CN103147431B - Similarity simulating method of vertical ship elevator mechanical synchro-system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a similarity simulating method of a vertical ship elevator mechanical synchro-system. During similarity simulation of the vertical ship elevator mechanical synchro-system, the geometrical size of a synchronization shaft is changed so as to guarantee that the torsion angle of a primary model is the same as that of a model, i.e. the proportion of the torsion angle of the primary model to the torsion angle of the model is equal to 1. Compared with the traditional similarity simulating method of the vertical ship elevator mechanical synchro-system, the method has the advantages that the consistency of the torsion deformation of the primary model and the model of the mechanical synchronization shaft can be better shown, and the stability state of a ship bearing carriage in a vertical ship elevator lifting process can be more convenient to observe. Different model materials are selected according to whole physical models in different geometrical sizes, and the model sizes which are easy to manufacture are selected, so that the model manufacturing difficulty can be effectively reduced.

Description

A kind of analog simulation method of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of analog simulation method of mechanical synchronization system, specifically a kind of analog simulation method of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system.

Background technology

Ship lift had the dam time short, adapt to head large, invest the advantages such as little and water saving, be widely applied in the high dam hinge having navigation to require at home and abroad.Vertical ship lift is one of main Types of built ship lift, drives ship reception chamber to be vertically elevated by motor.By synchronizing shaft, shaft coupling and tumbler gear, each reel is linked to be a rectangle mechanical synchronization system closed, make main electromotor structure each reel output speed equal, the speed sync of boom hoist cable, when there is a motor or two motor failure in main electromotor structure, all the other motors provide power by mechanical synchronization system to the plant equipment at inefficacy motor place, thus ensure that main electromotor can run under emergency conditions.

All the time, for the research of hydraulic engineering, physical model test is indispensable.But ensure reliability and the accuracy of this Logistics automatic system achievement, then must make to meet certain similarity rules between model and prototype, not only will consider the similar of scale dependent and hydraulic parameters, and need consider that structural mechanical property is similar simultaneously.

Full integrated physical model test is carried out to vertical ship lift, its prototype running can be simulated, for engineering design and construction provide scientific basis.During modeling design, its mechanical synchronization system can carry out partial simplified usually, motor number of units and power is determined by model and prototype hoisting depth are similar with hoisting velocity, synchronizing shaft, reel, fixed pulley etc. meet the geometric similarity between model and prototype, reel is considered as rigidity, meets kinematic similitude and wirerope-winding mode also should be similar.Concrete condition of similarity is:

(1) geometric similarity relation:

λ _L＝L/L _m；λ _D＝D/D _m＝λ _L (1)

Wherein, L, D are respectively characteristic length and the diameter of each parts, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor vertical ship lift full integrated physical model geometry guide.

(2) kinematic similitude relation:

In ship railway carriage or compartment, water body has Free Surface, meets gravity similarity criterion, and namely Froud number is identical, is also wherein v is the characteristic velocity of prototype water body, and L is prototype physical dimension, and subscript m is model value, can obtain thus: because fluid flowing belongs to nonstationary flow, therefore prototype and model should have identical Strouhal number, that is: thus can show that the model scale of cycle and frequency is: ${\mathrm{\λ}}_T=1/{\mathrm{\λ}}_f={\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{1/2},$ Wherein T, f are respectively cycle and frequency.

Ship railway carriage or compartment water body characteristic velocity is identical with mechanical synchronization system improving speed, therefore mechanical synchronization system motion similarity relation is:

${\mathrm{\λ}}_v={\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{1/2};{\mathrm{\λ}}_w={{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{-1/2}---\left(2\right)$

Wherein, v is system improving speed, and w is spool turns angular velocity, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide.

(3) structural mechanics is similar:

By the relation of mass of object m and volume V, λ can be obtained _m=λ _v=λ _l ³, λ _a=λ _v/ λ _t=1, thus:

λ _F＝ma＝λ _L ³； ${\mathrm{\λ}}_T=\frac{T}{T_m}=\frac{\mathrm{FD}/2}{F_m{D}_m/2}={\mathrm{\λ}}_F{\mathrm{\λ}}_D={{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^4---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, a is mine hoist acceleration, and F is system prototype lifting force, and T is moment of torsion suffered by synchronizing shaft prototype, and D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide.

Use above-mentioned analog simulation method, design process is simple, but can not the antitorque distortion of good analog mechanical synchronizing shaft, can not reflect the ship reception chamber tilt quantity brought thus.

(1) synchronizing shaft torsional rigidity (GI) formula is:

$\mathrm{GI}=\mathrm{G\π}\frac{D^4}{32}---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, G is material modulus of shearing, and I is second polar moment of area, and D is synchronizing shaft diameter.

(2) torsional angle (θ) formula of the antitorque distortion of synchronizing shaft is:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\frac{\mathrm{TL}}{\mathrm{GI}}---\left(5\right)$

Wherein, T is moment of torsion suffered by synchronizing shaft, and L is synchronizing shaft length, and G is material modulus of shearing, and I is second polar moment of area.

(3) the torsional angle guide of synchronizing shaft prototype and model is:

${\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{\θ}}=\frac{\mathrm{\θ}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_m}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_T{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{\mathrm{\λ}}_I}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^4{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^4}={\mathrm{\λ}}_G\frac{G_m}{G}---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, θ is the torsional angle of the antitorque distortion of synchronizing shaft prototype, and T is moment of torsion suffered by synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is the modulus of shearing of synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells, and I is synchronizing shaft prototype second polar moment of area, and L, D are respectively length and the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor vertical ship lift full integrated physical model geometry guide.

Can draw thus, model torsional angle is

In traditional mechanical synchronization system analog simulation design, synchronizing shaft prototype and model use identical steel usually, its shear modulus G, G _mequal, then model torsional angle compared with the little several times of prototype torsional angle, accurately can not reflect the antitorque distortion that synchronizing shaft produces and the ship reception chamber tilt quantity caused thus, the stable case poor effect of ship reception chamber is analyzed with this model, and ship reception chamber stable case is related to the security of operation of ship lift and stablizes, need to reach accurate analog as far as possible in a model.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

(1) solving in prior art can not the antitorque distortion of good analog mechanical synchronizing shaft, can not reflect the technical problem of the ship reception chamber tilt quantity brought thus;

(2) solve in prior art the stable case poor effect analyzing ship reception chamber, the security of operation of ship lift and stable can not the technical problem of accurate analog;

The object of the invention is to propose a kind of analog simulation method that accurately can reflect the antitorque distortion of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system synchronization axle, to pass through the stability state of ship reception chamber in corresponding model observation analysis vertical ship lift lifting process, with stable, accurate analog is carried out to the security of operation of ship lift.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem and realizes above goal of the invention is:

An analog simulation method for vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, in the analog simulation of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, change synchronizing shaft geometry guide, in the same size to ensure the torsional angle of prototype and model, namely the torsional angle guide of prototype and model equals 1.

The analog simulation method of above vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, specifically carry out according to the following steps:

(1) change the geometric similarity guide of synchronizing shaft diameter, make the torsional angle guide of prototype and model equal 1, namely

${\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{\θ}}=\frac{\mathrm{\θ}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_m}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_T{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{\mathrm{\λ}}_I}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^3{\mathrm{\λ}}_D{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{{\mathrm{\λ}}_D}^4}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^4}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{{\mathrm{\λ}}_D}^3}=1---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, θ is the torsional angle of the antitorque distortion of synchronizing shaft prototype, and T is moment of torsion suffered by synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is the modulus of shearing of synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells, and I is synchronizing shaft prototype second polar moment of area, and L, D are respectively length and the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor vertical ship lift full integrated physical model geometry guide;

(2) synchronizing shaft diameter geometric similarity guide is obtained according to step (), namely

${\mathrm{\λ}}_D=\frac{D}{D_m}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}{\sqrt[3]{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G}}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}{\sqrt[3]{G/G_m}}---\left(8\right)$

Wherein, D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide;

(3) obtaining mechanical synchronization system synchronization shaft model diameter reduction formula according to step (two) is:

$D_m=\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_D^{4/3}}\sqrt[3]{G/G_m}---\left(9\right)$

Wherein, D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide.

The technical scheme that the present invention limits further is:

The analog simulation method of aforesaid vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, different according to the material of model selection, obtain different synchronizing shaft moulded dimensions, be conducive to selecting suitable cast material and size according to manufacturing conditions.Specifically comprise the following steps:

If 1. prototype and model adopt identical steel, G=G _m, then

$D_m=\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{4/3}}---\left(10\right)$

Wherein, D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide;

If 2. prototype and model adopt different materials:

I prototype is steel, and model is copper, i.e. G=79GPa, G _m=35GPa, then:

$D_m=\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{4/3}}\sqrt[3]{G/G_m}\≈1.312\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{4/3}}---\left(11\right)$

Wherein, D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide;

Ii prototype is steel, and model is organic glass, i.e. G=79GPa, G _m=3GPa, then:

$D_m=\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{4/3}}\sqrt[3]{G/G_m}\≈2.975\frac{D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^{4/3}}---\left(12\right)$

Wherein, D is the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, and G is synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, and subscript m is model value, λ _lfor block mold geometry guide.

Advantage of the present invention is:

1. the present invention mainly makes vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system model consistent with the torsional angle of prototype, namely the torsional angle guide of prototype and model is 1, comparing traditional mechanical synchronization system analog simulation method can the angle of the antitorque distortion of analog mechanical synchronizing shaft more accurately, and the ship railway carriage or compartment tilting value caused, the stable case in observation analysis vertical ship lift running can be carried out by respective physical model, instruct the prototype of vertical ship lift.2. the present invention is by changing the geometric similarity guide of mechanical synchronization shaft diameter, reach the object that prototype is consistent with model torsional angle, and by adopting different cast materials, obtain multiple possible moulded dimension, so that live according to modelling, choose reasonable cast material, makes corresponding model, reduces modelling difficulty.3. the present invention is that vertical ship lift analog simulation method proposes new approaches, in like manner can be applicable to the aspects such as the distortion of simulation ship reception chamber, high building distortion, is conducive to the all-analog simulation carrying out vertical ship lift.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1

The present embodiment selects the former layout data of Jinghong ship lift mechanical synchronization axle system, synchronizing shaft outer diameter D=0.355m, internal diameter d=0.25m, under in the 0.4m of ship railway carriage or compartment, the water surface rocks effect, the peak torque that synchronous shaft system bears is 240kNm, and the peak torque that ship railway carriage or compartment inclination 6cm synchronizing shaft bears is 92kNm.Jinghong ship lift block mold geometry guide λ _l=10.

By method of the present invention, change the geometric similarity guide of synchronizing shaft diameter, make the torsional angle guide of model and prototype equal 1, and for convenience of making, in model, synchronizing shaft does not adopt the annulus pattern of prototype and is solid circular shafts, that is:

${\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{\θ}}=\frac{\mathrm{\θ}}{{\mathrm{\θ}}_m}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_T{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{\mathrm{\λ}}_I}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^3{\mathrm{\λ}}_D{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{\mathrm{\λ}}_I}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^4{\mathrm{\λ}}_D}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_G{\mathrm{\λ}}_I}=1---\left(13\right)$

Synchronizing shaft diameter similar scale: ${\mathrm{\λ}}_D=\frac{D-d}{D_m}---\left(14\right)$

The moment of torsion similar scale that synchronizing shaft bears: namely synchronizing shaft model can bear peak torque and is $T_{m\max }=\frac{T_{\max }}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L^3{\mathrm{\λ}}_D}\≈2.286D_m.$

The similar scale of synchronizing shaft polar moment of inertia:

${\mathrm{\λ}}_I=\frac{I}{I_m}=\frac{\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{32}(D^4-d^4)}{\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{32}{D_m}^4}=\frac{D^4-d^4}{{D_m}^4}---\left(15\right)$

Formula (14), (15) substitution formula (13) can be obtained mechanical synchronization system synchronization shaft model diameter conversion formula and are:

$D_m=\frac{\sqrt[3]{(D+d)(D^2+d^2)G/G_m}}{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}---\left(16\right)$

If prototype and model adopt identical material No. 45 steel, G=G _m, then

$D_m=\frac{\sqrt[3]{(D+d)(D^2+d^2)}}{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}\≈0.0225m---\left(17\right)$

Be that 0.0225m circular shaft carries out strength check by strength calculation formula to diameter, can to obtain diameter be thus the supporting capacity (moment of torsion) of No. 45 steel of 0.0225m is 626Nm-854Nm, enough bears the load of 51.4Nm.

If prototype and model adopt different materials:

Prototype is steel, and model is copper, i.e. G=79GPa, G _m=35GPa, then:

$D_m=\frac{\sqrt[3]{(D+d)(D^2+d^2)G/G_m}}{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}\≈0.03m---\left(18\right)$

Be that 0.03m circular shaft carries out strength check by strength calculation formula to diameter, can obtain the supporting capacity (moment of torsion) that diameter is the copper of 0.03m is thus 861Nm ~ 1304Nm, enough bears the load of 67.5Nm.

Prototype is steel, and model is organic glass, i.e. G=79GPa, G _m=3GPa, then:

$D_m=\frac{\sqrt[3]{(D+d)(D^2+d^2)G/G_m}}{{{\mathrm{\λ}}_L}^{4/3}}\≈0.067m---\left(19\right)$

Be that 0.067m circular shaft carries out strength check by strength calculation formula to diameter, can obtain the supporting capacity (moment of torsion) that diameter is the organic glass of 0.067m is thus 2362Nm-4547Nm, enough bears the load of 153Nm.

The block mold geometry guide λ that above-mentioned example adopts _l=10, all reach making requirement by the mold sync shaft size of this guide and analog simulation method gained above and intensity.If block mold geometry guide changes, can obtain by above analog simulation method:

Table 1 different integral model geometric guide synchronizing shaft model diameter and strength check thereof

Table 1 data show, along with block mold geometry guide becomes large, synchronizing shaft model diameter reduces gradually, although all have passed strength check, but when model scale arrives greatly certain stage, steel or synchronizing shaft made of copper have been reduced to the size being not easy to modelling, therefore, select suitable model scale to be considerable in modelling.

In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.

Claims (3)

1. the analog simulation method of a vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, it is characterized in that: in the analog simulation of described vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system, change synchronizing shaft geometry guide, in the same size to ensure the torsional angle of prototype and model, namely the torsional angle guide of prototype and model equals 1;

Specifically carry out according to the following steps:

(i) change the geometric similarity guide of synchronizing shaft diameter, make the torsional angle guide of prototype and model equal 1, namely

（7）

Wherein, for the torsional angle of the antitorque distortion of synchronizing shaft prototype, moment of torsion suffered by synchronizing shaft prototype, for the modulus of shearing of synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells, for synchronizing shaft prototype second polar moment of area, , be respectively length and the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, subscript for model value, for vertical ship lift full integrated physical model geometry guide;

(ii) synchronizing shaft diameter geometric similarity guide is (i) obtained according to step, namely

（8）

Wherein, for the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, for synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, subscript for model value, for block mold geometry guide;

(iii) (ii) obtaining mechanical synchronization system synchronization shaft model diameter reduction formula according to step is:

（9）

Wherein, for the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, for synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, subscript for model value, for block mold geometry guide.

2. the analog simulation method of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: different according to the material of model selection, obtain different synchronizing shaft moulded dimensions, be conducive to selecting suitable cast material and size according to manufacturing conditions.

3. the analog simulation method of vertical ship lift mechanical synchronization system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

If 1. prototype and model adopt identical steel, = , then

（10）

Wherein, for the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, for synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, subscript for model value, for block mold geometry guide;

If 2. prototype and model adopt different materials:

I prototype is steel, and model is copper, namely =79GPa, =35GPa, then:

≈1.312 （11）

Wherein, for the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, for synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, subscript for model value, for block mold geometry guide;

II prototype is steel, and model is organic glass, namely =79GPa, =3GPa, then:

≈2.975 （12）

Wherein, for the diameter of synchronizing shaft prototype, for synchronizing shaft leiomyoma cells modulus of shearing, subscript for model value, for block mold geometry guide.