CN103172354B - Preparation method of fracturing propping agent for exploiting shale gas - Google Patents
Preparation method of fracturing propping agent for exploiting shale gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fracturing propping agent for exploiting shale gas. The method comprises the following steps of: with low-grade alum earth as the main raw material, adding a composite sintering aid on the basis of the main raw material; and forming mixed sludge by taking a stainless steel ball as a grinding medium and using a continuous dry grinding process and a continuous wet grinding process, then, aging and carrying out spray granulation to obtain loose granules, dispersing the granules, then, rolling by using a ball forming mill to obtain a semi-finished product of a blank ball, drying the semi-finished product of the blank ball, and then, sintering the semi-finished product of the blank ball in a high-temperature mechanical shaft kiln or rotary kiln to obtain the special ultralow-density and high-strength fracturing propping agent for exploiting shale gas. The continuous dry grinding process and the continuous wet grinding process are adopted in the method, and the high-mass steel ball is used as the grinding medium, so that the uniformity and the stability of all raw materials in the slurry are ensured, the ball milling efficiency is increased, and no grinding aid is required. The formation of a long columnar mullite is promoted through a sintering way integrated with the continuous dry grinding process, the continuous wet grinding process, the composite sintering aid and the mechanical shaft kiln or rotary kiln, and the content of the columnar mullite in the product is up to 70-80%.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method who the present invention relates to a kind of shale gas exploitation fracturing propping agents, belongs to new material technology field.
Background technology
Shale gas is different from conventional reservoir gas Tibetan, and shale is the source rock that Sweet natural gas generates, and is also reservoir and the cap rock of assembling and preserve Sweet natural gas.The reservoir of shale gas reservoir is generally the physical property characteristic of low hole, low permeability, and the resistance ratios conventional gas of air-flow is large.China's shale gas porosity is generally 1% to 3%, and shale gas permeability of reservoir is low, and exploitation difficulty is larger, and therefore the ultimate recovery factor of shale gas depends on effective fracturing methods.
In fracturing technology, fracturing liquid is produced crack to stratum, for passage is opened in the migration of shale gas, for preventing under formation closure pressure condition, crack is slowly closed, stop shale gas migration, need to use fracturing propping agents, fracturing propping agents enter stratum with fracturing liquid, after making seam, fracturing liquid rests in slit, stop crack closure, form the support belt of a high flow conductivity, assurance shale gas is successfully migrated.Therefore, fracturing propping agents be affect fracturing technology to pass factor.Because propping agent need to rest on the underground of several kms, and formation closure pressure is large, and fracturing propping agents not only need there is good temperature tolerance, also will have enough anti-pressure abilities.
At present on frscturing market, widely used propping agent has natural siliceous sand, the low-density aluminum silicate proppants of medium tenacity, the artificial highdensity aluminum oxide of medium tenacity and natural sand or the artificial stays agent of silicate propping agent, high-intensity bauxitic clay and high-intensity zirconium silicate propping agent and coating Procuring coating and curable coating resin.
With raw mineral materialss such as bauxitic clays, prepare the existing patent report of development of oil fracturing ceramsite propping agent.The Chinese patent that is 201010231375.0 as application number discloses a kind of high-strength ceramic proppant, and its raw material consists of: bauxitic clay raw material 80～90%, barite 2～10%, alum 0.1～0.6%, ferric oxide 4～10%, manganese ore stone flour 3～8%; Application number is that 201210274744.3 Chinese patent discloses a kind of low density petroleum fracturing propping agent, calculates by weight, comprises 40～90 parts of bauxitic clays, 1～30 part of 5～30 parts of clays and supplementary additive.It is main raw material that aforementioned ceramsite propping agent all adopts fine aluminum alumina, and because high-quality resource is day by day deficient, for avoiding the wasting of resources simultaneously cost-saving again, with the alternative fine aluminum alumina of low-grade bauxite, preparing ceramsite propping agent becomes inexorable trend.Application number is that 201210326914.8 Chinese patent discloses low-grade bauxite ore deposit and prepares ceramsite propping agent, it is prepared from by the raw material of following mass percent: bauxite 85-94%, clay 0-5%, iron oxide 2-6%, titanium dioxide 0-4%, Manganse Dioxide 2-6%, pass through ball milling, moulding, burn till and make product.This invention has reduced the requirement of ceramsite sand propping agent to bauxite grade, reduced the raw materials cost of product, but a large amount of fusing point low and high temperature volatile matter has been introduced in this invention, cannot effectively control propping agent crystalline structure, the fluctuation of bauxitic clay raw materials quality causes propping agent performance to fluctuate thereupon.Patent CN201210116790.0 discloses a kind of production technique of utilizing low-grade bauxite to prepare ceramsite propping agent, and main body process comprises: will after low-grade bauxite ore reduction, be made into compound with auxiliary material; Secondary wet-milling to mud granularity is 5～20 microns, the mud after old is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out after drying-granulating forms discrete particle breaing up, and sends into dry-burn till in system ensemble and dry, burn till after the rolling granulation of further spraying; The waste heat producing in sintering process leads to spray-drying tower utilization.This invention has adopted low-grade bauxite ore deposit as major ingredient, to making rational use of resources, reduce energy consumption, played active effect, but there is following limitation in the method: (1) adopts at least 24 intermittent ball mills (specifically seeing Fig. 1) in actual production process in especially wet-milling step, need a large amount of equipment and manpower, maintenance cost is high, and investment floor space is large.Simultaneously, because the slurry gap of every table grinder ball milling is larger, need further homogenizing, thereby affected production schedule, and Production Flow Chart is difficult to control, the large and quality product of production cost easily fluctuates; (2) adopt the mode of intermittent ball milling, can not serialization produce; (3) adopting alumina balls during ball milling is grinding medium, and because alumina balls quality is light, Ball-milling Time is long, and efficiency is low, and energy consumption is large, and needs to add grinding aid; (4) crystal formation of the propping agent of producing is the special granular mullite alternate with column, and wherein the ratio of rod-like mullite only accounts for 40-50%, and due to the existence of a large amount of granular mullites, product performance mechanical property is not good.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of shale gas exploitation fracturing propping agents.The method, take low-grade bauxite as main raw material, is added the complex sintering aids of Li-Mg contained system on silicon on the basis of major ingredient; Take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, first adopt continous way dry method ball-milling technology, then continuous wet-grinding, form mixing mud, then carry out oldly, mist projection granulating obtains discrete particle; It is the powder of 5～20 microns that powder particle is broken up as grain graininess, through nodulizer rolling, obtain work in-process base ball, after oven dry, at high-temperature machinery shaft kiln or rotary kiln, burn till, by controlling firing process, with lower production cost, prepare the special fracturing propping agents of extremely-low density high strength shale gas efficiently.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the preparation method of fracturing propping agents for a kind of shale gas exploitation, is characterized in that:
(1) raw material and weight part (requiring the equal < 10mm of granularity of all raw materials):
Major ingredient: 80～95 parts of low-grade bauxites, 2～12 parts of kaolin; Complex sintering aids: 0.5～1 part, talcum, 0.2～0.5 part of diopside, 0.2～0.8 part of triphane, 0.1～1 part of illite, 0.2～1 part of silicon powder;
The chemical constitution of described low-grade bauxite and mass percent are Al
2o
344-55%, SiO
240-52%, TiO
21-2%, K
2o0.1-0.17%, Na
2o0.05-0.12%, CaO≤0.8%, MgO≤0.2%;
(2) dry grinding continuously: the raw material that step (1) is prepared packs continous way dry method ball mill ball milling into by automatical feeding system, crosses 180 mesh sieves, obtains expecting powder; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, material is 1:2～3 with the mass ratio of ball; Automatically homogenizing in cylindrical shell, the long 7.48m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.5m;
(3) continuous wet-grinding: step (2) gained powder is sent into continuous wet-grinding machine by automatical feeding system and carry out continuous wet-grinding to mud granularity and reach 5～20 microns, then send into the old 24 ± 2h of suction pit; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of material, ball, water is 1:2.5～3.5:0.5; Automatically homogenizing in cylindrical shell, the long 7.2m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.3m;
(4) mist projection granulating: the mud after old step (3) is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out drying-granulating, obtain water content and be 0.1～0.5% discrete particle;
(5) powder material scattering: use is broken up equipment the discrete particle of step (4) gained is broken up to the powder into particle diameter after continuous wet-grinding again;
(6) step (5) gained powder being obtained to granularity through nodulizer rolling is the spherical base substrate of 20-40 object propping agent;
(7) the spherical base substrate of propping agent step (6) being obtained is dry 24 ± 2h at 100～150 ℃ of temperature, then
A, be warming up to 1200～1350 ℃ burn till in cement mechanized shaft kiln with the rate of heating of 8～25 ℃/min from room temperature, insulation 2～6h, is wherein incubated 1h 800 ℃ time, is incubated 1h in the time of 1000 ℃; With the speed of cooling cooling of 25～45 ℃/min, obtain the special fracturing propping agents product of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density again.
B, in rotary kiln, fire and obtain the special fracturing propping agents product of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density; The rotating speed of described rotary kiln is 1.5-2 rev/min, and the highest firing temperature is 1380-1420 ℃, long 28 meters of kiln, and kiln out temperature is respectively 350,850 ℃, 1.5 hours ball base residence time.
Wherein, preferably adopt in cement mechanized shaft kiln and burn till.
The present invention adopts continous way dry method humidification method ball-milling technology, and this kind of ball-milling technology adopts equipment few, and floor space is few, has reduced cost of investment; The simple (see figure 2) of flow process, can produce in serialization.
Wherein: the intermittent ball mill contrast of continous way dry method ball mill of the present invention and continous way wet method ball mill mode and Fig. 1 is as follows:
Load contrast: according to same fineness requirement and grinding medium, 3 tons of continuous type ball mill dischargings per hour, 2 tons of the intermittent ball mill dischargings in every 12 hours of 2 tons.2 are ground (dry grinding continuously and 1 continuous wet-grinding for 1) 18 discharging output of intermittent ball mill that load equaled 2 tons in 1 day continuously, and wherein intermittent ball mill charging did not count with the time of discharging.
Power contrast: the power that continuous type ball mill (dry grinding and wet-milling) goes out 1 ton of material is 250*0.8*1/3*2=133KW; The power that the intermittent ball mill of 2 tons goes out 1 ton of material is 50*0.8*6=240KW.
Grinding medium of the present invention is Stainless Steel Ball, and it has high specific gravity, low abrasion, high sphericity and desirable hardness, can guarantee grinding efficiency and product performance.Through a large amount of experimental datas, draw: Stainless Steel Ball can shorten more than 1.5 times than alumina ceramic grinding ball milling time under condition of equivalent, and in life-time service process, repeatedly abrasion and the subsurface defect of Stainless Steel Ball are smaller, can guarantee for a long time high grinding efficiency.
The present invention adopts cement mechanized shaft kiln to fire and forms, whole process adopts mechanized operation, wholly computer controlled, guarantee production efficiency, reduce labour intensity, less manufacturing cost, can, in the insulation simultaneously for a long time of multiple spot under the condition of high temperature, avoid crystal to divide phase reaction simultaneously, can not form a difficult problem for long column shape mullite phase, avoid internal stress to produce, the quality of enhancing product performance.
The special fracturing propping agents performance index of shale gas of the present invention are according to SY/T5108-2006, and " fracturing propping agents performance test recommend method " tested, and test result is: volume density≤1.45g/cm
3; Volume density≤2.65g/cm
3; 52MPa locking pressure percentage of damage 1.5～3%; 69MPa locking pressure percentage of damage 5～7%; Acid resistance < 3%.
The inventive method compared with prior art, has following significant advantage:
1, the present invention is dry grinded and is improved material homogeneity, by complex sintering aids, promotes solid state sintering with continuous type wet grinding process by continous way; By controlling ball base, at the firing mode of mechanical type shaft kiln or the insulation of rotary kiln different sites, jointly promote the formation of long column shape mullite, in product, the content of rod-like mullite reaches 70-80%.
2, the present invention adopts continous way dry method ball milling to add wet-grinding technology and relative device, guarantees homogeneity, the stability of each raw material in slurry, has improved grinding efficiency, and employing equipment is few, and floor space is few, has reduced cost of investment, can also serialization produce simultaneously, and energy consumption is little; Adopt the Stainless Steel Ball that quality is large is grinding medium simultaneously, improves mill efficiency.
3, special fracturing propping agents of shale gas of the present invention and preparation method thereof utilize ready-made ripe device fabrication, without increasing other equipment investments, can produce the special fracturing propping agents of high-performance shale gas with lower cost, there is significant social benefit, environmental benefit, economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of intermittent type ball milling method;
Fig. 2 is the process flow sheet of continous way dry grinding+continous way of the present invention wet-milling.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but be not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1:
Raw material index: the chemical composition of low-grade bauxite and mass percent are: Al
2o
344%, SiO
250%, TiO
21.2%, K
2o+Na
2o0.18%, CaO0.6%, MgO0.15%.Triphane containing lithium amount be 3.8wt%.The performance index of other raw materials are in Table 1.
The chemical constitution of other raw materials of table 1 and weight part
(1) obtain respectively satisfactory each raw material accurate proportioning by weight, low-grade bauxite: kaolin: talcum: diopside: triphane: illite: silicon powder=86 part: 11 parts: 1 part: 0.5 part: 0.5 part: 0.5 part: 0.5 part.
(2) raw material step 1 being prepared packs continous way dry method ball mill ball milling into by automatical feeding system, crosses 180 mesh sieves, obtains formulation material powder.Milling parameters is: the long 7.48m of ball mill barrel, and barrel diameter 1.5m, material: ball mass ratio is 1:2.5,3.3 tons of dischargings per hour,
(3) continuous wet-grinding: step (2) gained powder is sent into continuous wet-grinding machine by automatical feeding system and carry out continuous wet-grinding to mud granularity and reach 20 microns, then send into the old 24h of suction pit; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of material, ball, water is 1:2.5:0.5, the long 7.2m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.3m;
(4) mist projection granulating: the mud after old step (3) is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out drying-granulating, obtain water content and be 0.1% discrete particle;
(5) powder material scattering: the discrete particle that uses the equipment of breaing up that step (4) is obtained is broken up the powder into particle diameter after wet-milling again;
(6) step (5) gained powder being obtained to granularity through nodulizer rolling is the spherical base substrate of 20-40 object propping agent;
(7) the spherical base substrate of step (6) propping agent that obtains is dried after 24h at 100～150 ℃ of temperature, in cement mechanized shaft kiln, with the rate of heating of 8～25 ℃/min, from room temperature, being warming up to 1200～1350 ℃ burns till, insulation 2～6h, wherein be incubated 1h 800 ℃ time, in the time of 1000 ℃, be incubated 1h, with the cooling of 25～45 ℃/min speed of cooling, obtain the special fracturing propping agents product of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density again.
The ceramsite propping agent of according to oil and gas industry standard < < fracturing propping agents performance test recommend method > > SY/T5108-2006 being prepared by the present embodiment is tested, and main performance index are in Table 2.
Embodiment 2:
Raw material index: the chemical composition of low-grade bauxite and mass percent are: Al
2o
345%, SiO
249%, TiO
21.5%, K
2o+Na
2o0.18%, CaO0.5%, MgO0.18%.The other the same as in Example 1.
(1) obtain respectively satisfactory each raw material accurate proportioning by weight: low-grade bauxite: kaolin: talcum: diopside: triphane: illite: silicon powder=87 part: 10 parts: 0.8 part: 0.5 part: 0.7 part: 0.3 part: 0.7 part.
(2) raw material step (1) being prepared packs continous way dry method ball mill ball milling into by automatical feeding system, crosses 180 mesh sieves, obtains formulation material powder.Milling parameters is: the long 7.48m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.5m, material: ball=1:2.8,3.2 tons of dischargings per hour.
(3) continuous wet-grinding: step (2) gained powder is sent into continuous wet-grinding machine by automatical feeding system and carry out continuous wet-grinding to mud granularity and reach 15 microns, then send into the old 26h of suction pit; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of material, ball, water is 1:2.8:0.5, the long 7.2m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.3m;
(4) mist projection granulating: the mud after old step (3) is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out drying-granulating, obtain water content and be 0.3% discrete particle;
(5) powder material scattering: use is broken up equipment the discrete particle of step (4) gained is broken up to the powder into particle diameter after wet-milling again;
(6) step (5) gained powder being obtained to granularity through nodulizer rolling is the spherical base substrate of 20-40 object propping agent;
(7) the spherical base substrate of step (6) propping agent that obtains after dry 26h, is fired and obtained the special fracturing propping agents product of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density at 100～150 ℃ of temperature in rotary kiln; The rotating speed of described rotary kiln is 1.5 revs/min, and the highest firing temperature is 1380-1420 ℃, long 28 meters of kiln, and kiln out temperature is respectively 350,850 ℃, 1.5 hours ball base residence time.
The ceramsite propping agent of according to oil and gas industry standard < < fracturing propping agents performance test recommend method > > SY/T5108-2006 being prepared by the present embodiment is tested, and main performance index are in Table 2.
Embodiment 3:
Raw material index: the chemical composition of low-grade bauxite and mass percent are: Al
2o
344.5%, SiO
248%, TiO
21.1%, K
2o+Na
2o0.2%, CaO0.8%, MgO0.2%.The performance index of other raw materials are in Table 1.
(1) obtain respectively satisfactory each raw material accurate proportioning by weight: low-grade bauxite: kaolin: talcum: diopside: triphane: illite: silicon powder=86.5 part: 11 parts: 1 part: 0.3 part: 0.5 part: 0.5 part: 0.2 part.
(2) raw material step (1) being prepared packs continous way dry method ball mill ball milling into by automatical feeding system, crosses 180 mesh sieves, obtains formulation material powder, milling parameters is: the long 7.48m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.5m, material: ball=1:3,3.5 tons of dischargings per hour.
(3) continuous wet-grinding: step (2) gained powder is sent into continuous wet-grinding machine by automatical feeding system and carry out continuous wet-grinding to mud granularity and reach 8 microns, then send into the old 22h of suction pit; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of material, ball, water is 1:3.5:0.5, the long 7.2m of ball mill barrel, barrel diameter 1.3m;
(4) mist projection granulating: the mud after old step (3) is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out drying-granulating, obtain water content and be 0.5% discrete particle;
(5) powder material scattering: use is broken up equipment the discrete particle of step (4) gained is broken up to the powder into particle diameter after wet-milling again;
(6) step (5) gained powder being obtained to granularity through nodulizer rolling is the spherical base substrate of 20-40 object propping agent;
(7) the spherical base substrate of step (6) propping agent that obtains is dried after 22h at 100～150 ℃ of temperature, in cement mechanized shaft kiln, with the rate of heating of 8～25 ℃/min, from room temperature, being warming up to 1200～1350 ℃ burns till, insulation 2～6h, wherein be incubated 1h 800 ℃ time, in the time of 1000 ℃, be incubated 1h, with the cooling of 25～45 ℃/min speed of cooling, obtain the special fracturing propping agents product of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density again.
According to oil and gas industry standard < < fracturing propping agents performance test recommend method > > SY/T5108-2006 to the present embodiment
The ceramsite propping agent of preparation is tested, and main performance index are in Table 2.
The performance index of ceramsite propping agent prepared by table 2 embodiment 1-3
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for fracturing propping agents for shale gas exploitation, is characterized in that,
(1) raw material and weight part:
Major ingredient: 80～95 parts of low-grade bauxites, 2～12 parts of kaolin;
Complex sintering aids: 0.5～1 part, talcum, 0.2～0.5 part of diopside, 0.2～0.8 part of triphane, 0.1～1 part of illite, 0.2～1 part of silicon powder;
The chemical constitution of described low-grade bauxite and mass percent are Al
2o
344-55%, SiO
240-52%, TiO
21-2%, K
2o 0.1-0.17%, Na
2o 0.05-0.12%, CaO≤0.8%, MgO≤0.2%;
(2) dry grinding continuously: the raw material that step (1) is prepared packs continuous dry method ball mill ball milling into by automatical feeding system, crosses 180 mesh sieves, obtains expecting powder; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of raw material and Stainless Steel Ball is 1:2～3;
(3) continuous wet-grinding: step (2) gained powder is sent into continuous wet-grinding machine by automatical feeding system and carry out continuous wet-grinding to mud granularity and reach 5～20 microns, then send into the old 24 ± 2h of suction pit; Milling parameters is: take Stainless Steel Ball as grinding medium, the mass ratio of raw material, Stainless Steel Ball and water is 1:2.5 ~ 3.5:0.5;
(4) mist projection granulating: the mud after old step (3) is pumped into spray-drying tower and carry out drying-granulating, obtain water content and be 0.1～0.5% discrete particle;
(5) powder material scattering: use is broken up equipment the discrete particle of step (4) gained is broken up to the powder into particle diameter after continuous wet-grinding again;
(6) step (5) gained powder being obtained to granularity through nodulizer rolling is the spherical base substrate of 20-40 object propping agent;
(7) the spherical base substrate of propping agent step (6) being obtained is dry 24 ± 2h at 100～150 ℃ of temperature, then in cement mechanized shaft kiln or rotary kiln, fires and obtains the special fracturing propping agents of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density;
Describedly in cement mechanized shaft kiln, fire and be specially: in cement mechanized shaft kiln, with the rate of heating of 8～25 ℃/min, from room temperature, be warming up to 1200～1350 ℃ and burn till, insulation 2～6h, is wherein incubated 1h 800 ℃ time, is incubated 1h in the time of 1000 ℃; With the speed of cooling of 25～45 ℃/min, lower the temperature again;
The highest firing temperature of described rotary kiln is 1380-1420 ℃.
2. the preparation method of fracturing propping agents for a kind of shale gas exploitation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (7) is fired and obtained the special fracturing propping agents of the high-intensity shale gas of extremely-low density in rotary kiln; The rotating speed of described rotary kiln is 1.5-2 rev/min.
3. the preparation method of fracturing propping agents for a kind of shale gas exploitation as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, long 28 meters of described rotary kiln, and kiln out temperature is respectively 350,850 ℃, 1.5 hours ball base residence time.
4. the preparation method of fracturing propping agents for a kind of shale gas exploitation as described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described step (2) is homogenizing in the automatic cylindrical shell of ball mill, the long 7.48m of cylindrical shell, barrel diameter 1.5m for dry grinding continuously.
5. the preparation method of fracturing propping agents for a kind of shale gas exploitation as described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that homogenizing in the automatic cylindrical shell of ball mill for described step (3) continuous wet-grinding, the long 7.2m of cylindrical shell, barrel diameter 1.3m.
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| CN104130764B (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2017-02-08 | 郑州市润宝耐火材料有限公司 | Additive for fracturing propping agent, fracturing propping agent and preparation method |
| CN104150882B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-02 | 金刚新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum oxide preparation of microbeads |
| CN105524607B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2018-01-26 | 金刚新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of method that low-density ceramic proppant is prepared using aluminous fly-ash as raw material |
| CN105586027A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-05-18 | 成都创源油气技术开发有限公司 | Preparation method of shale gas production fracturing propping agent |
| CN111960807A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-20 | 垣曲县刚玉陶粒有限责任公司 | Preparation method of medium-density ultrahigh-strength ceramsite proppant |
| CN112500170B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-11-30 | 西南石油大学 | Low-density silicon carbide-based complex-phase ceramsite proppant and preparation method thereof |
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