CN103172411A

CN103172411A - Method for producing high-quality oyster mushroom culture medium by taking kitchen wastes and sawdust as raw materials through joint treatment

Info

Publication number: CN103172411A
Application number: CN201110443160XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 詹文圆
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-12-22
Filing date: 2011-12-22
Publication date: 2013-06-26

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a high-quality oyster mushroom culture medium by taking kitchen wastes and sawdust as raw materials through joint treatment, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural production and can be applied to production of oyster mushroom culture media. The method comprises the following steps of: after the kitchen wastes are mixed with the sawdust of broadleaf wood, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixture with specific microbial populations, performing physical drying treatment on the fermented mixture, and adding and supplementing nutrients to the dried mixture, thus obtaining the high-quality oyster mushroom culture medium. According to the method, the problems that the kitchen wastes are difficult to process and the use ratio of high-nutrition organic matters is low at present are solved, so that the method has an ultrahigh practical value.

Description

A kind of take changing food waste and wood chip as the method for main raw material through combination treatment production high-quality flat mushroom substratum

Technical field

This patent is a kind of technology for production high-quality flat mushroom base in field of agricultural production technologies, belongs to the Edible Fungi technology category in agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Changing food waste refers to food waste and the food residues of family, school, machine-operated canteen and catering industry, it is the chief component of domestic waste, proportion Beijing 37% in municipal wastes, Tianjin 54%, Shanghai 59%, Shenyang 62%, Shenzhen 57%, Guangzhou 57%, Jinan 41%.Compare with Other Waste, have water content, organic content, fat content and a salt content high, the characteristics such as nutritive element is abundant have very large recycling and are worth.

In the past, the feed that changing food waste is raised pigs mainly as Outskirts of City due to its source more complicated, very likely caused pathophoresis, was now prohibited by government.And in daily life, the resident sneaks into changing food waste in domestic refuse usually, delivers to garbage collection points by plastics bag, makes the composition of domestic waste and characteristic that variation occur.Changing food waste deposit, collect, in transhipment and garbage loading embeading process, due to its water ratio and organic content higher, very easily rot within a short period of time smelly and grow mosquitos and flies etc., greatly polluted surrounding environment.In addition, burning is arranged the method for disposal of food wastes usually and fertilizer produced by landfill, compost and anaerobically fermenting is produced four kinds of biogas, but all have the defective of each side:

Burning disposal: if domestic waste is burned, due to the moisture content of changing food waste usually up to 90% left and right, thermal value is 2100kj/kg, burn together with other rubbish, the thermal value that not only can not satisfy waste incineration and generating electricity requires (being more than 5000kj/kg), can cause on the contrary incinerator to burn insufficient and produce dioxin.

Landfill disposal: if domestic refuse is carried out landfill, can should not process because the changing food waste moisture content of sneaking into is high equally.

Fertilizer is processed: because saltiness in changing food waste is higher, therefore produce fertilizer by compost, be applied in soil, may produce the hidden danger of salting of soil, and owing to being mixed with the objects such as wooden chopsticks, plastics soup ladle, glass cullet in changing food waste, must process through sorting before fertilizer is processed, otherwise be applied in the farmland, must cause soil pollution.

Anaerobically fermenting is produced biogas: with producing biogas from kitchen wastes by anaerobic fermentation, its product is methane, carbonic acid gas and water, its abundant organic composition is not utilized, compare with the production culture medium of edible fungus, aspect the recycle of resource, there is no advantage (the useless bacterium bag after Edible Fungi can be applicable to biogas production equally).

And burning, landfill, compost and four kinds for the treatment of measures of anaerobically fermenting production biogas, in fact also exist waste large amount of organic and the not high problem of high nutrition organism utility value.

Wood chip refers to the product of leaf wood limb after pulverization process generally is powdery or granular, and its main component is fiber 31.5%, hemicellulose 17.6%, xylogen 25.67%.Its Major Nutrient defective is crude protein content too low (0.2%-1.5%), and content of lignin is too high, and the raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, is applied in Edible Fungi, needs degraded by fermentation, reduces content of lignin and raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio.

The flat mushroom substratum refers in the flat mushroom production process, the soilless culture substrate of the supply required moisture of mushroom growth and nutritive substance, flat mushroom belongs to wooden rotten edible mushrooms, its necessary for growth is decomposed a large amount of nutritive substance of absorption from cultivation matrix, mainly contain the materials such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, sugar, protein, trace element, mineral element.Because flat mushroom degrade coarse fibers ability is strong, carbon-nitrogen ratio requires lower by (40: 1-50: 1), therefore in actual production process, can adopt the fermentation wood chip as main carbon source relatively in process of growth.

Changing food waste and wood chip are produced the flat mushroom substratum by combined pretreatment, have following advantage;

1. take full advantage of the organotrophy in raw material, product is the higher flat mushroom fresh goods of nutritive value, economic worth and the organic useless bacterium bag that can continue recycle.

2. ferment by biology aerobic and mode processing mode that physics oven dry combines, simple efficient, whole Production Flow Chart temperature is 70-100 degree centigrade, can effectively kill pathogenic bacterium and the objectionable impurities of degrading, product end of a period moisture＜12%, and the shelf time effectively increases.

3. after changing food waste and wood chip combination treatment, its product saltiness is 1.58%, and mushroom growth is had active effect (replenishing mineral salt and pre-antiforeign bacteria).

4. the objects such as the wooden chopsticks in changing food waste, plastics soup ladle, glass cullet only need pass through simple pulverization process, and mushroom growth without negative impact, is had promoter action to the substratum ventilation property.

5. in raw material, wood chip mixes the aerobe fermentation Degradation by the changing food waste with high nutrition, and the macromole content of lignin of can significantly degrading reduces its carbon-nitrogen ratio.

Summary of the invention

the present invention is by mixing changing food waste with leaf wood wood chip (6mm-10mm), blending ratio is (to determine according to changing food waste water content and quality) between 1: 1 to 2: 1, be crushed to the 2mm-10mm particle after mixing, adjust moisture to 60%, adjust the pH value to neutrality, access is carried out aerobic fermentation through the specified microorganisms population (thermoactinomyces etc.) of screening, fermentation time is 3-5 week (determining according to wood chip and changing food waste palliating degradation degree), during this time, sample detecting, adjust stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio to 45 according to detected result: 1-42: 1 (siccative meter), be covered with the actinomyces albus mycelia to the surface in fermentation, odorless has aromatising flavour, when moisture content is about 30%-35%, adopt the method for hyperthermia drying sterilising treatment, culture material moisture is reduced to below 12%.

Simultaneously due in aerobic fermentation and drying course, required some the micro-losses of mushroom growth are excessive, so the changing food waste after the process hyperthermia drying-wood chip mixing raw material, need according to the mushroom growth demand, add trace element replenisher (mineral elements such as group vitamins and magnesium potassium), the end product leading indicator is: crude protein 8%, robust fibre 40% (content of lignin＜15%), nitrogen-free extract＞25%, coarse ash＜6%, moisture＜12%, it is required that every VITAMIN and mineral salts reach mushroom growth, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 40: 1.

Embodiment

1. changing food waste and wood chip pre-treatment

1) measure the food garbage water content, determine wood chip blending ratio (after mixing, moisture is 55%-60%) according to water content

2) mixed food garbage and wood chip are crushed to the 2mm-10mm particle through wet-material disintegrator.

3) admix lime water, adjust stockpile pH to 6.5-7.5.

2. aerobic fermentation is processed

1) will pile through pretreated raw material the stockpile of 60cm-90cm, microbial starter culture (thermoactinomyces group etc.) after the access screening carries out aerobic fermentation, determine the turning time according to the stockpile heat-up rate, after stockpile is warming up to 70 degrees centigrade, keep after 24 hours turning once, whole fermentation period keeps the stockpile medial temperature to be not less than 65 degrees centigrade, measures weekly raw material moisture and detects the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio.

2) according to the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio, add the organic nitrogen sources such as wood chip or interpolation urea, adjust the stockpile carbon-nitrogen ratio 45: 1-42: between 1.

3) at fermentation 3-5 after week, the stockpile surface is covered with the actinomyces albus mycelia, and odorless has aromatising flavour, and when moisture content was about 30%-35%, aerobic fermentation stopped.

3. hyperthermia drying is processed

With the raw material after by fermentation, do through the drum-type drying bake oven, ending is masked as moisture＜12%.

4. interpolation nutritious supplementary

Detect raw material carbon-nitrogen ratio and Trace Elements, according to detected result, add nutritious supplementary: vitamin B complex 0.05%-0.2%, gypsum 1%-2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%-1%, sal epsom 0.1%-0.2%, Semen Maydis powder 1%-5%. corn cob meal 5%-10%.The end product leading indicator is: crude protein 8%, and robust fibre 40% (content of lignin＜15%), nitrogen-free extract＞25%, coarse ash＜6%, moisture＜12%, it is required that every VITAMIN and mineral salts reach mushroom growth, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 40: 1.

5. finished product packing

After inspection after construction is qualified, put in storage in the woven bag of packing into as requested.

Claims

Claimed with changing food waste as the use of raw material in the flat mushroom substratum.
Claimed with changing food waste and wood chip two class urban lifes and agricultural byproduct as raw material in the mixing that is produced on the flat mushroom substratum and treatment process.