CN1031530C - 生物制片透明剂 - Google Patents

生物制片透明剂 Download PDF

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CN1031530C
CN1031530C CN 91108571 CN91108571A CN1031530C CN 1031530 C CN1031530 C CN 1031530C CN 91108571 CN91108571 CN 91108571 CN 91108571 A CN91108571 A CN 91108571A CN 1031530 C CN1031530 C CN 1031530C
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CN1068653A (zh
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林鉴钊
刘广林
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Cenxi Guangxi Rosin Factory
GUANGXI AGRICUTTURAL COLLEGE
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Cenxi Guangxi Rosin Factory
GUANGXI AGRICUTTURAL COLLEGE
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  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract

一种生物制片透明剂,向特制松节油中加入适量吸水剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂等添加剂合成制取。这种透明剂无毒,其性能完全达到或超过目前广泛使用的有毒性的苯类制剂,对消除生物制片的毒性,提高制片质量,降低制片成本有显著作用。

Description

生物制片透明剂
本发明是一种为对动、植物或人体局部进行观察及保存而制作显微玻片标本时所需的透明剂。
在生物光学显微制片过程中,一般都要使用透明剂。以往的透明剂以苯类、尤其是二甲苯用得较多。而苯的毒性较强。对人的造血器官、神经系统、消化系统都有毒害作用,如长期反复接触苯类,甚至对中枢神经有麻醉作用。此外,二甲苯经微核试验呈阳性反应,对人体还有致癌作用。除以上所述有毒性以外,用二甲苯制片还易引起制片材料收缩变形,硬化脆化。在寻找苯的代用品方面,许多人做了大量工作。据有关报道,国外已有人以无毒的Hisboelear和Solvent CNP30替代苯类,但其配方保密,无法实施。在我国亦曾有人使用丁香油、樟油、松油醇,叔丁醇等取代苯作透明剂,还有过将松节油用于动物制片的报道,但这些透明剂有的挥发性不好,溶蜡能力差,有的资源有限,价格昂贵,有的酸价太高、抗氧化能力等指标均不理想,致使上述试剂作为透明剂均得不到推广。
本发明的目的是生产出一种适用于生物制片的无毒透明剂,以取代有毒的苯类透明剂,而且使用这种透明剂的生物制片较之用苯类透明剂的生物制片质量更好。
本发明的透明剂有以下组成:以特制松节油作为主要原料,并加入2.5~5.0%(体积%)的吸水剂,2.5~5.0%(体积%)的表面活性剂,0.1~0.5%(体积%)的抗氧化剂等添加剂合成而得。吸水剂可以是丙醇、丁醇,表面活性剂可以是丁醇、戊醇,抗氧化剂可以采用酚类。
本发明的透明剂具有以下参数:酸价(mgkoH/g)≤0.08,折光率(N20 D)1.4580~1.4700,密度≤0.8709/cm3,25℃以上可和95%的乙醇互溶。可溶解石蜡和中性树胶。这种透明剂适用于植物、动物和人体等方面的显微制片;无毒性,从根本上改善了制片的劳动条件;作用柔和,不易引起制片材料收缩变形、硬化脆化,可提高切片的完好率;对水汽不敏感,不易因吸收空气中的水分而变浑浊,在阴雨天气和潮湿的南方也可用其制片;在全形封藏法、压片法、徒手切片法和冰冻切片法中,可用本透明剂置换酒精对材料进行透明;在石蜡切片法中,除可透明材料外,还可作为溶解石蜡和封固树胶的溶剂;不仅能用于常规染色法,也适用于特殊染色法和组织化学技术,且其成本低于苯类透明剂。
已有资料表明:松节油是萜烯混合物,其优质产品为无色、透明的液体,不溶于水,溶于乙醇,挥发性好,能溶解石蜡和树胶。但由于其酸价较高,对水汽敏感,对玻璃湿润性低,抗氧化能力差,因此不适宜于直接用作生物制片透明剂。为了使松节油在保持一定折光率的前提下降低其酸价,可将符合LY205—74质量标准的松节油置于蒸馏锅内,在常压和170℃的温度下蒸馏、冷凝后,将油水分离,得到折光率为1.4580~1.4700,酸价(mgkoH/g)≤0.08的特制松节油。由于松节油不溶于水,如吸收了空气中的水分就会变成乳白色,影响折光率,因此要将松节油用于生物制片就必须在其中加入适量吸水剂。醇类是烃的羟基衍生物,含极性羟基,对水亲和。含有一定碳原子数目的醇,例如丙醇、丁醇,能溶于松节油也能溶解石蜡,在松节油中加入一定数量的这种醇后,不仅不影响松节油作透明剂的作用,而且使松节油改变了原来的性能,具有一定吸水能力,降低对水汽的敏感性,提高对各种气候条件的适应性;这类醇中以正丁醇CK3(CH2)3CH2OH效果最好。又由于松节油的内聚力大于玻璃对它的吸引力,所以它对玻璃的湿润性不好。由于生物制片时的制片材料是贴在载玻片上的,松节油对玻璃的湿润性不好会直接影响对材料的透明。含有一定碳原子数目的醇,例如丁醇、戊醇,其碳链是亲油的非极性基,其羟基是亲水的极性基,将这种醇加入到松节油中,由于醇分子定向排列,极性基朝气,改善了松节油与玻璃临界面的表面张力,因而提高了松节油对玻璃的湿润性,这类醇以叔丁醇(CH3)3COH效果最好。还由于松节油中的主要成分是α—蒎烯,而蒎烯的分子结构中含有一个双键,与氧接触会发生氧化作用而使松节油变酸,对碱性染料染色产生不良影响。如在松节油中加入酚类化合物可阻止自动氧化的发生,对松节油亦无污染作用。酚类以2、6—二叔丁基对甲苯酚C15H24O效果最好,亦可使用1、3、5—三甲基—2、4、6—三(3、5—二叔基—4—羟基苄基)苯C54H78O3,硫代二丙酸双十八酯C42H82O4S或4、4′—硫代双(3—甲基—6—叔丁基苯酚)。使用时用松节油将酚类化合物配制成10%的浓度。
以下是实施例:
实施例1:
向特制松节油0.2130m3中加正丁醇[CH3(CH2)2CH2OH]0.0056m3、叔丁醇[(CH3)3COH]0.0056m3、2,6—二叔丁基对甲苯酚(C15H24O)0.0002m3,经充分搅拌即化合而成。
实施例2:
向特制松节油0.2125m3中加正丁醇[CH3(CH2)CH2OH]0.0067m3、叔丁醇[(CH3)3COH]0.0048m3、2、6—二叔丁基对甲苯酚(C15H24O)0.0007m3、经充分搅拌后化合而成。
本发明的生物制片透明剂经国内37个单位试用,采用各种不同的制片和染色方法,对动植物60—70个种的各种器官、人体活检、尸检数千例,共制作60000多片玻片标本,都表现出切片完好,材料无脆碎空洞和收缩变形现象,细胞组织结构清晰,对比色彩鲜艳,完全符合科研、教学和临床诊断的制片要求,是取代生物制片苯类透明剂的好试剂。

Claims (1)

1.一种生物制片透明剂,以松节油为主要原料,其特征是将天然松节油在170℃下蒸馏分离水份,并向分离了水的精制油加入占透明剂总量2.5—5.0%(体积%,以下同)的正丁醇为吸水剂,2.5—5.0%的叔丁醇作为表面活性剂,0.1—0.5%的2.6—二叔丁基对甲苯酚作为抗氧化剂。
CN 91108571 1991-08-26 1991-08-26 生物制片透明剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1031530C (zh)

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101672737B (zh) * 2009-10-17 2012-11-14 河南科技大学 整体透明方法
CN102183387B (zh) * 2011-01-21 2013-04-10 哈尔滨格林标本技术开发有限公司 无苯型环保组织或切片透明液
JP5924624B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2016-05-25 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 生物材料を透明化する方法、及びその利用
CN107300496B (zh) 2011-05-20 2020-11-24 国立研究开发法人理化学研究所 生物材料用透明化试剂、及其利用
WO2015022883A1 (ja) 2013-08-14 2015-02-19 独立行政法人理化学研究所 光透過性に優れた生物材料を調製するための組成物およびその利用
CN104155160A (zh) * 2014-08-12 2014-11-19 陆可望 一种不含苯的组织脱蜡透明剂
CN112525640A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-19 承德医学院 一种无二甲苯的石蜡包埋脱水透明剂

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