CN103160754A - Micro alloy steel cast steel wheel and manufacture method - Google Patents
Micro alloy steel cast steel wheel and manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro alloy steel cast steel wheel, which comprises the following chemical components by weight: 0.55-0.70% of C, greater than or equal to 0.15% of Si, 0.50-1.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.040% of S, 0.08-0.30% of Cr, 0.05-0.20% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.35% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of V, less than or equal to 0.060% of Al, less than or equal to 0.03% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of Nb and the balance of Fe. According to the invention, the microscale alloy is added for casting to form the micro alloy steel cast steel wheel which has a certain superiority on a railway high speed heavy load aspect. The hardness of the micro alloy steel wheel and the hardness of ZL-C grade steel wheel are equal, the wear resistance is 1.5 times of that of common cast steel wheels and rolled steel wheel CL 60, Compared with the ZL-B grade steel wheel, the tensile strength is increased by 4%, the yield strength is increased by 25%, and compared with ZL-C grade steel, the quenching degree is increased by 25%, and the addition of the microscale alloy element can increase the wear resistant performance and anti-cracking damage performance of the wheel.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the railway freight-car cast steel wheel and make the field, be specifically related to a kind of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology:
The developing direction of China's heavy haul railway shipping is embodied in heavy duty and two aspects that raise speed, heavy duty and these two factors of speed-raising have significantly increased wheel-rail contact force, Freight Car Axle Load is developed to 27t, 30t by 23t, 25t, travelling speed by 80km/h to the 120km/h transition, even for the so heavily loaded special line of Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway, the HEZD type wheel that uses has also only carried out profile optimization and has formed on former HDZD type wheel basis.The wheel material is still continued to use the ZL-B steel.Subsequently, the freight car wheel diameter of the heavy 27t of the axle of development and 30t increases to 915mm, and the wheel material becomes the ZL-C steel, and wheel hardness increases, and the wheel material slightly changes.In order further to satisfy the railway freight-car transporting demand, reduce the problem that the shipping wheel occurs in utilization, each wheel factory all at development test with the existing steel grade wheel of a kind of new steel grade wheel replacement.
The used cast steel wheel of Chinese Railway lorry is the normal carbon steel wheel, is divided into two kinds of ZL-B level and ZL-C levels.ZL-B level steel has toughness index and the good characteristics of heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance, but intensity and abrasion resisting performance are relatively low; ZL-C level steel has intensity and the high characteristics of hardness, but plasticity is relative with toughness index relatively poor.Existing wheel steel grade ZL-B level steel and ZL-C level steel wheel require the not exclusively contradiction of adaptation owing to existing with railway freight-car heavy duty, speed-raising, wheel exists the phenomenons such as comparatively serious shelled tread, scratch, rolling heap, the tread that produces because of wheel spalling revolves the amount of repairing increasing, change wheel frequent, Railway Freight Transportation is caused certain influence.
As one of core technology of railway freight-car wheel development, freight car wheel is the safety in utilization that how to guarantee wheel under the speed and heavy load operational conditions with research emphasis and the forward position direction of material.Heavy-duty freight car requires wheel under safe condition, improves wear resistance and the work-ing life of wheel, in order to guarantee wheel, enough wear resistancies and life-span is arranged, and must improve the hardness of wheel.Fast lorry requires wheel to have certain wear resistance and the heat resistanceheat resistant crackle forms ability, when reducing carbon content, keeps the hardness of wheel constant or increase.
The technical feasibility of so-called product is exactly the requirement that the performance of wheel material and car wheel structure can satisfy speed and heavy load.Research and develop railway freight-car micro-alloyed steel wheel and will strive making up the phenomenons such as the shelled tread of former ZL-B level steel, the existence of ZL-C level steel wheel, scratch.Wheel material, structure properties and the wear resistance of being on active service at present has been not enough to satisfy fully the requirement of railway speed-raising truck heavy duty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to make up the ZL-B level steel that in prior art, railway freight-car uses, the deficiency of ZL-C level steel wheel, a kind of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel and manufacture method thereof are proposed, measure by microalloying, intensity, hardness have not only been improved, guarantee wear resistance and work-ing life, and kept plasticity, toughness and heat resistanceheat resistant crackle to form ability.
The invention provides a kind of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, the weight percent of the chemical composition of described wheel is
C:0.55%-0.70%, Si: 〉=0.15%, Mn:0.50%-1.00%, P :≤0.030%, S :≤0.040%, Cr:0.08%-0.30%, Mo:0.05%-0.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.35%, V :≤0.04%, Al :≤0.060%, Ti :≤0.03%, Nb :≤0.05%, its surplus is Fe.
Preferably, C:0.60%, Si:0.34%, Mn:0.75%, P:0.013%, S:0.015%, Cr:0.12%, Mo:0.15%, Ni:0.03%, Cu:0.04%, Al:0.037%, Ti:0.001%, Nb:＜0.001%, its surplus is Fe.
Further, wheel diameter is 700-1050mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of manufacture method of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, said method comprising the steps of:
1) smelt high-quality molten steel: mainly take the railway heavy scrap as material, melting molten steel in electric arc furnace, gas and inclusion in oxygen blast dephosphorization, desulfurization, removal molten steel, about 1700 ℃ of tapping temperature enters and adopts in ladle step by step that deoxy technology carries out deoxidation and constituent adjustment to molten steel;
2) cast micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel: at first the molten steel that electrosmelting is good is poured in ladle, poured in the rising pouring bag by the ladle subpackage again, simultaneously the chemical composition of molten steel is regulated, trace alloying element is placed in the rising pouring bag and is baked to more than 900 ℃ with bag, wherein trace alloying element is Cr and Mo, and the trace alloying element that toasts with bag also can fully dissolve under molten steel impacts; The gravity casting method is adopted in the cast of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, after the rising pouring bag fills molten steel, by nozzle brick, molten steel is watered in the graphite die cavity of clamping station clamping and forms cast steel wheel;
3) the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel being carried out slow cooling processes: the method for slow cooling is the wheel after unpacking to be packed into innerly formed by refractory material laying, and periphery coats in the slowing cool barrel of steel plate reinforcement, with going out bucket after bucket Slow cooling certain hour;
4) ring furnace heat treated: the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel that step 3) is handled well heats in the continous way rotary heating furnace, temperature in stove≤1000 ℃, and residence time 2-4h can effectively control the microstructure homogenization of microalloy element, reduces segregation phenomena;
5) quench treatment: quench treatment is to carry out on quenching machine, and water is sprayed onto on wheel tread at the nozzle around wheel tread by circumference uniform distribution, water temperature 30-70 ℃; Quench treatment continues 3-8min under difference is sprayed water the comprehensive treating process of the water yield, different water spraying time.By can effectively controlling formation and the depth of hardening of tissue to the control of the water spray water yield, time, water temperature;
6) temper: wherein tempering temperature 400-500 ℃, tempering time 2-4h;
7) Shot Blasting: the disc to the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel carries out shot peening strengthening, carries out the disc surface Hardening Treatment, to improve drag and the safe range of stress to viscous deformation;
8) wheel check: extract the wheel sample and carry out the physicochemical property detection, comprise the detection of metallographic structure and the detection of physicals.
Further, the Cr that adds described step 2) and the content of Mo are: 0.08%≤Cr≤0.30%; 0.05%≤Mo≤0.20%.。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compare with common wheel, the present invention adopts and adds microalloy to pour into a mould, and the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel of formation has certain superiority aspect the railway high speed heavy duty.The hardness of micro-alloyed steel wheel is suitable with ZL-C level steel wheel, and wear resisting property is Normal Steel Casting wheel and rolled steel wheel (CL60) 1.5 times, and tensile strength improves 4% than ZL-B level steel wheel, and yield strength improves 25%, and hardening capacity improves 25% than ZL-C level steel.Trace alloying element add wear resisting property and the thermal crack resistant damage performance that has improved wheel.
Embodiment:
The manufacture method of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel of the present invention comprises following concrete steps:
1) smelt high-quality molten steel:
Produce cast steel wheel, at first will smelt the high quality molten steel of stable components, this is the basis of making the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel.Manufactory adopts the basic electric arc furnace melting at present, graphite is hung the moulding of water glass tamper, starting material and technique have all obtained strict control, the present invention is in basic electric arc furnace during melting, adopt oxygen blast to realize the refining techniques of large decarburized amount, effective gas and the inclusion in dephosphorization, desulfurization, removal molten steel, average decarburized amount is greater than 0.30%.
Mainly take the railway heavy scrap as material, melting molten steel in electric arc furnace, gas and inclusion in oxygen blast dephosphorization, desulfurization, removal molten steel, about 1700 ℃ of tapping temperature enters and adopts in ladle step by step that deoxy technology carries out deoxidation and constituent adjustment to molten steel.
2) cast micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel:
Micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel cast equipment mainly comprises ladle (teapot bag), rising pouring bag and cast clamping station.At first the molten steel that electrosmelting is good is poured in ladle, poured in the rising pouring bag by the ladle subpackage again, add simultaneously the elements such as C, Si, Mn, Al that composition is regulated, trace alloying element is chromium Cr and molybdenum Mo, trace alloying element is placed in the rising pouring bag and is baked to more than 900 ℃ with bag, and the trace alloying element that toasts with bag also can fully dissolve under molten steel impacts.The gravity casting method is adopted in the cast of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, after the rising pouring bag fills molten steel, by nozzle brick, molten steel is watered in the graphite die cavity of clamping station clamping and forms cast steel wheel.In the rising pouring bag, Oxygen Content in Liquid Steel is 30-50ppm, and hydrogen richness is 3-5ppm.Wherein need strictly to control the add-on of trace alloying element, wherein 0.08%≤Cr≤0.30%; 0.05%≤Mo≤0.20%; Cr and the Mo content in cast steel wheel is very large on the impact of wheel performance, and we design suitable addition through a large amount of tests, have improved wear resisting property and the thermal crack resistant damage performance of wheel.
Alloy composition Cr and Mo exist as residual element in the present invention, and its content has been carried out accurate proportioning.Table 1 is the chemical composition (being weight percentage) of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel:
Table 1
3) the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel being carried out slow cooling processes;
Open micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel after the case of graphite die cavity and must carry out slow cooling and process, the method for slow cooling is the wheel after unpacking to be packed into innerly formed by refractory material laying, and periphery coats in the slowing cool barrel of steel plate reinforcement, with going out bucket after bucket Slow cooling certain hour.
4) ring furnace heat treated:
The micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel that step 3) is handled well heats in the continous way rotary heating furnace, temperature in stove≤1000 ℃, and residence time 2-4h can effectively control the microstructure homogenization of microalloy element, reduces segregation phenomena.
5, quench treatment:
Quench treatment is to carry out on quenching machine, and water is sprayed onto on wheel tread at the nozzle around wheel tread by circumference uniform distribution, water temperature 30-70 ℃.Quench treatment continues 3-8min under difference is sprayed water the comprehensive treating process of the water yield, different water spraying time.By can effectively controlling formation and the depth of hardening of tissue to the control of the water spray water yield, time, water temperature.
6, temper:
Temper is that the metallographic structure of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel is evenly distributed, and can satisfy the wheel working order in future.Control to tempering temperature is the core place of this technique, the difficult point of this technique be should by tempering temperature is rationally controlled make wheel hardness evenly and deflection in allowed band, make again its residual stress distribution even.Tempering temperature 400-550 ℃ of adopting of the present invention, tempering time 2-4h.
7, Shot Blasting:
Disc to the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel carries out shot peening strengthening, carries out the disc surface Hardening Treatment, to improve drag and the safe range of stress to viscous deformation.
8, wheel check:
Carry out quality test, extract the wheel sample and carry out the physicochemical property detection, comprise the detection of metallographic structure and the detection of physicals.
Table 2 is wheel principal dimension (mm) in the present invention:
| The wheel rim external diameter | The wheel rim internal diameter | Wheel rim thickness |
| Ф700～Ф1050 | Ф600～Ф950 | 50 |
Table 2
[specific embodiment 1]
Below chemical composition and the concrete detected result of a micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel:
Table 3 is the chemical composition of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel:
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | Cu | Al | Ti | Nb | Fe |
| 0.60 | 0.34 | 0.75 | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.037 | 0.001 | ＜0.001 | All the other |
Table 3
Metallographic structure: perlite+ferrite+tempered sorbite
Grain size number: 7 grades of GB8493-87; The inclusion rank: the III type is carefully 3 grades of GB10561-89; Little
The concrete mechanical property detected result of steel alloy wheel is referring to table 4:
| The trade mark | σ b/MPa | Rp0.2/MPa | δ 5/% | Hardness/HB | KU 2/J |
| ZL-D | 1110 | 850 | 11 | 333 | 27 |
Table 4
Tensile strength=1110MPa wherein; Yield strength=850MPa; Brinell hardness=333HBW; Unit elongation=11%; Ballistic work=27J.
Advantage of the present invention is that the economic benefit of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel is obvious, the wear resisting property of micro-alloyed steel wheel is Normal Steel Casting wheel and rolled steel wheel (CL60) 1.5 times, the hardness of micro-alloyed steel wheel is suitable with ZL-C level cast steel wheel, tensile strength improves 4% than ZL-B level steel wheel, yield strength improves 25%, and hardening capacity improves 25% than ZL-C level steel.Reduce the phenomenons such as wheel tread is peeled off, scratch, extended wheel work-ing life.The present invention can be suitable for the demand of China railways high-speed overload fully.
Claims (5)
1. a micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, is characterized in that, the weight percent of the chemical composition of described wheel is C:0.55%-0.70%, Si: 〉=0.15%, Mn:0.50%-1.00%, P :≤0.030%, S :≤0.040%, Cr:0.08%-0.30%, Mo:0.05%-0.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.35%, V :≤0.04%, Al :≤0.060%, Ti :≤0.03%, Nb :≤0.05%, its surplus is Fe.
2. wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight percent of the chemical composition of described wheel is C:0.60 %, Si:0.34%, Mn:0.75%, P:0.013%, S:0.015%, Cr:0.12%, Mo:0.15%, Ni:0.03 %, Cu:0.04%, Al:0.037%, Ti:0.001%, Nb:＜0.001%, its surplus is Fe.
3. wheel according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, wheel diameter is 700-1050mm.
4. the manufacture method of a micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) smelt high-quality molten steel: mainly take the railway heavy scrap as material, melting molten steel in electric arc furnace, gas and inclusion in oxygen blast dephosphorization, desulfurization, removal molten steel, about 1700 ℃ of tapping temperature enters and adopts in ladle step by step that deoxy technology carries out deoxidation and constituent adjustment to molten steel;
2) cast micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel: at first the molten steel that electrosmelting is good is poured in ladle, poured in the rising pouring bag by the ladle subpackage again, simultaneously the chemical composition of molten steel is regulated, trace alloying element is placed in the rising pouring bag and is baked to more than 900 ℃ with bag, wherein trace alloying element is Cr and Mo, and the trace alloying element that toasts with bag also can fully dissolve under molten steel impacts; The gravity casting method is adopted in the cast of micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel, after the rising pouring bag fills molten steel, by nozzle brick, molten steel is watered in the graphite die cavity of clamping station clamping and forms cast steel wheel;
3) the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel being carried out slow cooling processes: the method for slow cooling is the wheel after unpacking to be packed into innerly formed by refractory material laying, and periphery coats in the slowing cool barrel of steel plate reinforcement, with going out bucket after bucket Slow cooling certain hour;
4) ring furnace heat treated: the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel that step 3) is handled well heats in the continous way rotary heating furnace, temperature in stove≤1000 ℃, and residence time 2-4h can effectively control the microstructure homogenization of microalloy element, reduces segregation phenomena;
5) quench treatment: quench treatment is to carry out on quenching machine, and water is sprayed onto on wheel tread at the nozzle around wheel tread by circumference uniform distribution, water temperature 30-70 ℃; Quench treatment continues 3-8min under difference is sprayed water the comprehensive treating process of the water yield, different water spraying time; By can effectively controlling formation and the depth of hardening of tissue to the control of the water spray water yield, time, water temperature;
6) temper: wherein tempering temperature 400-550 ℃, tempering time 2-4h;
7) Shot Blasting: the disc to the micro-alloyed steel cast steel wheel carries out shot peening strengthening, carries out the disc surface Hardening Treatment, to improve drag and the safe range of stress to viscous deformation;
8) wheel check: extract the wheel sample and carry out the physicochemical property detection, comprise the detection of metallographic structure and the detection of physicals.
5. manufacture method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described step 2) in the Cr that adds and the content of Mo be: 0.08%≤Cr≤0.30%; 0.05%≤Mo≤0.20%.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103741034A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | High-hardness wheel steel for wagons and wheel preparation method |
| CN104004968A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Wheel steel and wheel heat treatment method |
| CN104372259A (en) * | 2014-11-08 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏天舜金属材料集团有限公司 | Method for processing wear-resistant-type reinforcing steel bar connecting sleeve |
| CN104625636A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 太原科技大学 | Train wheel casting-forging composite forming method |
| CN105088088A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-25 | 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 | Microalloyed steel cast steel wheel brake lever and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105088102A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-25 | 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 | Micro-alloyed steel cast wheel bearing housing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106048422A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-10-26 | 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 | Alloy steel with low Cu content |
| CN106460117A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2017-02-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Wheel for railroad car and method for manufacturing wheel for railroad car |
| CN108220780A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 天津荣程联合钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of steel billet and its processing technology |
| CN110592475A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏联峰实业有限公司 | Large-size high-carbon silicon-manganese steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113667901A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-19 | 智奇铁路设备有限公司 | Material for locomotive wheels |
| CN114227168A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 信阳同合车轮有限公司 | Graphite type cast steel wheel of urban rail vehicle and processing method thereof |
| CN115679217A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel for crane wheel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103741034A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | High-hardness wheel steel for wagons and wheel preparation method |
| CN104004968A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Wheel steel and wheel heat treatment method |
| CN106460117A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2017-02-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Wheel for railroad car and method for manufacturing wheel for railroad car |
| CN104372259A (en) * | 2014-11-08 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏天舜金属材料集团有限公司 | Method for processing wear-resistant-type reinforcing steel bar connecting sleeve |
| CN104372259B (en) * | 2014-11-08 | 2016-11-23 | 江苏天舜金属材料集团有限公司 | A kind of processing method of anti-abrasion type reinforcing steel bar connecting sleeve tube |
| CN104625636A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 太原科技大学 | Train wheel casting-forging composite forming method |
| CN105088088A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-25 | 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 | Microalloyed steel cast steel wheel brake lever and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105088102A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-25 | 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 | Micro-alloyed steel cast wheel bearing housing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106048422A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-10-26 | 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 | Alloy steel with low Cu content |
| CN108220780A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-29 | 天津荣程联合钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of steel billet and its processing technology |
| CN110592475A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏联峰实业有限公司 | Large-size high-carbon silicon-manganese steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113667901A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-19 | 智奇铁路设备有限公司 | Material for locomotive wheels |
| CN114227168A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 信阳同合车轮有限公司 | Graphite type cast steel wheel of urban rail vehicle and processing method thereof |
| CN115679217A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel for crane wheel and preparation method thereof |
| CN115679217B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-02-13 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | High-carbon steel for crane wheel body and preparation method thereof |
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