CN103172094A - Method for using waste aluminum ash and waste acid without causing pollution to environment - Google Patents

Method for using waste aluminum ash and waste acid without causing pollution to environment Download PDF

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CN103172094A
CN103172094A CN2013100875437A CN201310087543A CN103172094A CN 103172094 A CN103172094 A CN 103172094A CN 2013100875437 A CN2013100875437 A CN 2013100875437A CN 201310087543 A CN201310087543 A CN 201310087543A CN 103172094 A CN103172094 A CN 103172094A
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waste
spent acid
ash
filtrate
aluminium
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陈梅兰
陈玲皓
钱莹莹
周建伟
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Zhejiang Shuren University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保利用废铝灰渣和废酸的方法。步骤如下:1)配制废酸的质量百分比浓度为10~30%;2)取废铝灰渣粉,缓慢加入到步骤1)中所配制的废酸,80℃水浴加热3小时,加热期间缓慢搅拌;所述的废铝灰渣粉:废酸,固液体积比为1~5;3)反应完后趁热进行过滤,得到滤渣和滤液;4)用过量NaOH将滤液的pH调至12,静置抽滤,得到含铁滤渣和含铝滤液,含铁滤渣灼烧洗涤后得氧化铁;5)将含铝滤液用浓盐酸调pH至7~8,静置1小时,过滤,得到氢氧化铝沉淀,对该氢氧化铝沉淀进行反复冲洗,烘干高温煅烧后得到氧化铝产品。本发明不仅处理了废弃物也避免了资源的浪费,而且符合循环经济和节能减排的理念。

Figure 201310087543

The invention discloses an environment-friendly method for utilizing waste aluminum ash and waste acid. The steps are as follows: 1) Prepare the waste acid with a mass percentage concentration of 10-30%; 2) Take waste aluminum ash powder, slowly add it to the waste acid prepared in step 1), heat in a water bath at 80°C for 3 hours, and slowly Stirring; the waste aluminum ash powder: waste acid, the solid-to-liquid volume ratio is 1-5; 3) Filtrate while hot after the reaction to obtain filter residue and filtrate; 4) Adjust the pH of the filtrate to 12 with excess NaOH , standing for suction filtration to obtain iron-containing filter residue and aluminum-containing filtrate, iron oxide-containing filter residue was obtained after burning and washing; Aluminum hydroxide precipitates, the aluminum hydroxide precipitates are washed repeatedly, dried and calcined at high temperature to obtain alumina products. The invention not only disposes of wastes but also avoids the waste of resources, and conforms to the concepts of circular economy, energy saving and emission reduction.

Figure 201310087543

Description

环保利用废铝灰渣和废酸的方法Method for Environmentally Friendly Utilization of Waste Aluminum Ash and Waste Acid

技术领域 technical field

本发明利用铝灰渣和废酸在不同酸度、固液比、温度条件下的溶出率不同,经过多次反复试验,得出的一个氧化铝溶出率最高的工艺。该发明经过一系列的溶解、过滤、沉淀灼烧等过程,产出高纯度的氧化铝和氧化铁颜料。 The invention utilizes the different dissolution rates of aluminum ash and waste acid under different acidity, solid-to-liquid ratio, and temperature conditions, and obtains a process with the highest alumina dissolution rate through repeated tests. The invention goes through a series of processes of dissolution, filtration, precipitation and burning to produce high-purity alumina and iron oxide pigments.

背景技术 Background technique

目前在回收金属铝冶炼产生的铝灰渣和各种燃煤的锅炉产生的含铝量较高的粉煤灰都进行废弃处理,不但侵占林地,污染环境,大量含铝的资源被浪费。而钢铁清洗加工厂常用酸浸方法除去表层的铁锈,当浓度降到一定程度后不具有清洗作用后的酸液作为废酸处理,这个废酸液含有大量的铁离子,目前的处理也主要是通过中和沉淀等方法,不但浪费资源,而且产生大量的泥渣。 At present, the aluminum ash produced by metal aluminum smelting and the fly ash with high aluminum content produced by various coal-fired boilers are all discarded, which not only encroaches on forest land, pollutes the environment, and wastes a large amount of aluminum-containing resources. However, acid leaching is commonly used in iron and steel cleaning and processing plants to remove rust on the surface. When the concentration drops to a certain level, the acid solution that does not have cleaning effect is treated as waste acid. This waste acid solution contains a large amount of iron ions. The current treatment is mainly Through methods such as neutralization and precipitation, not only waste resources, but also produce a large amount of sludge.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种环保利用废铝灰渣和废酸的方法,步骤如下: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a method for environmentally friendly utilization of waste aluminum ash and waste acid, the steps are as follows:

1)配制废酸的质量百分比浓度为10~30%;  1) The mass percentage concentration of the prepared waste acid is 10~30%;

2)取废铝灰渣粉,缓慢加入到步骤1)中所配制的废酸,80℃水浴加热3小   时,加热期间缓慢搅拌;所述的废铝灰渣粉:废酸,固液体积比为1~5; 2) Take the waste aluminum ash powder, slowly add the waste acid prepared in step 1), heat in a water bath at 80°C for 3 hours, and stir slowly during the heating; the waste aluminum ash powder: waste acid, solid-liquid volume The ratio is 1~5;

3)反应完后趁热进行过滤,得到滤渣和滤液; 3) After the reaction is completed, filter while hot to obtain filter residue and filtrate;

4)用过量NaOH将滤液的pH调至12,静置抽滤,得到含铁滤渣和含铝滤液,含铁滤渣灼烧洗涤后得氧化铁; 4) Use excess NaOH to adjust the pH of the filtrate to 12, stand and filter with suction to obtain iron-containing filter residue and aluminum-containing filtrate, and obtain iron oxide after burning and washing the iron-containing filter residue;

5)将含铝滤液用浓盐酸调pH至7~8,静置1小时,过滤,得到氢氧化铝沉淀,对该氢氧化铝沉淀进行反复冲洗,烘干高温煅烧后得到氧化铝产品。 5) Adjust the pH of the aluminum-containing filtrate to 7-8 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, let it stand for 1 hour, and filter to obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The aluminum hydroxide precipitates are washed repeatedly, dried and calcined at high temperature to obtain alumina products.

所述的步骤1)中的废酸为钢铁清洗后的废酸(钢铁清洗加工厂常用酸浸方法除去表层的铁锈,当浓度降到一定程度后不具有清洗作用后的酸液作为废酸处理)。 The waste acid in the step 1) is the waste acid after steel cleaning (the acid leaching method is commonly used in steel cleaning processing plants to remove the rust on the surface, and when the concentration drops to a certain level, the acid solution that does not have cleaning effect is treated as waste acid ).

所述的步骤2)中的废铝灰渣粉为铝铸型厂废弃铝灰份,含铝元素含量为15%~35%,银灰色细粉末。 The waste aluminum ash powder in the step 2) is the waste aluminum ash in the aluminum casting factory, the content of aluminum elements is 15%-35%, and it is silver gray fine powder.

所述的1)中的废酸的质量百分比浓度为20%,所述的步骤2)中废铝灰渣粉:废酸固液体积比为1:4。 The mass percent concentration of the waste acid in 1) is 20%, and the solid-to-liquid volume ratio of waste aluminum ash powder: waste acid in step 2) is 1:4.

所述的步骤3)中的滤渣主要成分为二氧化硅,用作耐火砖材料、水泥、或铺路材料。 The main component of the filter residue in the step 3) is silicon dioxide, which is used as refractory brick material, cement, or paving material.

所述的步骤4)中的氧化铁红用作颜料。 The iron oxide red in the step 4) is used as a pigment.

本发明的有益效果:本发明不仅处理了废弃物也避免了资源的浪费,而且符合循环经济和节能减排的理念。 Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention not only disposes of wastes but also avoids waste of resources, and conforms to the concepts of circular economy and energy saving and emission reduction.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是环保利用废铝灰渣和废酸的方法流程图。 Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for environmentally friendly utilization of waste aluminum ash and waste acid.

图2是氧化铝产品。 Figure 2 is the alumina product.

图3是氧化铁红颜料。 Figure 3 is iron oxide red pigment.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的说明。本发明针对废铝灰渣粉或粉煤灰中铝及其化合物含量较高,来自钢铁清洗废酸浓度约为5%~8%,同时含大量铁离子。利用两种废料可以生产两种化工原料氧化铁和氧化铝,变废为宝。因废酸浓度不够高,实验中添加少量的盐酸,溶解废铝灰,对其中的氧化铝进行提取,铝及其化合物转变成铝盐,过滤去掉滤渣,滤液加碱使铝转变成偏铝酸盐进入溶液,废酸中的铁变成Fe(OH)2沉淀,二次过滤后滤液加酸调pH值成Al(OH)3沉淀析出,沉淀经洗涤后最灼烧得纯的Al2O3。二次过滤后的沉淀Fe(OH)2经过灼烧得氧化铁粉末,该粉末可做氧化铁红颜料,具体的技术路线流程图见图1。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The invention aims at the high content of aluminum and its compounds in waste aluminum ash powder or fly ash, the concentration of waste acid from iron and steel cleaning is about 5% to 8%, and a large amount of iron ions. Two kinds of chemical raw materials, iron oxide and aluminum oxide, can be produced by using two kinds of waste materials, turning waste into treasure. Because the concentration of the waste acid is not high enough, a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added in the experiment to dissolve the waste aluminum ash, extract the alumina, and the aluminum and its compounds are transformed into aluminum salts, and the filter residue is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is added with alkali to transform the aluminum into metaaluminate The salt enters the solution, and the iron in the waste acid turns into Fe(OH) 2 to precipitate. After the second filtration, the filtrate is added with acid to adjust the pH value to form Al(OH) 3 , which precipitates out. After the precipitate is washed, it is burnt to obtain pure Al 2 O 3 . The precipitated Fe(OH) 2 after secondary filtration is burned to obtain iron oxide powder, which can be used as iron oxide red pigment. The specific technical route flow chart is shown in Figure 1.

实施例1 Example 1

具体步骤如下: Specific steps are as follows:

一、15%的酸液 1. 15% acid solution

1、取50ml的废酸加入30ml浓盐酸,配制成酸度为15%的酸液。 1. Take 50ml of waste acid and add 30ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare an acid solution with an acidity of 15%.

2、取2g废铝灰渣粉,按1:4固废比缓慢加入1中所配制的酸液,80℃水浴加热2h,,加热期间缓慢搅拌。 2. Take 2g of waste aluminum ash powder, slowly add the acid solution prepared in 1 according to the solid waste ratio of 1:4, heat in a water bath at 80°C for 2 hours, and stir slowly during the heating period.

3、趁热进行过滤,滤渣用作耐火砖等材料,滤液测定发现铝溶出率为65~70%。 3. Filtrate while it is hot, and the filter residue is used as refractory bricks and other materials. The determination of the filtrate shows that the aluminum dissolution rate is 65~70%.

4、将滤液的pH调至12左右,静置过滤,滤渣主要为氢氧化亚铁,滤渣灼烧洗涤后得氧化铁(见图3),用于做颜料。滤液进行下一步操作。 4. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to about 12, let it stand and filter, the filter residue is mainly ferrous hydroxide, and the filter residue is burned and washed to obtain iron oxide (see Figure 3), which is used to make pigments. The filtrate is carried on to the next step.

5、滤液调pH至7~8,静置1h,过滤,得到氢氧化铝沉淀,对该沉淀进行反复冲洗,烘干后可得到氧化铝产品(见图2)。 5. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to 7~8, let it stand for 1 hour, and filter to obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The precipitates are washed repeatedly and dried to obtain alumina products (see Figure 2).

实施例2 Example 2

具体步骤如下: Specific steps are as follows:

一、20%的酸液 1. 20% acid solution

1、取50ml的废酸加入适量工业浓盐酸,配制成酸度为20%的酸液。 1. Take 50ml of waste acid and add appropriate amount of industrial concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare an acid solution with an acidity of 20%.

2、取2g废铝灰渣粉,按1:4固废比缓慢加入1中所配制的酸液,80℃水浴加热2h,,加热期间缓慢搅拌。 2. Take 2g of waste aluminum ash powder, slowly add the acid solution prepared in 1 according to the solid waste ratio of 1:4, heat in a water bath at 80°C for 2 hours, and stir slowly during the heating period.

3、趁热进行过滤,滤渣用作耐火砖等材料,滤液测定发现铝溶出率为70~75%。 3. Filtrate while it is hot, and the filter residue is used as refractory bricks and other materials. The determination of the filtrate shows that the aluminum dissolution rate is 70~75%.

4、将滤液的pH调至12左右,静置过滤,滤渣主要为氢氧化亚铁,滤渣灼烧洗涤后得氧化铁,用于做颜料。滤液进行下一步操作。 4. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to about 12, let it sit and filter, the filter residue is mainly ferrous hydroxide, and the filter residue is burned and washed to obtain iron oxide, which is used as a pigment. The filtrate is carried on to the next step.

5、滤液调pH至7~8,静置1h,过滤,得到氢氧化铝沉淀,对该沉淀进行反复冲洗,烘干后可得到氧化铝产品。 5. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to 7~8, let it stand for 1 hour, and filter to obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate is washed repeatedly, and the alumina product can be obtained after drying.

实施例3 Example 3

具体步骤如下: Specific steps are as follows:

一、25%的酸液 1. 25% acid solution

1、取50ml的废酸加入30ml工业浓盐酸,配制成酸度为25%的酸液。 1. Take 50ml of waste acid and add 30ml of industrial concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare an acid solution with an acidity of 25%.

2、取2g废铝灰渣粉,按1:4固废比缓慢加入1中所配制的酸液,80℃水浴加热2h,加热期间缓慢搅拌。 2. Take 2g of waste aluminum ash powder, slowly add the acid solution prepared in 1 according to the solid waste ratio of 1:4, heat in a water bath at 80°C for 2 hours, and stir slowly during the heating period.

3、趁热进行过滤,滤渣用作耐火砖等材料,滤液测定发现铝溶出率为70~75%。 3. Filtrate while it is hot, and the filter residue is used as refractory bricks and other materials. The determination of the filtrate shows that the aluminum dissolution rate is 70~75%.

4、将滤液的pH调至12左右,静置过滤,滤渣主要为氢氧化亚铁,滤渣灼烧洗涤后得氧化铁,用于做颜料。滤液进行下一步操作。 4. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to about 12, let it sit and filter, the filter residue is mainly ferrous hydroxide, and the filter residue is burned and washed to obtain iron oxide, which is used as a pigment. The filtrate is carried on to the next step.

5、滤液调pH至7~8,静置1h,过滤,得到氢氧化铝沉淀,对该沉淀进行反复冲洗,烘干后可得到氧化铝产品。 5. Adjust the pH of the filtrate to 7~8, let it stand for 1 hour, and filter to obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate is washed repeatedly, and the alumina product can be obtained after drying.

我们的工艺主要采用的为酸浸法,酸浸后的滤渣用作耐热材料,较小甚至可避免了进一步的排渣。该工艺中主要用酸为废酸,从而减低了生产成本,同时该工艺操作简单,适用于工业大规模生产。 Our process mainly adopts the acid leaching method, and the filter residue after acid leaching is used as a heat-resistant material, which is small and even avoids further slag discharge. In the process, acid is mainly used as waste acid, thereby reducing the production cost, and at the same time, the process is simple to operate and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Claims (6)

1. an environmental protection utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
1) mass percent concentration of preparation spent acid is 10 ~ 30%;
2) get aluminium scrap ash ground-slag, slowly join the spent acid of preparing in step 1), 80 ℃ of heating in water bath 3 hours slowly stirred between heating period; Described aluminium scrap ash ground-slag: spent acid, solid-liquid volume ratio are 1 ~ 5;
3) filter while hot after having reacted, obtain filter residue and filtrate;
4) with excessive NaOH, the pH of filtrate is transferred to 12, standing suction filtration obtains the iron content filter residue and contains aluminium filtrate, after iron content filter residue calcination washing ferric oxide;
5) will contain aluminium filtrate and transfer pH to 7 ~ 8 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing 1 hour, filter, obtain aluminum hydroxide precipitation, this aluminum hydroxide precipitation is rinsed repeatedly, obtain alumina product after the oven dry high-temperature calcination.
2. environmental protection as claimed in claim 1 utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that, the spent acid in described step 1) is the spent acid after iron and steel cleans.
3. environmental protection as claimed in claim 1 utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that described step 2) in aluminium scrap ash ground-slag be aluminium casting mold factory waste aluminium ash, containing aluminium element content is 15%~35% ,The silver gray fine powder.
4. environmental protection as claimed in claim 1 utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that described 1) in the mass percent concentration of spent acid be 20%; Described step 2) aluminium scrap ash ground-slag in: spent acid solid-liquid volume ratio is 1:4.
5. environmental protection as claimed in claim 1 utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that, the filter residue main component in described step 3) is silicon-dioxide, as refractory brick material, cement or pavior.
6. environmental protection as claimed in claim 1 utilizes the method for aluminium scrap lime-ash and spent acid, it is characterized in that, the red iron oxide in described step 4) is as pigment.
CN2013100875437A 2013-03-19 2013-03-19 Method for using waste aluminum ash and waste acid without causing pollution to environment Pending CN103172094A (en)

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CN106478020A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-08 浙江师范大学 A kind of use waste aluminium lime-ash prepares non-burning brick method
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