CN103151760B - Over-current protection method and protection circuit of motor of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Over-current protection method and protection circuit of motor of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103151760B CN103151760B CN201310081714.5A CN201310081714A CN103151760B CN 103151760 B CN103151760 B CN 103151760B CN 201310081714 A CN201310081714 A CN 201310081714A CN 103151760 B CN103151760 B CN 103151760B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an over-current protection method and a protection circuit of a motor of an electric vehicle. The protection method comprises the following steps of: collecting a motor three-phase current signal, and converting the motor three-phase current signal into a voltage signal; comparing the voltage signal with a preset voltage limit to obtain a comparison result; judging whether the voltage signal exceeds the preset voltage limit or not according to a comparison result, if yes, turning off a motor control signal, and clamping the voltage signal to obtain a post-clamping voltage signal; calculating a motor three-phase current value according to the post-clamping voltage signal; and judging whether the motor three-phase current value exceeds a preset over-current protection limit, if not, restarting the motor control signal. According to the over-current protection method of the motor of the electric vehicle, on one hand, the probability that the motor and a motor controller system are out of service since over-current protection is triggered by signal interference is eliminated; and on the other hand, when a motor three-phase wire is subjected to over current, the motor and the motor controller system can be turned off in time, and the motor and a motor controller are effectively prevented from being damaged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to motor control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method and protective circuit.
Background technology
Conventional fuel oil automobile industry is faced with huge challenge because of energy shortage and climate warming, and the electric automobile of energy-conserving and environment-protective more and more receives publicity, and starts to move towards market from laboratory.
On current electric automobile, the mutual convert task of electric energy and mechanical energy is completed by motor.When motor runs, if motor controller controls is improper, or motor self occurs abnormal, then motor triple line electric current may be caused to increase, " overcurrent " namely often said.If exceed the tolerance range of motor and electric machine controller element, then parts can be damaged.Therefore electric machine controller need be taked corresponding strategy being damaged property affects because of overcurrent to avoid motor and electric machine controller.
At present, in electric vehicle motor controller, special overcurrent protection scheme all can be set, present stage way as follows:
Hardware aspect, as shown in Figure 1, converts motor three-phase current signal to voltage signal by current acquisition element, and afterwards voltage signal is sent into the comparing element be made up of dual comparator, the output signal of comparing element directly sends into main control module as the first signal.In comparing element, set overcurrent protection limit value by the upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage setting comparator.Once the voltage signal that current acquisition element exports is higher than upper voltage limit or lower than lower voltage limit, the high level signal that comparing element exports will become low level signal.
Software aspect, as shown in Figure 2, after main control module receives low level signal, turn off pwm signal immediately to export, outwardly send overcurrent fault code simultaneously, illustrate that motor and motor controller system are in malfunction with this to entire car controller, cannot continue to run.
But in actual applications, take the motor of above-mentioned overcurrent protection scheme and electric machine controller usually can because of signal disturbing triggered current protection, and then to quit work.In such cases, the fail safe of vehicle can be greatly affected with driving ride comfort, also affects the acceptance level of market to electric automobile to a certain extent simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of motor and electric machine controller triggered current protection because of signal disturbing, propose a kind of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method and protective circuit.Be intended to erasure signal interference triggered overcurrent protection and make motor and motor controller system possibility out of service; simultaneously when overcurrent situations really appears in motor triple line; timely pass power machine and motor controller system, available protecting motor and electric machine controller are not damaged.
For achieving the above object, described motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method, is characterized in, described guard method comprises,
Gather motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
By described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, obtain comparative result;
Judge whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limits according to described comparative result, if so, then turn off motor control signal, and clamper is carried out to this voltage signal, obtain voltage signal after clamper;
Motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is calculated according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal is restarted.
Preferably, described guard method also comprises, and after restarting motor control signal, judges whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again, if so, then turns off motor control signal.
Preferably, described stipulated time T is 20ms.
Preferably, described default overcurrent protection limit value is 2.5 times of the maximum of described motor three-phase current signal.
A kind of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection, be characterized in, described protective circuit comprises,
Current acquisition element, for gathering motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal;
Comparison module, for by described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, and obtain comparative result;
Clamper module, for carrying out clamper to described voltage signal, and voltage signal after exporting clamper;
Main control module, for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal is beyond the voltage limits preset, and if so, then turns off motor control signal; And judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal is restarted.
Preferably, described main control module, also for after restarting motor control signal, judges whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again, if so, then turns off motor control signal.
Preferably, described comparison module comprises the first electric capacity, the first resistance, the second resistance, the second electric capacity, dual comparator; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element is through the first capacity earth;
The output of described current acquisition element connects the first power supply through the first resistance, and the RC low pass filter that this output is also formed via the second resistance and the second electric capacity is connected the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator connects described first power supply through the 4th resistance, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module; Further, described default voltage limits comprises the upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage that input to dual comparator.
Preferably, described first power supply is 5V power supply.
Preferably, described clamper module comprises the 3rd resistance, the 3rd electric capacity and clamp diode; Wherein, the RC low pass filter that sequentially forms via the 3rd resistance and the 3rd electric capacity of the output of described current acquisition element and clamp diode are connected main control module.
Preferably, described current acquisition element is Hall current sensor; Main control module is digital signal processing chip.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is; circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention can carry out secondary to overcurrent and determine; thus when the triggered current protection of interference signal; motor and motor controller system close has no progeny and can restart immediately, makes electric automobile can continue to run when not stopping and resetting.Therefore, eliminate and to make motor and motor controller system possibility out of service due to the triggered current protection of signal disturbing.
In addition, when overcurrent situations really appears in motor triple line, or exceed default overcurrent protection limit value according to the motor three-phase electricity flow valuve that secondary signal calculates, or in stipulated time T, overcurrent fault can occur again.In these two kinds of situations, motor and motor controller system all can turn off in time, and effective protection motor and electric machine controller are not damaged.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows overcurrent protection hardware circuit schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 2 illustrates overcurrent protection software flow pattern in the prior art;
Fig. 3 shows the flow chart of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows in the flow chart shown in Fig. 3, judges that described voltage signal is beyond after the voltage limits preset, the particular flow sheet of overcurrent protection method;
Fig. 5 shows the frame principle figure of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of the motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
For enabling above-mentioned purpose, the feature and advantage of invention more become apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 3 to Fig. 6, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 3 shows the flow chart of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 3, described motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method comprises the following steps:
Gather motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal S1;
By described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, obtain comparative result S2;
Judge whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limits according to described comparative result, if so, then turn off motor control signal, and clamper is carried out to this voltage signal, obtain voltage signal S3 after clamper;
Motor three-phase electricity flow valuve S4 is calculated according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal S5 is restarted.
It should be noted that in the step 1 of said method, for gathering motor three-phase current signal and the device being converted into voltage signal may be selected to be Hall current sensor.
In the step 3 of said method, described " shutoff motor control signal ", refers to and only the control signal of motor is cut off, and motor is still running because of effect of inertia at short notice; After carrying out secondary judgement, if immediately restart this motor control signal, then can not affect the running of motor.
In the step 4 of said method, the computing formula used by " calculating motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper " is as follows:
Wherein: Ip is motor three-phase electricity flow valuve; Vout is the output voltage of Hall current sensor; Vc is the operating voltage of Hall current sensor; G is conversion coefficient, relevant with the operating voltage Vc of Hall current sensor, and its value can be found in databook.
Further, described guard method also comprises, and after restarting motor control signal, judges whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again, if so, then turns off motor control signal.
With reference to Fig. 4, the motor control signal mentioned in above-mentioned steps can adopt pwm signal, and " shutoff motor control signal " is " turning off pwm signal to export "; In like manner " restart motor control signal " and be " restarting pwm signal to export ".Described overcurrent protection method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: gather motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
Step 2: by described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, obtain comparative result;
Step 3: judge that whether described voltage signal is beyond the voltage limits preset, and if so, is then judged to be an overcurrent fault according to described comparative result, shutoff pwm signal exports, and clamper is carried out to this voltage signal, obtain, after clamper after voltage signal, performing step 4; If not, execution step 1 is returned;
Step 4: calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Step 5: judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If so, then step 7 is performed; If not, then restart pwm signal and export, overcurrent number of times flag bit is added 1, then perform step 6;
Step 6: judge whether the voltage signal obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again; If so, then turn off pwm signal and export, then perform step 7; If not, then step 8 is performed;
Step 7: be judged to overcurrent fault occurs, outwardly send overcurrent fault code, reset by overcurrent number of times flag bit afterwards, overcurrent fault process terminates;
Step 8: judge that a described overcurrent fault is that signal disturbing triggers, now controls motor and motor controller system continues to run, and is reset by overcurrent number of times flag bit, and overcurrent fault process terminates.
Fig. 5 shows the frame principle figure of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 5, described motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection comprises current acquisition element 1, comparison module 2, clamper module 4 and main control module 3.Wherein:
Described current acquisition element 1, for gathering motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal.
Described comparison module 2, for by described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, and obtain comparative result.
Described clamper module 4, for carrying out clamper to described voltage signal, and voltage signal after exporting clamper.
Described main control module 3, for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal is beyond the voltage limits preset, and if so, then turns off motor control signal; And judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal is restarted.Described main control module 3, also for after restarting motor control signal, judges whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again, if so, then turns off motor control signal.
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of the motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection shown in Fig. 5, and as shown in Figure 6, the first electric capacity C1, the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2, the second electric capacity C2 and dual comparator constitute described module.3rd resistance R3, the 3rd electric capacity C3 and clamp diode D1 constitute described clamper module 4.Concrete annexation is as follows:
The output of described current acquisition element 1 is through the first electric capacity C1 ground connection; The output of described current acquisition element 1 also connects the first power supply through the first resistance R1, and the first power supply elects+5V power supply as; , the RC low pass filter that this output is also formed via the second resistance R2 and the second electric capacity C2 is connected the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator connects+5V power supply through the 4th resistance R4, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module 3.
In addition, the RC low pass filter that also sequentially forms via the 3rd resistance R3 and the 3rd electric capacity C3 of the output of described current acquisition element 1 and clamp diode D1 are connected main control module 3.
Particularly, current measuring element is Hall current sensor, and main control module 3 is Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip.First electric capacity C1 and the 4th electric capacity C4 is filter capacitor, first resistance R1 and the 4th resistance R4 is pull-up resistor, second resistance R2 and the second electric capacity C2 forms RC low pass filter, 3rd resistance R3 and the 3rd electric capacity C3 forms low pass filter, diode D1 is clamp diode, and U1A and U1B is differential comparator, i.e. dual comparator, the input of dual comparator has upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage, and described default voltage limits comprises upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage.
The operation principle of described motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection is:
Hall current sensor gathers motor three-phase current signal and is converted into voltage signal, and this voltage signal is by after the first electric capacity C1 filtering and the first resistance R1 pull-up afterwards:
The RC low pass filter that one tunnel is formed via the second electric capacity R2 and the second electric capacity C2 enters comparing element, and the output signal of comparing element forms comparative result after the 4th resistance R4 pull-up, and this comparison signal sends into the digital quantity interface of dsp chip.If the voltage signal that Hall current sensor exports is between upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage, above-mentioned comparative result is high level; If this voltage signal is higher than upper limit voltage or lower than lower limit voltage, above-mentioned comparative result then becomes low level.Dsp chip can make corresponding action according to this comparative result.
Another road, forms voltage signal after clamper after the clamper module 4 that the RC low pass filter formed and clamp diode D1 are formed, the analog quantity interface of voltage signal feeding dsp chip after this clamper via the 3rd resistance R3 and the 3rd electric capacity C3.Dsp chip can calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve in real time according to voltage signal after this clamper.
Under practical service environment, in above-mentioned guard method, the stipulated time, T was determined by electromagnetic interference frequency.20ms is got in this programme.
In addition, under practical service environment, motor three-phase current maximum determines default overcurrent protection limit value, and then determines upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of comparison module 2.In this programme, get 2.5 times that default overcurrent protection limit value is the maximum of motor three-phase current.Further, in hardware circuit, upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage can be obtained by electric resistance partial pressure.In addition, by changing resistance value and the capacitance of RC low pass filter, the response time of adjusted current protection can also be carried out.
It should be noted that; although motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention and protective circuit derive from electric automobile field; but it can apply the field needing to arrange overcurrent protection with industrial motor field and other equally, concrete can to adjust accordingly the stipulated time T in the upper limit voltage of hardware circuit, lower limit voltage and software as required when using.
Be only preferred embodiment of the present invention in sum, be not used for limiting practical range of the present invention.Namely all equivalences done according to the content of the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to technology category of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method, is characterized in that: described guard method comprises,
Gather motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
By described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, obtain comparative result;
Judge whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limits according to described comparative result, if so, then turn off motor control signal, and clamper is carried out to this voltage signal, obtain voltage signal after clamper;
Motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is calculated according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal is restarted.
2. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described guard method also comprises,
After restarting motor control signal, judge whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again, if so, then turns off motor control signal.
3. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described stipulated time T is 20ms.
4. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described default overcurrent protection limit value is 2.5 times of the maximum of described motor three-phase current signal.
5. a motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection, is characterized in that: described protective circuit comprises,
Current acquisition element, for gathering motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal;
Comparison module, for by described voltage signal compared with the voltage limits preset, and obtain comparative result;
Clamper module, for carrying out clamper to described voltage signal, and voltage signal after exporting clamper;
Main control module, for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal is beyond the voltage limits preset, and if so, then turns off motor control signal; And calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper, and judge that whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve is beyond the overcurrent protection limit value preset; If not, then motor control signal is restarted.
6. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: described main control module is also for after restarting motor control signal; judge whether the comparative result obtained in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limits again; if so, then motor control signal is turned off.
7. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described comparison module comprises the first electric capacity, the first resistance, the second resistance, the second electric capacity, dual comparator; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element is through the first capacity earth;
The output of described current acquisition element connects the first power supply through the first resistance, and the RC low pass filter that this output is also formed via the second resistance and the second electric capacity is connected the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator connects described first power supply through the 4th resistance, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module; Further, described default voltage limits comprises the upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage that input to dual comparator.
8. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described first power supply is 5V power supply.
9. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described clamper module comprises the 3rd resistance, the 3rd electric capacity and clamp diode; Wherein, the RC low pass filter that sequentially forms via the 3rd resistance and the 3rd electric capacity of the output of described current acquisition element and clamp diode are connected main control module.
10. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described current acquisition element is Hall current sensor; Main control module is digital signal processing chip.
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| CN103795038B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2019-08-16 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | New-energy automobile inverter phase current over-current hardware protection system and method |
| CN106911122B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of motor controller overcurrent protective device, electric machine controller and electric car |
| CN108695569B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-05-12 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Current sensor calibration device |
| CN112124899B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-07-05 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Method and system for rapidly judging and processing shutdown fault of belt conveyor |
| CN114614436B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-07-18 | 山东新松工业软件研究院股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting thermal overload by driver |
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| US4381531A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-04-26 | Carrier Corporation | Alternating current motor protection system |
| JP2000166083A (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-16 | Nec Fukushima Ltd | Overcurrent protective circuit |
| CN1290242C (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2006-12-13 | 环隆电气股份有限公司 | Dual-loop current limitation controller of motor controller |
| CN1707936A (en) * | 2004-06-05 | 2005-12-14 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Motor controller and controlling method thereof |
| CN102368604B (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-11-06 | 安徽巨一自动化装备有限公司 | Overcurrent protection circuit of electric drive controller for electric vehicle |
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Address after: Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022 East Road No. 176 Patentee after: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022 East Road No. 176 Patentee before: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. |
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Address after: 230601 No. 99 Ziyun Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 230022 No. 176 Dongliu Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd |