CN103149596A - Model based workflow for interpreting deep-reading electromagnetic data - Google Patents
Model based workflow for interpreting deep-reading electromagnetic data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention involves a model-based method of inverting electromagnetic data associated with a subsurface area that includes steps of: a) developing a three-dimensional electromagnetic property model of the area, and b) restricting changes that may be made to the model during the electromagnetic data inversion process. Other related embodiments of the inventive method are also described and claimed.
Description
The application is dividing an application of application number is 200880126329.5, denomination of invention is on Dec 7th, 2007 patented claim for " workflow based on model that is used for interpreting deep-reading electromagnetic data ", priority date
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to geophysical data is planned, gathers, processed and explains, and relates more specifically to a kind of workflow and a kind of Related Work flow process that is associated with planning and the design of this field survey for the deep investigation electromagnetic data that gathers during the field survey of subterranean zone is made an explanation.
Background technology
The exploration of the deep investigation of subterranean zone (deep-reading) electromagnetic field is usually directed to the large scale measurement from ground, from ground to the well and/or between well.On-the-spot electromagnetic data is with mode sensing oil reservoir and the surrounding medium of extensive sensing.At present, the exploration of deep investigation electromagnetic field is usually implemented and explains in mode gradually.Usually by different people, exploration is planned, implemented and explains respectively, and until time after relatively during the course, this moment can decryption, just the model of the subterranean zone studied of generation.
In present patent application, a kind of electromagnet data interpretation workflow has been described, described electromagnet data interpretation workflow at first with existing geophysics, geology and rock physics knowledge store in common model, then when upgrading and improving basic model, the electromagnetic data simulation, processing and explain can be based on this model.By like this, described method can be utilized the existing knowledge of the measurement scale of zone, oil reservoir and electromagnetic data acquisition technique, is attached in different processing aspects so that model is set up and improved.
The structural unit that is used for processing of the present invention is present in various software and hardware product.Particularly, describe referring to modeling software, simulation softward and alligatoring (upscaling) processing.Usually the modeling software that uses in the method for the invention is called
Can be from the general geophysical data simulation package of Schlumberger acquisition.Software package is accepted multiple input data, has complicated rock physics and Show Options, and can use geostatistics program interpolation and the extrapolation program of Kriging method (that is, such as) to increase the 3D grid of the position that does not have direct measurement data.The fluid-flow analogy process below also is described.Can use different software packages, for carrying out history matching and being the polyphasic flow characteristic generation forecast model of oil reservoir.A kind of normally used simulator is called as
This software package also can obtain from Schlumberger.Between well, electromagnetic technique and ground represent the generic system that is used for gathering, processing and explain deep stratum imaging electromagnetic data by Schlumberger company and the development of other company to the well electromagnetic technique.Alligatoring represents to be used for data with fine grade and change into and more be suitable for simulating a cover process with the data of the coarse grade of emulation in the mode of larger grade.
The benefit of the different embodiment of method of the present invention is a lot.At first, the method can provide for the electromagnetic data acquisition and processing scheme in a certain zone the Unified frame with feasibility study, shoot on paper, data acquisition and data interpretation activity.Secondly, the data that the method can be by using other type reduce the uncertainty of model with restricted model suitably.At last, the method provides a kind of current mechanism for making easy more described data and use together described data when suitable carrying out integration from various types of data in zone.
Method of the present invention all relates to oil reservoir by the workflow of planning, gather, process and explain dark electromagnetic wave measurement, and this has unified the workflow of planning, collection, processing and the dark electromagnetic wave measurement of explanation on the one hand.This method for example can utilize by geologic model and the flow model of wireline logging and/or well logging while drilling data acquisition, comprise by geological data and obtain the geological data of structural model and the basis that flow simulating device result is processed and explained as the shoot on paper that is used for dark electromagnetic survey, simulation, data.Whole electromagnetic survey process can be instructed by these models.Described model can be used for analog data acquisition process, guiding shoot on paper, processing said data and provide the basis for explanation.Described model can also carry out history matching by the flow simulator result and be used in the time lag exploration..
Summary of the invention
One embodiment of the present of invention relate to a kind of method for determine whether electromagnetic survey can be distinguished between the different underground conditions in zone, said method comprising the steps of: the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model that forms the zone; And the electromagnetic response that uses 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model simulation yard electromagnetic data acquisition system, poor whether in the detectability scope of system with the expectation of the electromagnetic response of determining the electromagnetic data acquisition system.An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of model-based methods of the electromagnetic data that is associated with subterranean zone being done inverting, said method comprising the steps of: the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model that forms the zone; And the change that restriction can be made the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model during the electromagnetic data refutation process.An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of for determining the method for well in the position of subterranean zone, said method comprising the steps of: the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model that forms the zone; And when when doing inverting from the electromagnetic data of subterranean zone collection, only allow borehole position to change.An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of model-based methods of processing the electromagnetic data that is associated with subterranean zone, said method comprising the steps of: the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model that forms the zone; From 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model intercepting two-dimensional section; Electromagnetic data is done inverting, thereby upgrade two-dimensional section; And upgrade the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model in the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model by being inserted in the two-dimensional section that will upgrade.An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of model-based methods for the design electromagnetic survey, said method comprising the steps of: the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model that forms the zone; From 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model intercepting two-dimensional section; And use two-dimensional section during the design electromagnetic survey.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that shows the various process that is associated with the optional embodiment of method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stereographic map by the exemplary Petrel background model of well logging and hole deviation exploration combination;
Fig. 3 shows the analog result of basic condition and water flooded interval;
Fig. 4 A shows the amplitude result of basic condition;
Fig. 4 B shows the phase place analog result of basic condition;
Fig. 4 C shows the amplitude analog result of water flooded interval (situation);
Fig. 4 D shows the phase place analog result of water flooded interval;
Fig. 4 E shows that the absolute fields between the result that shows in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 C is poor;
Fig. 4 F shows the phase differential between the result that shows in Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 D;
Fig. 5 A shows resistivity cross section between the beginning model well;
Fig. 5 B shows resistivity cross section between the final mask well; With
Fig. 5 C shows the cross section of the ratio of the resistivity between beginning model cross section and final mask cross section.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the various process that the optional embodiment that is associated with workflow of the present invention is shown.In generating initial model 12, for example can by with flow simulating device result roughly the feature of the water of definite hydrocarbon zone or steam flood form the initial model of the subterranean zone of studying.The result of this initial model can be exported to Petrel together with other geology, earthquake or log data, to build the three-dimensional background model of the subterranean zone of being studied.This is shown as in Fig. 1 and produces background model 14.The formation of this class background model and use are the unified features of whole process of the present invention.The exterior perspective view of this three-dimensional Petrel background model has been shown in Fig. 2.
Determine during next possible process in workflow of the present invention that an expectation of the electromagnetic response of electromagnetic data acquisition system is poor whether in the scope of the detectability of described system.This can use two-dimentional program, for example by intercepting xsect from the original background model to complete with the initial model that acts on geophysical modeling.Like this, background model is used for setting up the basic model that is used for the electromagnetic data sensitivity study.This is shown as intercepting xsect 16 in Fig. 1.
Then, after this can be the two-dimensional section that generates from the corresponding modification of different underground conditions.This is shown as in Fig. 1 and generates the xsect 18 of revising.Can use for two possibilities that generate the xsect of revising.Can revise or change the xsect of intercepting in intercepting xsect 16, to produce one or more optional geophysics sights, perhaps alternatively, can revise background model with corresponding from one or more different underground conditions, and the xsect of the background model that can from then on revise intercepting modification.This process for example can comprise in the xsect of intercepting or background model by injected water and substitutes hydrocarbon fluid in concrete oil reservoir interval.Alternatively, can carry out these processes with the three-dimensional program of correlation type, in the three-dimensional program of described correlation type, use can be from the derive electromagnetic response of simulation of the software that 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model original and that revise directly calculates the electromagnetic response of simulation.
, exercise question that file an application on August 10th, 2007 is " Removing Effects of NearSurface Geology from Surface-To-Borehole Electromagnetic Data ", the common U.S. Patent application No.11/836 that transfers the possession of, this class sensitivity study described in 978 (described patented claim is incorporated at this by reference) can be used for testing the feasibility that different electromagnetic datas gather structure, and is used as the basis of shoot on paper.This process is shown as in Fig. 1 carries out sensitivity study 20.
Whether these sensitivity studies can be used for estimating electromagnetic survey and can distinguish between pacing items and optional situation (one or more).This is shown as the feasibility 22 of estimating the EM exploration in Fig. 1.These sensitivity studies can also be used for design EM exploration and arrange and the data acquisition agreement.This is shown as design EM exploration 24 in Fig. 1.
Next step in the embodiment of method of the present invention is to carry out electromagnetic field measurements,, is used for surveying the electromagnetic data of the subterranean zone of being concerned about that is.This is shown as in Fig. 1 carries out EM exploration 26.
When completing exploration, use electromagnetic data to regulate and Renewal model in inversion procedure.This is shown as in Fig. 1 does inverting 28 and update background module 30 to the EM data.Model can be used for the constraint inverting, and making inverting can not enter hastily wherein to change on geology is in irrational zone.Then result can be outputed in Petrel again, and if relate to the flow simulating device, described result can be outputed in Eclipse again, this is shown as in Fig. 1 and upgrades flow model 32.The unique principle here is that model is an integral part of whole process, and is not only to appear at when finishing.In whole this process, can form continuously, upgrade and explain.These processes can repeat that the zone of being studied is produced the time lag image or described zone is analyzed.
Method of the present invention can be unified by common model the process of simulation, shoot on paper, data acquisition and the data interpretation of dark electromagnetic survey.This model combines by existing database, geophysical survey and the analog result of well logging.
The benefit of the various embodiment of this process is: 1) collection for geologic data provides generalized reference; 2) provide physical constraint to explaining by inverting; 3) provide time lag measure and flow model between relation; 4) provide actual exploration simulation; And 5) provide more useful shoot on paper according to existing well site knowledge.Below providing about this model is how to make up and described model is the other details how to use in digital simulation, collection and interpretation process.
The one class electromagnetic data acquisition technique (electromagnetism between well) that can use together with method of the present invention is chromatography imaging technique, by this, and can be by determining resistivity distribution between well at the EM signal of propagating between well.Decay and the phase rotating that described technology produces by the resistivity of measuring by well formation also carries out work with this information with the resistivity distribution between the reconstruct well.
The equipment that uses in this technology comprises the standard cable configuration of dedicated source and sensor.The source generally includes induction frequencies (1Hz-10kHz) solenoid (magnetic dipole) electromagnetic launcher.The device that this is normally very powerful, but wherein the electric current of several amperes is injected into by a plurality of wire turns around the core of magnetic infiltration.In offset well, arrange the magnetic field detector of a string sensitivity.Described system is made the field that provides to distinguish with the secondary field of inducting in the stratum by synchronous.Exploration comprises to be used the top be arranged in the degree of depth of being concerned about, below and carries out mutual coupling at a plurality of sources of the position of the described degree of depth of being concerned about and receiver and measure.
Based on being carried out the numerical model inverting, the data that gather make an explanation with reconstruct two dimension or three-dimensional model.Usually field data is suitable for two dimensional model in the measuring error allowable error, and adopts a plurality of model constrained making with control model not have uniqueness.
In well EM, source and well receiver based on ground during imaging are used in conjunction with on ground.These sources can be magnetic-dipole antenna (identical with system between well) or earth conductor cable.Ground-plane antenna moves to construct the two-dimensional cross sectional of well usually along concrete position angle.The remainder of process is very similar to workflow between well.Wherein can use other embodiment of workflow of the present invention to comprise that well is to ground EM with based on the EM on ground.
Then, normally, use ground to change new model to the wellbore exploration result by original beginning model.During inverting, usually do not allow to change model parameter near the ground.Mode according to this, inverting are only limited to the model that formation resistivity wherein changes in the oil reservoir district, thereby more significant scheme is provided.
Usually carry out in the concrete stage corresponding with completing of engineering the workflow that proposes.Below describe these stages in detail.
Conceptual phase:
When well EM is arrived between the application well or ground, usually begin described process at filtration stage.Here, the simple tool design software that usually uses concept wherein to obtain testing with respect to the performance of system.In this stage, the single or layering background that model is normally simplified may be perhaps the Eclipse result, and simulation softward normally is used for testing tool to the simple one-dimensional model routine package of the feasibility of this application.The purpose in this stage is normally removed the inappropriate application of technology, but usually beginning subsurface model here sets up process.
The model combination:
If engineering is by the conceptual phase, next step is the combination background model.Here, preferably gather all relevant well-logging, hole deviation, geology and rock physics result and underground geophysics results from the zone that surrounds the EM exploration area.These data are input in geologic data library such as Petrel.Then, program applied statistics geology and other technology are to fill the three-dimensional cube as the physical characteristics that is defined by petrophysical model.
In some cases, usually build model by Rt, formation resistivity parameter.This parameter is drawn by well-logging, to the described parameter of intrusion effect calibration, and usually amplifies in proportion described parameter to be complementary with the cell size of exploring sampling by EM.
The example of this model is shown as Petrel background model 50 in Fig. 2.Here can observe the cube of the data in the zone that encirclement is concerned about.Usually be captured in the data that to use in research between well in the scope of radius between 7 wells of well.
Simulation:
Next, usually from cube intercepting two-dimensional section.This can complete with the hole deviation that exists in database and resistivity grid.This two dimensional model can be the basis for modeling effort, wherein can change basic model or two-dimensional section with corresponding by the different situations of EM explore between well.
Shown typical example in Fig. 3 and 4A-4F.Here, the two-dimensional section that intercepts has been changed over corresponding with situation about wherein water being injected between well.In the situation that exist and do not have injected water, operation EM simulator on two-dimensional section, and result determines that target response is whether in the detectability scope of field system.Fig. 3 shows the analog result of basic condition (base case) 52 and water flooded interval 54.Fig. 4 A shows the amplitude analog result of basic condition, and Fig. 4 B shows the phase place analog result of corresponding basic condition.Fig. 4 C shows the amplitude analog result of water flooded interval (situation), and Fig. 4 D shows the phase place analog result of corresponding water flooded interval.Fig. 4 E shows that the absolute fields between the result shown in Fig. 4 A and 4C is poor, and Fig. 4 F shows the phase differential between the result shown in Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 D.As shown in the figure, absolute fields differs from the difference of vibration between 64 (Fig. 4 E) display base model amplitude 56 (Fig. 4 A) and sight amplitude (Scenario Amplitude) 60 (Fig. 4 C), and the phase differential between phase differential 66 (Fig. 4 F) display base model phase place 58 (Fig. 4 B) and sight phase place (Scenario Phase) 62 (Fig. 4 D).
Shoot on paper and data acquisition
Next use the model in shoot on paper.Can select quantity and the logging speed of source and receiver spacing in frequency, two wells, desired data, and last calculated mass Control director specification and exploration duration.Usually use model same as described above to complete this process.Then begin the EM exploration, and gather the EM data.
Data interpretation and model modification:
After data acquisition, model is used for the guide data inversion procedure.The inverting of EM data does not have uniqueness usually.That is, common different model can be suitable for the same group of data in error threshold.In this stage, background model for judge which optional model be suitable be vital.
During inverting, model can be used for providing the constraint to the resistivity of some intervals, can be used for preventing that some intervals from changing arbitrarily, and sharp borders in the stratum of can be only distinguishing with the EM data can be provided not.
The example of this constraint is wherein only to allow resistivity to reduce to limit the determinacy condition of water filling at some intervals.Another kind of situation is by making its sharp borders of being fixed related with good seismic reflection.In the situation that only carry out the EM inverting according to the EM data, this may be interpreted as the smooth boundary.
Fig. 5 A-5C has shown the example of inverting between well.Here shown that the beginning model 68 (Fig. 5 A), final mask 70 (Fig. 5 B) and the model that are produced by inverting change (Fig. 5 C).In this case, the target area Jiang Shui that is imaged is injected in concrete oil reservoir.Therefore fixed the resistivity on upper strata during refutation process.
Be noted that except the inverting that is used for resistivity (or such as conductive associated electrical magnetic characteristic) between well, process can also be used for borehole position is done inverting.This can complete with process same as described above, but in this case, resistivity structure is fixed, and permission tool location during inverting changes.In fact, this generally includes the low-frequency data collection of comparing the impact that is not subject to formation resistivity with standard chromatography imaging data is done inverting.
Re-enter the model to Petrel:
Complete inverting and to model modification after, then described model can be re-entered to Petrel.This can be by with directly input and xsect is inserted into three-dimensional cube in again completes of data segment.Alternatively, workflow of the present invention can be packed into and is used to form in software with update background module, thereby eliminates from background model output and re-enter the needs of data.
The use of model in flow simulating and process control:
If exploration comprises the flow process of following the tracks of such as water or steam flood, the EM model can also be used for the constrained flow movable model.Flow process does not have unicity yet, and knowledge between and well seldom poor due to engineer's scale, therefore is difficult to external constraint is applied on these models.Yet dark EM data provide uses compatible Petrel/Eclipse model format to realize this possibility.
In fact, this process comprises establishes the series of iterations forward model that cross-well data wherein is used for setting up geology and flow boundary, between well, change in resistance is used for providing the oil reservoir saturation infromation, and therefore provides pressure limit, and change of fluid balance between injection and production data and well.
Although by above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, the present invention has been described, those of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that in the situation that do not deviate from inventive concept disclosed herein and can modify and change described embodiment.In addition, although in conjunction with different example process, preferred embodiment has been described, but person of skill in the art will appreciate that and to use various specific procedures and equipment to implement described system, and can implement the geology interval of described system to estimate dissimilar application and to be associated.Method of the present invention can be used for for example monitoring from the movement of injecting within it such as the Residual oil of the carbonatite of the fluid of water, steam, carbon dioxide, foam or surfactant or siliceous chip oil reservoir.This method can be similarly be used for to from be subject to once, the geology interval such as heavy crude reservoir, tar sand, diatom petrographic province and resinous shale of secondary or tertiary oil recovery process recovers the oil or the extraction of other hydrocarbon is monitored.Described method can also be used for determining whether the greenhouse gases of carbon dioxide or other type are suitably isolated after being injected into concrete subterranean zone.In addition, this method can be used for such as injected water wherein to help to exploit such as the mineral of rock salt or sulphur or to help to monitor mining, building and the related application of the dehydration of rock mass.Therefore, except the protection domain by claims limited, it is restrictive that the present invention can not be considered to.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is used for determining that well in the method for the position of subterranean zone, comprises the following steps:
A) form the 3 D electromagnetic characteristic model of described subterranean zone; And
B) when when doing inverting from the electromagnetic data of described subterranean zone collection, only allow borehole position to change.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetic data comprises the low frequency electromagnetic data set, compares with typical tomography electromagnetic data collection, described low frequency electromagnetic data set is not subject to the impact of formation resistivity.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/952,654 US20090150124A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2007-12-07 | Model based workflow for interpreting deep-reading electromagnetic data |
| US11/952,654 | 2007-12-07 |
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| CN2008801263295A Division CN101952744A (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2008-11-25 | Be used to explain the workflow based on model of deep investigation electromagnetic data |
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| CN201310029480XA Pending CN103149596A (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2008-11-25 | Model based workflow for interpreting deep-reading electromagnetic data |
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| US (2) | US20090150124A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2220578A2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113759418A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司 | Seismic while drilling stereo observation system, method, computer and program product |
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| EP2220578A2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| WO2009076066A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| CA2708266A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| US20120191353A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
| WO2009076066A3 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
| US20090150124A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
| CN101952744A (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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