CN103140609A - Cathode, device for aluminum production, and use of the cathode in aluminum production - Google Patents
Cathode, device for aluminum production, and use of the cathode in aluminum production Download PDFInfo
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- CN103140609A CN103140609A CN2011800411249A CN201180041124A CN103140609A CN 103140609 A CN103140609 A CN 103140609A CN 2011800411249 A CN2011800411249 A CN 2011800411249A CN 201180041124 A CN201180041124 A CN 201180041124A CN 103140609 A CN103140609 A CN 103140609A
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- negative electrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Abstract
The invention relates to a cathode (10) and to a device (100) for melt flow-based metal production and provides uses for the cathode (10) and the device (100). A core aspect of the present invention consists in designing the cathode (10) to have at least two layers, that is, a process-side process layer (12) made of or with an abrasion-resistant process material (12'), and a current transfer layer (11) made with or of an electrically conductive, and in particular low-impedance, current transfer material (11'). Furthermore, the process side (10o) is designed in a profiled manner with a recess (10a, 12a) and/or an elevation (10e, 12e), or with a plurality of recesses (10a, 12a) and/or elevations (10e, 12e).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for Metal Production and in particular for the negative electrode of the production of aluminium, be used for Metal Production and in particular for the device of the production of aluminium, and described negative electrode and described device are used for Metal Production and in particular for the purposes of the production of aluminium.
Background technology
Technique based on so-called fused salt electrolysis is used for the production of production and the especially aluminium of metal continually.
Traditionally, continually Hall-H é roult technique is used for the production of aluminium.This technique relates in the fused salt electrolysis framework utilizing and has sodium aluminum fluoride Na
3[AlF
6] melt to aluminium oxide Al
2O
3Process and it is dissolved in wherein, wherein then in reduction is processed, fine aluminium being separated.This technique basic concept behind is, before the electrolysis working stage of reality, aluminum oxide is mixed with sodium aluminum fluoride as solvent, thereby reduces temperature of fusion thus, namely from for pure alumina approximately 2045 ℃ be down to in the approximately scope of 950 ℃ of mixing.
Then, roughly according to following process, aluminum oxide is reduced into fine aluminium:
2Al
2O
3→4Al+3O
2。
The density ratio aluminum oxide of the liquid aluminium of the reduction that produces and the density of cryolite melts are larger, therefore can be such as base melt, it being collected in relevant device by suction channel etc.
The carbon reaction of the same oxygen that produces and anode.
Except for example reducing the degree of energy efficiency by ohmic loss, at first be susceptibility to the wearing and tearing of use negative electrode to this technique and the problem relevant with the design and use of relevant device, and for carrying out the needed high specific energy of redox.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention was devoted to solve is that explanation is produced the negative electrode of aluminium and installs and uses thereof by means of fused salt electrolysis, wherein use simple especially means to prevent the cathode surface wearing and tearing and therefore slow down wear process, on the other hand, in the situation that the actual aluminium production self of energy-efficient enforcement.
By producing aluminium with the feature of independent patent claim 1 in negative electrode according to the present invention is based on fused salt, solved the problem that the present invention was devoted to solve.In addition, by producing aluminium with the feature of independent patent claim 14 in device according to the present invention is based on fused salt, solved the problem that the present invention was devoted to solve.And, by in producing aluminium according to independent patent claim 16 and 17 based on fused salt according to negative electrode of the present invention with according to the purposes of device of the present invention, solved described problem.In each case, the purport of dependent claims is favourable improvement.
the invention provides a kind of negative electrode that is used for electrolyzer based on this purpose, be used for producing aluminium at electrolytic bath from the oxide compound of aluminium, wherein said negative electrode demonstrates processes the side, described processing side turns to electrolytic bath at run duration, wherein said negative electrode is hierarchial design, has the current transfer layer that contains the processing layer of processing material and contain the current transfer material, described processing layer partially or completely forms the processing side of negative electrode, wherein said processing material is stronger than the wear resistance of described current transfer material, wherein said current transfer material is stronger than the electroconductibility of described processing material, and wherein design described processing side in the die mould mode with one or more recesses and/or projection.In this case, there is relative mistake in wear resistance with between than specific conductivity under actual electrolytic condition.For example, in each case to wear resistance be that actual treatment temp is as 950 ℃ than the preferred measurement temperature that specific conductivity compares.
Therefore, basic sides according to negative electrode of the present invention, be the multi-ply construction of described negative electrode on the one hand, comprise that namely at least one is made by the Wear-resistant Treatment material or the processing layer that consists of and the current transfer layer of being made or being consisted of by special conductive current transferred material, described processing layer is assigned to and faces melt flow at run duration and bathes, and described current transfer layer is bathed towards melt flow at the run duration back of the body, is on the other hand the die mould of the processing side of negative electrode with recess and/or projection or a plurality of recesses and/or projection.
By the Wear-resistant Treatment material is set, reduce or prevent composition that melt flow bathes in the effect of processing anticathode surface on the side and the wearing and tearing of accompanying therewith on described negative electrode.
Die mould design based on one or more recesses and/or projection has further reduced wearing and tearing, because reduce motion, the especially liquid aluminium motion by electromagnetic interaction of the composition of melt flow bath to a certain degree in by forming cavity or passage.
Also realized higher energy efficiency according to the present invention, namely, be to reduce on the one hand the motion of the composition of melt flow bath, so can be reduced in the distance B that run duration is arranged to negative electrode from the anode arrangement that arranges, be from the surface of melt liquid aluminium more accurately or the frictional belt to the anode downside apart from δ, it is equivalent to the decline of ohmic loss, be that on the other hand low electrical resistant material also can be used as lowermost layer d, wherein must only consider energy efficiency raising aspect herein, because do not need to consider that melt flow bathes the direct contact between composition.
In meaning of the present invention, quite widely the term negative electrode is made an explanation.By example but not exclusively, this can relate to so-called cathode bottom, it is made of a plurality of cathode blocks, thereby realizes generally according to basic sides of the present invention by this cathode bottom, is namely the structure of layer on the one hand, is die mould on the other hand.
Yet, the term negative electrode also should be used in reference to the part-structure that forms this cathode bottom in the meaning of cathode block, thereby also can or also can realize according to basic sides of the present invention generally by cathode block by cathode block, be namely above-mentioned hierarchial design on the one hand, is die mould on the other hand.
In design, described processing layer and especially described processing material can be for unbodied, especially make, consist of by carbon material or make as the basis and/or make as the basis take the forging hard coal take it, preferably, its at room temperature be vertically that approximately 23 Ω μ m are to about 40 Ω μ m than resistance, preferred approximately 25 Ω μ m are to about 35 Ω μ m.Vertically for example be considered to refer in the installation site of electrolyzer in other words to refer to perpendicular to the resistance of negative electrode the resistance perpendicular to the cathode block longitudinal axis that records than resistance in this case.At the conventional processing temperature of 950 ℃, described is vertically that approximately 20 Ω μ m are to about 32 Ω μ m than resistance, and preferred approximately 22 Ω μ m are to about 28 Ω μ m.
Described current transfer layer and especially described current transfer material can be made by carbon material, consist of or make as the basis take it, especially make or consist of by graphite and/or graphite material with the graphite form, its at room temperature vertically be preferably approximately 14 Ω μ m to about 20 Ω μ m than resistance, preferred approximately 16 Ω μ m are to about 18 Ω μ m.In the situation that the conventional processing temperature of 950 ℃, described is vertically that approximately 13 Ω μ m are to about 18 Ω μ m than resistance, and preferred approximately 14 Ω μ m are to about 16 Ω μ m.
Although in each case carbon material is shown as substrate herein, also can advantageously imagine the blend of the material of other type, such as refractory metal blend etc.
Be arranged in described processing side or the recess on it can by in described processing layer and/or current transfer layer and the recess in especially described processing material form.
Be arranged in described processing side or the projection on it can be by convexing to form in described processing layer and in especially described processing material.Described projection also can adopt the shape of burr, ridge or fin.
Can be the plane at the section of processing the side described in design.Especially, described recess and/or projection may be substantially of square form in the transverse section.
Yet in principle, described recess and/or projection can be showed arbitrary form in the transverse section and on its longitudinal extension direction.For example it can be formed by the protrusion of any structure or recessed zone or section.Even these are being simple especially geometrically, do not need to concentrate on rectangle or square in form yet.In principle, also can consider to produce simply especially the aspect of this recess and projection herein.For example can consider arc, circular segment, trapezoidal or triangular shaped form.
Described processing layer directly can be arranged on described current transfer layer.Especially, in design, the frictional belt between described processing layer and described current transfer layer, namely the frictional belt between the upper side of the downside of described processing layer and described current transfer layer, can be the plane.Although the two-layer structure of electrode body is enough to realize the present invention, a plurality of layers also can be set, thereby for example by producing gradient system to reduce thermal and mechanical stress.
The width ba of the degree of depth ta of described recess and described recess can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:3 to about 1:1 scope and preferably at about 1:2 to about 1:1 scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (1)
1:3≤ta:ba≤1:1 (1)
And especially satisfy relation (1 ')
1:2≤ta:ba≤1:1 (1’)。
The height he of described projection and the width be of described projection can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:2 to about 2:1 scope and preferably in about 1:1 scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (2)
1:2≤he:be≤2:1 (2)
And especially satisfy relation (2 ')
he:be≈1:1 (2’)。
The width ba of described recess and the width be of described projection can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:1 to about 4:1 scope, thereby satisfy approx for example relation (3)
1:1≤ba:be≤4:1 (3)。
The degree of depth ta of described recess can show or present following value especially, described value at about 100mm to about 250mm scope, in preferred approximately 100mm scope.
The width ba of described recess can show or present following value especially, described value at about 140mm to about 200mm scope.
The height he of described projection can show or present following value especially, described value at about 100mm to about 250mm scope, in preferred approximately 100mm scope.
The width be of described projection can show or present following value especially, described value at about 100mm to about 200mm scope, in preferred approximately 100mm scope.
Aspect obvious in the design of the geometrical shape of described arrangement of electrodes be, character due to the melt flow bath that is formed by aluminum oxide, aluminium and sodium aluminum fluoride, so cause specific final condition, distance B between for example arranging about negative electrode and positive electrode, more accurately be from the surface of melt liquid aluminium to anode arrangement apart from δ, thereby can effectively move electrolyzer aspect energy.Therefore, demonstrate, should be no more than the value of 50mm to 80mm apart from δ between run duration aluminium and anode arrangement, otherwise the ohmic loss meeting causes the production technique inefficiency.
Described negative electrode can preferably be made of a plurality of cathode blocks, preferably the mode with cathode bottom consists of, wherein said cathode block is particularly identical in geometrical shape and/or configuration aspects in structure, or described cathode block is constructed to have identical effect, and/or described cathode block laterally arranges adjacent to each other with respect to described processing side and/or electric current collection side, and/or in wherein said cathode block one, a plurality of or all layering and die mould separately in structure.
Especially, this means, by means of one, a plurality of or whole cathode block, realized respectively basic sides of the present invention, namely be on the one hand top processing layer with high-wearing feature more and the negative electrode layered structure of the bottom current transfer layer of high conductivity more, the die mould for processing side with one or more projections and/or recess designs on the other hand.
In this case, cathode block directly adjacent to each other demonstrates contact and equilibrium region betwixt, it is configured and is used for mechanical separation, in particular for absorbing thermal and mechanical stress, especially in each case to fill the mode in gap or filling mixt gap.
When particularly also using so-called filling gap as balancing component, comprise a plurality of cathode blocks negative electrode Structure Decreasing thermal and mechanical stress.
In the projection of processing on the side and especially arranging in processing layer and processing material, can be configured to fin, burr or ridge, especially in the transverse section in substantially rectangular mode, be configured to raised zones, be configured to the waviness zone, be configured to have the prism form and especially have the zone of trilateral or trapezoidal bottom surface and/or be configured to its combination.
The projection and/or the recess that arrange can demonstrate along its longitudinal extension direction the transverse section of variation, the height he or the degree of depth ta that especially change.
Mentioned as top institute, square or rectangle basic structure not necessarily, therefore do not need to be especially fin yet in the design of projection or recess.
For continue in the vertical progress in the transverse section, all optional for recess or projection, thus do not need especially fin yet.On the contrary, it can select geometrical shape thus aspect height or the degree of depth or change aspect width in addition so that can be aspect production in simple mode especially effectively and still, further limit the motion of the composition that melt flow bathes.
According to other aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of device with based on melt flow to produce aluminium, described device comprises anode arrangement and fusing and the reaction chamber between described anode and described negative electrode that has according to negative electrode of the present invention.
Distance B between described negative electrode and described anode arrangement can show or present following value in this case, described value at about 20mm to about 200mm scope, preferably at about 40mm to about 70mm scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (4)
20mm≤D≤200mm (4)
And relation (4 ') especially
40mm≤D≤70mm (4’)，
Thereby in when operation device, can will be set as the value to about 45mm scope, in preferred approximately 30mm scope at about 15mm apart from δ between the surface of anode arrangement and melt liquid aluminium or frictional belt, thereby satisfied for example relation (5)
15mm≤δ≤45mm (5)
And relation (5 ') especially
δ≈30mm (5’)。
Negative electrode according to the present invention can be used for preferred in the situation that according to Hall-H é roult technique in sodium aluminum fluoride is bathed fused salt electrolysis based on fused salt produce metal and and especially produce the technique of aluminium, and can be used in for this purpose device.
During device according to the present invention can be used for preferably producing metal and especially producing the technique of aluminium based on melt flow according to the framework of Hall-H é roult technique fused salt electrolysis in sodium aluminum fluoride is bathed.
Based on appended schematic diagram, by embodiment, this aspect and other side are described.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A to D has shown the first embodiment according to device of the present invention with schematic part sectional drawing, and described device is used for using produces aluminium according to the first embodiment of negative electrode of the present invention based on fused salt electrolysis.
Fig. 2 A to D has shown the second embodiment according to device of the present invention with schematic part sectional drawing, and described device is used for using produces aluminium according to the second embodiment of negative electrode of the present invention based on fused salt electrolysis.
Fig. 3 A to E has shown different embodiments for the die mould of the processing side of negative electrode embodiment of the present invention with schematic cross-sectional side.
Fig. 4 has shown negative electrode and has comprised the schematic top view of geometric configuration of the anode arrangement of a plurality of.
Fig. 5 has shown other embodiment according to device of the present invention with schematic part sectional drawing, and described device is used for using produces aluminium according to other embodiment of negative electrode of the present invention based on fused salt electrolysis.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the present invention.All of the embodiments of the present invention comprises described technical characterictic and its character, can separate separately or independent assortment, in other words, can be freely combined with one another and unrestricted.
Hereinafter, about accompanying drawing, use identical Reference numeral to refer on structure and/or feature or element identical on function, similar or that have same effect.No longer repeat in each case the detailed description to these features or element.
Unless otherwise indicated, described accompanying drawing is by means of the example of usage example embodiment and schematically rather than by substantial proportion describe the present invention.
At first totally with reference to accompanying drawing.
The present invention also relates to the composite cathode 10 with die mould surface 10o especially, and it is used for producing based on melt flow device 100 and the technique of aluminium especially.
On technical scale, particularly by in cryolite melts 21, the technique that aluminum oxide carries out electrolysis being produced aluminium by means of Hall-H é roult technique.The embodiment of this technique is used coated cathode piece 10 ', for example has the lower floor 11 of conduction and wear-resisting upper strata 12.In this case, can use the different embodiments on the surface on upper strata.
The height energy-intensive by the related technique of electrolysis production primary aluminum in Hall-H é roult technique.Except supplying electrochemical energy so that aluminum oxide is reduced into aluminium, the major part of the electric energy of supplying changes into heat in the layer of sodium aluminum fluoride bath 21.
Due to particularly because of the motion of the caused liquid aluminium of interaction of the high-intensity magnetic field of current induced, so must observe 30 to 50mm minor increment between aluminium surface and anode surface, thereby avoid short circuit and undesirable reversed reaction to again be oxidized as the aluminium that has formed.
Die mould surface 10o namely is provided with the surface of recess 10a, 12a and/or protruding 10e, 12e, can reduce or even eliminate these impacts, the particularly motion of aluminium.Yet, can not avoid in this case the existence of current density ununiformity, described current density ununiformity can cause abrasive forces.
, reducing or eliminating aspect this wearing and tearing advantageous particularly as providing high-abrasive material 12 ' take anthracitic form as cathode surface 10o, 12o according to the inventive example.
Yet independent this processing can cause resistance to increase, and therefore with the goal conflict of improving energy efficiency.
On the other hand, comprise electrically conductive graphite layer 11 as lower floor and comprise the structurized planar cathode piece 10 ' in layer on wear-resisting amorphous upper strata 12, namely by reducing cathode resistor, can help this raising of energy efficiency.
Yet independent this processing will not prevent the motion of metal, therefore can not the wear prevention problem.
The present invention's basic concept behind is based on that these of applicant and contriver are preliminary to be considered and research and the combination of the present invention of giving chapter and verse, and wherein the die mould surface of the embodiment of the negative electrode of layering and cathode block is made up.On the one hand, be possible thus to the patience of abrasive forces, and on the other hand, based on the decline of cathode resistor and to improve energy efficiency be also possible.
Therefore, following design has been proposed, wherein will and for example be in wear-resisting upper strata 12 combinations of amorphous and/or anthracite coal measure form as the conduction lower floor 11 of basal layer, and namely utilize corresponding wear resistance with respect to mobile molten bath component to produce thus higher energy efficiency.
Die mould about surperficial 10o; arrange in the superiors 12 and usually can reduce recess 10a, 12a and/or protruding 10e, the 12e that movement of metallic and melt flow are bathed 20 ' componental movement; thereby reduce thus abrasive forces and may reduce distance between anode 30 and negative electrode 10; be the distance B between anode 30 and metal 20 ', thereby further improve energy efficiency.
In order to prevent the unstable in this electrolyzer, namely prevent due to the unstable that may Leakage Current causes, the thickness of giving given layer of the molten aluminum 22 on protruding 10e, 12e or fin 12f must not surpass to delimiting or dropping on described following to delimiting.
The layering negative electrode 10 that can use the vibration shaping technical construction to design according to the present invention.
Process amorphous or hard coal material on the side can be for example based on the material of the graphite of the electro-forge hard coal processed that contains 70% ratio of having an appointment in solid and 30%.The formation that is used for the current transfer side has the graphite material of the substrate of low resistivity, can be for for example have the material of the synthetic graphite of 100% ratio in solid.
For lower floor and upper strata, namely for current transfer layer and processing layer, described layer thickness can demonstrate the layer thickness ratio of 50:50.
For example, can be formed on the recess 10a, the 12a that process the configuration on the 10o of side, so that about center recess 10az, 12az are assigned to cathode block 10 ' fully, and two peripheral recess 10ap, 12ap are used on the edge with the adjacent cathode block 10 ' that is divided into its right and the left side.
Centre or center recess 10az, 12az can demonstrate width and the degree of depth in the 100mm scope in the 200mm scope.Angle or edge do not need strictly for the right angle, but for example can form the circular edge of radius-of-curvature r=20mm.Peripheral recess 10ap, 12ap separately can demonstrate in edge the degree of depth of width and the same 100mm of 50mm.Herein, edge contour does not strictly limit according to the right angle geometrical shape yet, but can for example demonstrate angle or the edge of the circle of radius-of-curvature r=20mm yet.
Can be about 150mm at the height of the whole aluminium lamination of run duration, for example also has 30mm on protruding 10e, 12e, therefore for from the surface of melt liquid aluminium 22 or the frictional belt to described anode arrangement 30 can realize the approximately value of 30mm apart from δ, should think that at run duration this is favourable.
Now will be in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
Figure 1A to 1D has shown a plurality of schematic part sectional drawing according to the first embodiment of device 100 of the present invention, and described device is used for using produces aluminium according to the first embodiment of negative electrode 10 of the present invention based on melt flow.
Plane or the line of cross sectional plane and projection A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D are drawn in Figure 1A to 1D, its mark in every kind of situation different views and refer to each Figure 1A to 1D about the letter that uses in every kind of situation.
The device 100 that is used for producing based on melt flow aluminium that proposes in these Figure 1A to 1D, arrange 10 based on what have a cathode block 10 ' according to negative electrode of the present invention, described cathode block 10 ' has current transfer layer 11 and is exposed to the processing layer 12 of described treatment chamber 20, bottom being arranged in very, described current transfer layer 11 locating and arranges a layer thereon, described treatment chamber 20 has the molten salt electrolytic bath 20 ' of melt liquid aluminium 22 and the zone 21 that is located thereon, the mixture with sodium aluminum fluoride and aluminum oxide.
Described current transfer layer 11 disposes upper side 11o and downside 11u, and described downside 11u forms the current transfer side 10u of negative electrode 10 simultaneously.Described current transfer layer 11 disposes current transfer material 11 ' or is made of described current transfer material 11 ', with respect to processing layer disposed thereon 12, described current transfer layer 11 demonstrates lower or especially little resistance, and therefore can be considered to have low ohm value.This current transfer material 11 ' can be for example take natural or synthetic graphite as the basis or formed by it, and can at room temperature demonstrate especially following ratio resistance, this than resistance at about 14 Ω μ m to about 20 Ω μ m scopes and preferably at about 16 Ω μ m to about 18 Ω μ m scopes.
Processing layer 12 with processing material 12 ' of wear-resisting form is directly connected to the current transfer layer 11 as lowermost layer, and result forms its downside 12 and upper side 12o, and the latter forms the processing side 10o of negative electrode 10 simultaneously in described situation.
Frictional belt between described current transfer layer 11 and described processing layer 12 forms by the upper side 11o of current transfer layer 11 and the downside 12u of processing layer 12, and in this case be configured to the plane.Yet this not necessarily.On the contrary, frictional belt 11o, 12u can require according to the geometrical shape of device 100 total structure to select and construct.
What embed in the current transfer material 11 ' of described current transfer layer 11 is current collector or bus 13, and for example it is the form of rod iron, and described current collector or bus 13 dispose cast iron housing 14 on the direction of current transfer material 11 '.
On the upper side 10o or processing side 10o of described negative electrode 10, namely at processing layer 12 or in processing the zone of upper side 12o of material 12 ', the corresponding die mould that formation is made of recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e, it is the form of so-called fin 10f, 12f in this case.
In the layout according to Figure 1A to 1D, with the described negative electrode 10 of the formal construction of a plurality of cathode blocks 10 ', thereby each in described 10 ' demonstrates center recess 12az and two peripheral recess 12ap on processing side 10o, and therefore demonstrates two protruding 12e or fin 12f that delimit these centers and peripheral recess 12az and 12ap.
Laterally adjacent and what arrange in its lower section is the so-called gap 40 of filling with peripheral recess 12ap, it is near adjacent cathode block 10 ' of negative electrode 10 and absorb and the balance thermal and mechanical stress because of its mechanical properties thus, described thermal and mechanical stress be will install 100 and particularly negative electrode 10 be heated to from room temperature usually produce up to the operating temperature 1000 ℃ of scopes the time.
Size shown in Figure 1A to 1D is just to exemplary purpose and not necessarily.On the contrary, also can be used in the design of layer thickness, distance etc. in the size range shown in the context of specification sheets.
Fig. 2 A to 2D is to have shown according to device 100 of the present invention with according to another embodiment of negative electrode 10 of the present invention with the similar mode of Figure 1A to 1D.
Although particularly in the situation of the embodiment in Figure 1A and 1D, fin 12f or protruding 10e, 12e are extending on the y direction on whole length or in the accompanying drawings and are demonstrating herein constant height he, but fin 12f or protruding 10e, 12e are not constituted on vertical or y direction in the embodiment of Fig. 2 A to 2D and have constant altitude he, be on the contrary and have the stepped of the first and second height, this point is mutually different.Therefore in this case, each protruding 10e, 12e have the first height and have the second height along the second half along the first half of total length on the y direction.In this case, in the sequence of the piece 10 ' of negative electrode 10, namely along the x direction of Fig. 2 A to 2D, arrange alternately, thereby for each protruding 10e, 12e, replace or construct in the mode of chessboard the profile of different heights, make and reduce thus the motion of material in melt flow is bathed.
Also can imagine in principle other height die mould, namely have a plurality of other height or also have continuous height profile for fin 12f, namely be in the form on inclined-plane etc.
Fig. 3 A to 3B has shown the different embodiments of processing the die mould of side 10o, i.e. final geometrical shape embodiment or cross-sectional form for recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e or fin 12f.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3 A, also reflected and also identical cross-sectional outling in Figure 1A to 1D and Fig. 2 A to 2D, namely wherein the transverse section of recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e is the layout of rectangle substantially.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3 B, recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e are shown as circle, i.e. the edge contour of on-right angle.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3 C, recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e have the triangular cross-section profile, thereby are generally prismatic.
In the layout according to Fig. 3 D, the raised zones almost be in the cylindrical cross section form is set with as protruding 10e, 12e.
In the layout of Fig. 3 E, the sequence shows efferent echo first class line of recess 10a, 12a and protruding 10e, 12e may be sinusoidal curve.
Fig. 4 has shown the schematic top view of the geometric configuration of the negative electrode 10 that comprises a plurality of 10 ' and anode arrangement 30.In the x direction transversely, two pieces 10 ' of the piece covered cathode of described anode arrangement 30, but only reach half of size of the piece 10 ' of negative electrode 10 on the y direction, thus the piece that needs two row's anode arrangement 30 on the y direction is with complete covered cathode piece 10 '.
Fig. 5 has shown the schematic part sectional drawing according to other embodiment of device 100 of the present invention, and described device is used for using produces aluminium according to other embodiment of negative electrode 10 of the present invention based on fused salt electrolysis.
Utilize and other like configurations of comparing according to the device 100 of Figure 1A to 1D, do not arrange in the case in gap 10a, 12a or recess 10a, 12 zone and fill gap 40,40 ', but described filling gap 40,40 ' is set in the zone of protruding 10e, 12e in each case.
Reference numerals list
10 according to negative electrode of the present invention
10 ' cathode block
The 10a recess
10e projection, ridge, burr
10o processes side, upper side
10u current transfer side, downside
11 current transfer layers
11 ' current transfer material
Upper side, the frictional belt of 11o current transfer layer 11
The downside of 11u current transfer layer 11
12 processing layers
12 ' processes material
The 12a recess
12az center recess
The peripheral recess of 12ap
12e projection, ridge, burr
12f fin, burr
The upper side of 12o processing layer 12
The downside of 12u processing layer 12, frictional belt
13 current collectoies, rod iron, bus
14 iron shells
20 treatment chambers
20 ' molten bath, melt
21 sodium aluminum fluorides and alumina melt
22 molten aluminiums
30 anode arrangement, anode
40 contact and balancing components
40 ' fills gap, filling mixt gap
100 according to device of the present invention
The width of ba recess
The width of be projection
The height of he projection
D is 10 minor increment from anode arrangement 30 to negative electrode
D ' in the zone of shorter projection from anode arrangement 30 to negative electrode 10 distance
The distance of δ from the melt 22 that consisted of by aluminium to anode arrangement 30
The degree of depth of ta recess
Claims (17)
1. negative electrode (10) that is used for electrolyzer, it is used for producing aluminium at electrolytic bath from the oxide compound of aluminium, described negative electrode has processing side (10o), described processing side (10o) turns to electrolytic bath (20 ') at run duration, wherein said negative electrode (10) is hierarchial design, have and contain the processing layer (12) of processing material (12 ') and the current transfer layer (11) that contains current transfer material (11 '), described processing layer (12) partially or completely forms the processing side (10o) of described negative electrode (10), wherein said processing material (12 ') is stronger than the wear resistance of described current transfer material (11 '), wherein said current transfer material (11 ') is stronger than the electroconductibility of described processing material (12 '), and wherein design described processing side (10o) in the die mould mode with one or more recesses (10a) and/or projection (10e).
2. negative electrode according to claim 1 (10), wherein can be for unbodied at processing layer (12) described in design and especially described processing material (12 '), especially make, consist of by carbon material or make as the basis and/or make as the basis take the forging hard coal take it, preferably, its at room temperature be vertically that approximately 23 Ω μ m to about 40 Ω μ m, also are preferably approximately 25 Ω μ m to about 35 Ω μ m than resistance.
3. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein said current transfer layer (11) and especially described current transfer material (11 ') can be made by carbon material, consist of or make as the basis take it, especially make or consist of by graphite and/or graphite material with the graphite form, its at room temperature vertically be preferably approximately 14 Ω μ m to about 20 Ω μ m than resistance, be preferably approximately 16 Ω μ m to about 18 Ω μ m.
4. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein form recess (10a) by the recess (12a) in described processing layer (12) and especially described processing material (12 ') in described processing side (10o) or on it, and/or wherein the projection (10e) in described processing side (10o) or on it is formed by the projection (12e) in described processing layer (12) and especially described processing material (12 ').
5. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein can be the plane at the section of processing side (10a) described in design, and especially, described recess (10a) and/or projection (10e) are rectangle, square, arc, circular segment, trapezoidal or leg-of-mutton form in the transverse section substantially.
6. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein in design, described processing layer (12) directly is arranged on described current transfer layer (11), and, frictional belt between described processing layer (12) and described current transfer layer (11), being the frictional belt between the upper side (11o) of the downside (12u) of described processing layer (12) and described current transfer layer (11), is the plane especially.
7. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein the width ba of the degree of depth ta of recess (10a, 12a) and recess (10a, 12a) can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:3 to about 1:1 scope and preferably at about 1:2 to about 1:1 scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (1)
1:3≤ta:ba≤1:1 (1)
And especially satisfy relation (1 ')
1:2≤ta:ba≤1:1 (1’)
The width be of the height he of its protrusions (10e, 12e) and projection (10e, 12e) can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:2 to about 2:1 scope and preferably in about 1:1 scope, thereby for example satisfy relation (2)
1:2≤he:be≤2:1 (2)
And especially satisfy relation (2 ')
he:be≈1:1 (2’)
And/or the width be of the width ba of recess (10a, 12a) and projection (10e, 12e) can show or present following value, the ratio of described value at about 1:1 to about 4:1 scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (3)
1:1≤ba:be≤4:1 (3)。
8. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein said recess (10a, degree of depth 12a) (ta) can demonstrate at about 100mm to about 250mm scope, value in preferred approximately 100mm scope, described recess (10a, width 12a) (ba) can demonstrate the value to the about 200mm scope at about 140mm, described projection (10e, height 12e) (he) can demonstrate at about 100mm to about 250mm scope, value in preferred approximately 100mm scope, and/or described projection (10e, width 12e) (be) can demonstrate at about 100mm to about 200mm scope, value in preferred approximately 100mm scope.
9. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, wherein said negative electrode comprises a plurality of cathode blocks (10 '), especially consisted of by a plurality of cathode blocks (10 '), wherein said cathode block (10 ') is particularly identical in geometrical shape and/or configuration aspects in structure, or described cathode block (10 ') is constructed to have identical effect, and/or described cathode block (10 ') is laterally arranged adjacent to each other with respect to described processing side (10o) and/or electric current collection side (10u).
10. negative electrode according to claim 9 (10), wherein design the processing side (10o) of at least one cathode block (10 '), especially whole cathode blocks (10 ') by one or more recesses (10a) and/or projection (10e) in the mode of die mould.
11. according to claim 9 or 10 described negative electrodes (10), wherein directly adjacent to each other cathode block (10 ') has shown contact and equilibrium region (40) betwixt, it is configured and is used for mechanical separation, in particular for absorbing thermal and mechanical stress, especially in each case to fill the mode in gap (40 ').
12. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, and especially projection in described processing layer (12) and described processing material (12 ') (10e, 12e) upper in described processing side (10o) wherein, can be configured to fin, burr or ridge (12f), especially in the transverse section in substantially rectangular mode, be configured to raised zones, be configured to the waviness zone, be configured to have the prism form and especially have the zone of trilateral or trapezoidal bottom surface and/or be configured to its combination.
13. according to the described negative electrode (10) in aforementioned claim, the projection (10e, 12e) that wherein arranges and/or recess (10a, 12a) can be along demonstrating the transverse section of variation on its longitudinal extension direction, the height (he) or the degree of depth (ta) that especially change.
A 14. device (100), it is used for producing aluminium based on fused salt, described device comprises the anode arrangement (30) with described negative electrode (10) according to claim 1 to 13, and the fusing between described anode arrangement (30) and described negative electrode (10) and reaction chamber (20).
15. device according to claim 14 (100), distance (D) between wherein said negative electrode (10) and described anode arrangement (30) can show or present following value in this case, described value at about 20mm to about 200mm scope, preferably at about 40mm to about 70mm scope, thereby satisfy approx relation (4)
20mm≤D≤100mm (4)
And especially satisfy relation (4 ')
40mm≤D≤70mm (4’)。
16. the described negative electrode (10) according to claim 1 to 13 is for following technique and for the purposes as lower device, described technique is preferred in the situation that according to the Hall-H é roult technique technique that fused salt electrolysis is produced metal and especially produced aluminium based on melt flow-salt in sodium aluminum fluoride is bathed, and described device is used to the device of this purpose.
17. the described device (100) according to claim 14 or 15 is used for the purposes of following technique, described technique is the technique of preferably producing metal and especially producing aluminium based on melt flow under according to the environment of Hall-H é roult technique fused salt electrolysis in sodium aluminum fluoride is bathed.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010039638.9A DE102010039638B4 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2010-08-23 | Cathode, apparatus for aluminum extraction and use of the cathode in aluminum production |
| DE102010039638.9 | 2010-08-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2011/064402 WO2012025498A1 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | Cathode, device for aluminum production, and use of the cathode in aluminum production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103140609A true CN103140609A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
Family
ID=44653272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800411249A Pending CN103140609A (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | Cathode, device for aluminum production, and use of the cathode in aluminum production |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2609230A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2013536321A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103140609A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2808243A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010039638B4 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2013112862A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012025498A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105452537A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2016-03-30 | 力拓艾尔坎国际有限公司 | Electrolysis tank with slotted floor |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011086040A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Electrolysis cell, in particular for the production of aluminum, with a trough-shaped cathode |
| DE102013207738A1 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode block with a groove of varying depth and filled gap |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2609230A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
| CA2808243A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
| DE102010039638A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
| WO2012025498A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
| JP2013536321A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| DE102010039638B4 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| RU2013112862A (en) | 2014-09-27 |
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Application publication date: 20130605 |