonorific duration of a sound by the length that changes the periodic undulations structure.
(4) by changing the sonorific loudness of a sound of Level Change of periodic undulations structure.
(5) by changing the sonorific tone color of alteration of form of periodic undulations structure.
(6) physical attribute by above-mentioned periodic undulations structure, as length, highly, the continuous variation of shape, the voice attribute of generation is changed in time continuously.
(7) by have the relief fabric sequence of different physical attributes at road surface structure, make vehicle in the process of moving, wheel can touch the relief fabric of different physical attributes simultaneously, thus sounding when realizing the sound of a plurality of different acoustic properties.
(8) lay at road surface the material that one deck is anti-skidding and have enough resistance to pressures, the fluctuating of the physical attribute manufacturing cycle property by changing above-mentioned material reaches the purpose of structure periodic undulations structure.This laying method and material can be selected but be not limited to lay method and the material of hot-melt vibrating graticule.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
This method can be controlled sonorific fundamental frequency, the duration of a sound, loudness of a sound and tone color, and can regulate in time above-mentioned four kinds of attributes, realizes the careful of sound variation portrayed.This method can produce a plurality of sound with different attribute simultaneously, plays simultaneously the music of a plurality of notes by the combination results of a plurality of sound.In addition, this method has easy construction, the readily removable characteristics of removing and easily revising.The present invention can be in the Vehicle Driving Cycle process, produce with contacting of road surface by tire and enrich changeable music, reduce and even eliminate the harmful effect that tire noise brings to driver and crew, can increase certain cultural connotation and cultural features to the road location simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is application scenarios schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein 1 is the road surface, and 2 is the thrust that occurs with periodically, 3 expression vehicles, and vehicle travels by horizontal direction.
Fig. 2 is the periodic undulations structural representation that the present invention proposes, and wherein 1 is the road surface, and 2 is the thrust that occurs with periodically, the length of the 4 single relief fabrics of expression.
Fig. 3 is the method schematic diagram that the sound fundamental frequency is set that the present invention proposes, and wherein 5 is two relief fabrics that length is identical, the change in length of 6 expression relief fabrics.
Fig. 4 is the method schematic diagram that the sound loudness of a sound is set that the present invention proposes, the relief fabric sequence that this Figure illustrates a length and highly all change.
Fig. 5 is the method schematic diagram that the sound tone color is set that the present invention proposes, and has only provided a few of relief fabric shape in figure, is not limited to the shape that occurs in accompanying drawing in practical application.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention produces a plurality of method schematic diagrames with sound of different attribute when proposing, and has described the situation that produces simultaneously two different attribute sound in figure, wherein 7 the and 8 relief fabric sequences that represent respectively two different attributes.
Fig. 7 is the music score in specific embodiment.
Fig. 8 is fundamental curve;
(a) be the corresponding fundamental curve of high part in Fig. 7 music score,
(b) Fig. 7 music score is controlled the fundamental curve of model correction through fundamental frequency.
Fig. 9 is fundamental curve;
(a) be the corresponding fundamental curve of low part in Fig. 7 music score,
(b) control the fundamental curve of model correction through fundamental frequency for Fig. 7 music score.
Figure 10 is relief fabric sequence length curve;
(a) be the length curve of the relief fabric sequence of the high part in Fig. 7 music score,
(b) be the length curve of the relief fabric sequence of low part in Fig. 7 music score.
Figure 11 is the loudness of a sound curve;
(a) be the loudness of a sound curve of the high part in Fig. 7 music score,
(b) be the loudness of a sound curve of low part in Fig. 7 music score.
Figure 12 is relief fabric sequence altitude curve;
(a) be the relief fabric sequence altitude curve of the high part in Fig. 7 music score,
(b) be the relief fabric sequence altitude curve of low part in Fig. 7 music score.
The specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind ofly in the Vehicle Driving Cycle process, the mode that contacts with road surface by tire produces the method for musical sound.As accompanying drawing 1, vehicle is on the road surface in driving process, the physical arrangement that is periodic undulations on tire and road surface contacts, generation has the sound of fundamental frequency, can produce a plurality of sound with different attribute, its combination results music according to a plurality of relief fabric sequences with different attribute of music score setting.What it should be noted that accompanying drawing 1 description is the application scenarios of this patent, and for simplicity, in figure, the physical attribute of all periodic undulations structures is all identical, and the physical attribute of relief fabric can be not identical in actual applications.
Thereby the below illustrates the method that physical attribute that the present invention controls road surface periodic undulations structure change to produce fundamental frequency, the duration of a sound, loudness of a sound and the tone color of musical sound:
(1) fundamental frequency: the frequency with fundamental tone in periodic sound is called fundamental frequency.The road surface relief fabric that the present invention proposes has periodically, and vehicle tire in motion can contact with the relief fabric generating period on the road surface, has periodic sound thereby produce, and the fundamental frequency of sound is decided by the periodicity of road surface relief fabric.We define car speed is constant v, the length of single relief fabric is l, the time that vehicle crosses single relief fabric is p=l/v, two relief fabrics as shown in accompanying drawing 31, and vehicle can produce the sound that fundamental frequency is f=1/p when crossing a plurality of relief fabric with equal length.It should be noted that in music, the fundamental frequency of most of musical sounds is not changeless, but time dependent.Two relief fabrics as shown in accompanying drawing 32, for the fundamental frequency temporal evolution of the sound that makes generation, we can change the length of single relief fabric.We can define a sequence with N relief fabric, and wherein the length of n relief fabric is l (n), and when vehicle crosses n relief fabric, sonorific instantaneous fundamental frequency is f (n)=v/l (n).In practical operation, that we define Vehicle Driving Cycle is t sometime, given fundamental curve f (t), and can obtain relief fabric length corresponding to this moment fundamental frequency is v/f (t).Musical sound for the reality performance, can obtain fundamental curve by the fundamental frequency extraction algorithm, for given music score, can be by existing fundamental curve generating algorithm, control model (Saitou as the fundamental frequency based on damping system, T.et al., " Development of an F0 control model based on F0 dynamic characteristics for singing-voice synthesis " Speech Commun., Vo1.46, pp.405-417,2005.), obtain the fundamental curve of continuously smooth.
(2) duration of a sound: vehicle crosses the time with sequence of N relief fabric and is the duration of a sound that this relief fabric produces musical sound, the i.e. duration of a sound.
(3) loudness of a sound: the power of sound be by when pronunciation the sounding body amplitude size determine, both are proportional, the larger loudness of a sound of amplitude is larger.In the present invention, the height of road surface relief fabric is directly proportional to sonorific amplitude, as accompanying drawing 4, can realize the continuous variation of loudness of a sound by the height of adjusting relief fabric.For the musical sound of reality performance or the musical sound that is produced by the synthetic method in electronic music, can calculate the envelope of its energy or amplitude, thereby obtain the loudness of a sound curve, can be according to predefined certain mapping mode, include but not limited to the mapping modes such as linearity, logarithm, index, loudness of a sound is mapped as the height of each road surface relief fabric.
(4) tone color: the tone color of sound is to be determined by the shape of its spectrum envelope.In the present invention, as accompanying drawing 5, can change sonorific spectrum envelope by the shape that changes the road surface relief fabric, thereby change the tone color of sound.It should be noted that only to have provided a few in accompanying drawing 5, the shape in practical application is not limited to this.The sound spectrum envelope that difform road surface relief fabric produces can obtain by existing acoustic method, as the method based on finite element and boundary element.For given musical instrument, we can play recording data to it and calculate spectrum envelope, and utilize the method for acoustics and iterative approach to obtain the road surface relief fabric shape the most similar with target musical instrument spectrum envelope.
According to said method, we can arrange for given single-tone melody corresponding road surface relief fabric, and idiographic flow is as follows:
(1) obtain fundamental curve by the instrument playing recording of analyzing this melody, or utilize the fundamental curve generating algorithm to generate fundamental curve from the sequence of notes that music score provides.
(2) length and the given Vehicle Speed according to note in melody obtains relief fabric sequence length corresponding to each note.Respectively to each relief fabric in sequence, according to corresponding instantaneous fundamental frequency constantly in fundamental curve, obtain the length of each structure, each relief fabric can be divided by all the relief fabric length product before it in the position on road surface and obtains.
(3) according to the musical sound recording data of actual instrument playing, calculate its loudness of a sound curve and spectrum envelope, utilize the mode identical with fundamental curve to each relief fabric, its height and shape to be set.
The recording data that it should be noted that above-mentioned actual instrument playing can also obtain by the synthetic method in the Computer Music field.
Often more than one of the note of playing simultaneously in music, this phenomenon is commonly referred to as complex tone (Polyphonic).The situation that the present invention is directed to complex tone has proposed solution: as accompanying drawing 6, can the many groups of horizontally set have the periodic undulations structure of different attribute in the scope that vehicle tyre covers, can produce simultaneously a plurality of musical sounds with different attribute.
The method that periodic undulations structure in road surface is set that the present invention proposes can be constructed in the following manner: lay at road surface the material that one deck is anti-skidding and have enough resistance to pressures, form periodically fluctuating, reach the purpose of structure periodic undulations structure.This laying method and material can with reference to but be not limited to method and the material of existing laying hot-melt vibrating graticule, namely use the materials such as heat molten type synthetic resin, utilize the construction of bucket formula method.Be with the difference of existing vibrating graticule job practices, fluctuating cycle and height, the shape of tradition vibrating graticule are fixed, and the physical attribute of the periodic undulations structure that the present invention proposes changes, so need to improve construction equipment, periodic undulations structure physics property parameters to be laid is deposited in the microcomputerized controller of construction equipment, construction equipment is constructed according to parameter.When needs are removed or are revised when having laid complete periodic undulations structure, also can be with reference to dismounting and the amending method construction of hot-melt vibrating graticule.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, provide a specific embodiment:
Suppose the speed of a motor vehicle in the situation of 100 kilometers per hour, the music that provides as shown in accompanying drawing 7 music score generates example.It should be noted that for brevity, the note quantity that in this example, the music score maximum is pronounced simultaneously is 2, can analogize according to aforesaid method when the note that pronounces simultaneously when needs is more.
As shown in Figure 7, this music score is four-quarter time, and (bpm, beat per minute) clapped in performance 60 per minute, and melody comprises a trifle altogether, namely 4 claps, and total duration is 4 seconds.According to per hour 100 kilometers of the speed of a motor vehicle, i.e. 27.78 meters calculating of per second, the periodic undulations structure sequence total length that can obtain the wish laying is 111.11 meters.can obtain its high part and the corresponding fundamental curve of low part melody according to music score, respectively as accompanying drawing 8 (a) and accompanying drawing 9 (a), utilize subsequently aforesaid fundamental frequency control method based on damping system, can obtain the fundamental curve of continuously smooth, respectively as accompanying drawing 8 (b) and accompanying drawing 9 (b), the below's first relief fabric from the relief fabric sequence begins, calculate the length of each relief fabric in the mode of iteration: from first relief fabric, inquire about the instantaneous fundamental curve of this structure place time point, obtain the instantaneous fundamental frequency value in this moment, be converted to the length of this structure, the duration of all relief fabrics that during next iteration, cumulative front has obtained obtains the time point at current calculative structure place, can obtain the length of this structure according to preceding method, until in whole sequence, the length of all relief fabrics is all calculated complete.Accompanying drawing 10 (a), (b) have provided respectively in above-mentioned music score in the corresponding relief fabric sequence of height part each relief fabric length about the curve of relief fabric sequence number.
suppose the height from above-mentioned music score, extract respectively as accompanying drawing 11 (a) in the actual performance recording of low part, (b) the loudness of a sound curve shown in, utilize the aforementioned method that is converted to length curve at fundamental curve the loudness of a sound Curve transform can be the curve of loudness of a sound about the relief fabric sequence number, then can loudness of a sound be mapped as the height of each relief fabric according to predefined certain mapping mode, here for simplicity, take Linear Mapping as example provides single relief fabric height about the curve of relief fabric sequence number, it is altitude curve, respectively as accompanying drawing 12 (a), (b) shown in.
In the controller that deposits length curve and the altitude curve of relief fabric sequence in construction equipment during construction, construction equipment can arrange according to above-mentioned two curves length and the height of each relief fabric.
Although disclose for the purpose of illustration specific embodiments of the invention and accompanying drawing, its purpose is help to understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, various replacements, variation and modification are all possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to most preferred embodiment and the disclosed content of accompanying drawing.
Claims (9)
1. a music road surface, is characterized in that comprising a supercrust, and described supercrust surface is provided with one or more fluctuating sequences; Wherein, each described fluctuating sequence comprises the relief fabric of a plurality of periodic arrangement; Each described relief fabric and definite according to the fundamental curve of setting the corresponding music of the speed of a motor vehicle and music to be laid road surface institute in the position on road surface.
2. music as claimed in claim 1 road surface, is characterized in that described supercrust is provided with an anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer, on described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer surface, described fluctuating sequence is set.
3. music as claimed in claim 1 or 2 road surface is characterized in that a plurality of described fluctuating sequences follow on described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer surface to sail direction and arrange side by side.
4. music as claimed in claim 1 or 2 road surface is characterized in that determining according to total duration of setting musical sound corresponding to the speed of a motor vehicle and described fluctuating sequence or complex tone sequence the length of described fluctuating sequence; Determine number and the length of relief fabric described in described fluctuating sequence according to the fundamental frequency of setting musical sound corresponding to the speed of a motor vehicle and described fluctuating sequence or complex tone; The musical sound corresponding according to described fluctuating sequence or the loudness of a sound of complex tone are determined the height of described relief fabric; The musical sound that described fluctuating sequence is corresponding or the tone color of complex tone are determined the shape of described relief fabric.
5. music as claimed in claim 4 road surface is characterized in that adopting the method for finite element and boundary element, perhaps adopts the method for acoustics and iterative approach to determine the shape of described relief fabric.
6. music as claimed in claim 1 or 2 road surface, is characterized in that described relief fabric is to follow the thrust of sailing the direction periodic arrangement.
7. music as claimed in claim 1 or 2 road surface, is characterized in that described anti-skidding pressure-resistant material layer is the heat molten type material layer.
8. music as claimed in claim 2 road surface, is characterized in that preparing described fluctuating sequence by the method for hot-melt vibrating graticule on described supercrust.
9. a music generating method, is characterized in that Vehicle Driving Cycle in music as claimed in claim 1 road surface, and vehicle tyre contacts with the relief fabric of described fluctuating sequence, produces the sound of fundamental frequency corresponding to fluctuating sequence that contact.
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| CN2013100725637A CN103174077A (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2013-03-07 | Music pavement and music generation method |
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| CN2013100725637A CN103174077A (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2013-03-07 | Music pavement and music generation method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104612077A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-13 | 徐英杰 | Expressway marked line with audiovisual function |
| CN105019330A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-04 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | Raised music pavement and construction method thereof |
| CN108396610A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-14 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of music highway pavement |
| CN115613486A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-17 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Music road surface safety guidance system |
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| CN104612077A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-05-13 | 徐英杰 | Expressway marked line with audiovisual function |
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| CN108396610A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-14 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of music highway pavement |
| CN115613486A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-17 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Music road surface safety guidance system |
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Application publication date: 20130626 |