CN103138168B - 飞行器断路器板的电缆布线 - Google Patents

飞行器断路器板的电缆布线 Download PDF

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CN103138168B
CN103138168B CN201210487148.3A CN201210487148A CN103138168B CN 103138168 B CN103138168 B CN 103138168B CN 201210487148 A CN201210487148 A CN 201210487148A CN 103138168 B CN103138168 B CN 103138168B
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克里斯蒂安·拉鲍伊罗尔
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    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
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    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
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    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种飞行器上的配电板10，配电板10包括用于安装功能性断路器20的位置11，所述位置11中的至少一个没有被功能性断路器20所占用。所述功能性断路器20通过监测电缆40、50线连到监测系统，以便监测所述断路器的状态。所述至少一个没有被功能性断路器20占用的位置11被称为伪断路器30的非功能性断路器所占用。所述伪断路器能够发出状态信号，并按照与功能性断路器20相同的方式通过所述监测电缆40、50线连到所述监测系统。

Description

飞行器断路器板的电缆布线
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器上的电气配电板，该电气配电板包括断路器，通过用于监测所述断路器的状态的电缆布线来监测所述断路器。更具体地，本发明涉及一个包括标准化的监测电缆布线的配电板，其允许在添加或移除断路器之后，而无需修改所述监测电缆布线。
背景技术
在现代的飞行器上，当安装电气装置（例如计算机或任何通常的电气产品）时，都会使用断路器来保护其电气电路免于过载或短路。
如图1所示，断路器在数量上可能超过几百个，其以矩阵的方式，按照行和列被布置在配电板10上，所述的配电板大部分被安装在驾驶舱或货仓中。
当飞行器在使用时，或者假如在其生产的后期阶段其定义被修改，以及要安装额外的电气装置，则有必要添加断路器。
因此，配电板被这样设计，即当飞行器投入使用后，有能力容纳额外的断路器。因此，当添加电气装置时，所述配电板包括空闲的位置来容纳这些断路器。
此外，考虑到断路器数量之大以及飞行器在飞行过程中无法接近某些配电板，例如位于飞行器的货仓中的配电板，因此需要一个监测系统，用来不间断的监测每个断路器的状态。在断路器的状态变化时，监测系统将断路器的情况，特别是状态的变化，通知给其他系统和飞行员，以使得状态变化的结果得到重视。
为了实现对断路器的状态监测，通常采用按照行和列的方式对断路器进行的电缆布线，以便可以根据行和列读取信息项，所述电缆布线提供了位于所述行和所述列的交点的断路器的状态。
当要进行例如添加或移除电气装置的修改时，一个普遍的解决方案是添加或移除配电板上的一个或多个相关联的断路器。每次修改也伴随着用于监测断路器的状态的电缆的修改。因此，当断路器被添加或移除时，相关的监测电缆也同样被添加、移除或替换。取决于断路器存在与否，各种各样的修改导致了飞机中的各种不同的电缆布线，其被不断的修改并且由于安装或拆卸所需的时间造成了相对高的成本。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种在矩阵电缆布线处被标准化的、用于监测断路器的配电板，其在添加或移除断路器时不需要对监测电缆布线做任何修改。
根据本发明，一种飞行器上的配电板包括：用于安装功能功能性断路器的位置，所述位置中的至少一个位置没有被功能性断路器所占用，其中特定功能性断路器通过监测电缆布线线连到监测系统，以便监测所述断路器的状态，所述至少一个没有被功能性断路器占用的位置被称为伪断路器的非功能性断路器所占用，所述伪断路器能够发出状态信号并按照与功能性断路器相同的方式通过监测电缆布线线连到监测系统。
为了保证在不破坏监测电缆的情况下的功能性断路器和伪断路器之间的互换性，伪断路器包括用于接纳所述检测电缆布线的端子，并在几何上与功能性断路器的端子采用基本相同的方式被布置。
在一个实施例中，伪断路器所发出的状态信号与功能性断路器所发出的状态信号之一对应。伪断路器所发出的状态信号可以是使能或禁止。
在另一实施例中，伪断路器所发出的状态信号对应于与功能性断路器所发出的信号不同的信号。
有利地，断路器包括选择器，所述选择器用于确定所述伪断路器所发出的状态信号。该选择器可以例如是具有使能或禁止的两个状态的通/断开关。
优选地，所述监测电缆在功能性断路器处通过可以将功能性断路器与它所关联的装置关联起来的标识号来定义，而在不与装置相关联的伪断路器（30）处由临时的标识号来标识。在一个示例性实施例中，所述临时的标识号由伪断路器的行向位置和列向位置来定义。
附图说明
将参照附图给出断路器板的详细的说明：
图1，配电板的正面的示意图，
图2，根据本发明的配电板的一部分后面的电缆布线的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，根据本发明的飞行器中的电气配电板10包括位置11，位于使用行、列方式的矩阵中，其能够容纳断路器。所述位置11中的一些位置包含功能性断路器20，用于保护与功能性断路器20相关联的电气装置（未示出）。
此外，当至少一个位置11没有被功能性断路器20占用时，所述配电板在所述至少一个位置11处包含被称为伪断路器30的非功能性元件。
配电板10有利地与被设计用于容纳断路器的所有的位置11耦合。
该装置的供电电缆布线21线连到相应的功能性断路器20。如图2所示，在电路只包含一个供电电缆布线的情况下，所述供电电缆布线21在例如端子1和2处链接到每个功能性断路器20。包含几个电源电缆的电路，例如三相电路（未示出），也可以与断路器20相关联。
功能性断路器20和伪断路器30通过被称为监测电缆的电缆40、50线连到用于监测断路器状态的系统（未示出）。
该监测电缆布线不对监测电缆40，50的选择产生强制影响，因为所有的监测电缆均相同，而与所安装的断路器的额定值无关。原则上，断路器的监测电缆旨在收集所述断路器的状态信号，关于其特性，特别是横截面，不依赖于安装的断路器的类型，特别是额定值。因此，可以在不知道目前或未来的断路器特性的情况下安装监测电缆40、50。
按照断路器的布置方式，在行和列的方向上组织监测电缆40、50。
所述监测电缆布线以这样一种方式实现，即所述电缆布线同时链接功能性断路器20的端子3a、5a和伪断路器30的端子3b、5b。
更精确地说，监测电缆40将位于同一列的所有功能性断路器20的端子3a和伪断路器30的端子3b电链接到一起。有利的是，所述端子被串联链接。
以类似的方式，电缆布线50将所有位于同一行的功能性断路器20的端子5a和伪断路器30的端子5b电链接到一起。有利的是，所述端子被串联链接。
每根电缆40，50通常通过例如多路复用器或集线器在这些端部之一处链接到监测系统。所述监测系统因此能够依次分析位于每个行-列交点处的功能性断路器20或者伪断路器30的端子的状态信号，并且从此推论出在所述交点处的所述功能性断路器20或者伪断路器30的状态。
装置中用于伪断路器上供电电缆布线21的安装是可实现的，但是是不利的，因为即使所述供电电缆布线不被使用，其也具有重量和占用空间。此外，如果被供电的装置未知时，那么供电电缆布线21的所需横截面的选择也是任意的。
在一个实施例中，功能性断路器20的端子3a、5a对应于开关装置的端子，例如一个通/断开关，其处于使能状态；例如一个断开的通/断开关，其用于断路器的第一状态并处于禁止状态；例如一个接通的通/断开关，其用于断路器的第二状态。因此，当断路器的状态发生改变时，该开关装置也改变使能或禁止状态。
伪断路器30不与电气装置相关联，所述伪断路器在与监测系统线连的端子3b、5b处提供一个与任意选择对应的定常态信号。在一个特定的实施例中，伪断路器30在端子3b和5b处包括一个选择器，使得可以选择由伪断路器返回的状态信号，例如使能或禁止，以适应设计者的任意选择。
在另一实施例中，伪断路器30的预定状态对应于第三状态。该第三状态不对应于功能电路断路器20的使能或禁止的任何状态，该第三状态允许监测系统中的电气装置识别到该伪断路器30的存在。
有利的是，在不冒着电气监测电缆40，50被破坏的风险下，保证功能性断路器20和伪断路器30之间的可互换性，伪断路器30的后表面的几何形状和端子3b、5b的布局与功能性断路器20的后表面基本相同。
优选地，在端子3a、5a处与断路器20链接的每个监测电缆40、50包括连接点21a、22a，所述连接点由标识号定义，以使得能够将功能性断路器20关联到其链接的装置。因此，通过标识号来识别每个监测电缆40、50的连接点21a、22a。伪断路器30未被关联到装置，临时的标识号被分配给在端子3b、5b处链接到伪断路器30的监测电缆40、50的每个连接点31b，32b。
在一个示例性实施例中，配电板10包括用来定义每个断路器位置的行向坐标和列向坐标，有利地通过所述配电板10中的行-列矩阵中的伪断路器的位置坐标来定义链接到伪断路器30的端子3b、5b的监测电缆的连接点31b、32b的标识号。通过举例的方式，在图1的配电板10，行数从20到36，列数从41至69。如果一个伪断路器30位于第28行和第65列中的位置中，那么分配给伪断路器30的标识号是2865。
因此，可以在不知道未来将要被安装的功能性断路器20的位置的情况下限定监测电缆布线。
此外，在每个连接点31b、32b处，每个监测电缆40、50包括一个在将功能性断路器20安装到伪断路器30的位置的过程中被再分配的标识号，而不必须去定义或安装一个新的监测电缆40、50。
因此，用于对配电板10上所有位置的断路器的状态进行监测的电缆布线使得在一个指定的飞行器型号中获得同样的配电板成为可能，以及能够在不修改所述配电板的监测电缆布线的情况下实现断路器20的添加或移除。
当因为要安装一个新的装置致使要添加一个功能性断路器20时，在修改的设计期间，第一步为重命名监测电缆40、50的连接点的标识号，作为该装置连接到功能断路器20的功能。
在第二步骤中，监测电缆40、50与伪断路器30的端子3b、5b脱离，所述伪断路器位于所要安装的功能性断路器20要占用的位置中。伪断路器30随后被具有适当额定值的功能性断路器20所替换。之前被置于伪断路器30的端子3b、5b处的备用的电气监测电缆的连接点，被分别重新耦合在终端3a、5a处。在第三步骤中，为了实施新的断路器状态的可操作的监测，作为配电板的新定义的功能，用于检查断路器状态的监测系统的所有元件都被更新。

Claims (17)

1.一种飞行器上的配电板(10)，所述配电板(10)包括用于安装功能性电气断路器(20)的位置(11)，所述位置中的至少一个位置没有被所述功能性电气断路器(20)中的任何一个所占用，其中所述功能性电气断路器(20)通过相应的监测电缆布线(40，50)线连到监测系统，以便监测所述功能性电气断路器(20)的状态，其特征在于，没有被所述功能性电气断路器(20)中的任何一个所占用的所述至少一个位置(11)被称为伪断路器(30)的非功能性断路器所占用，所述伪断路器能够发出状态信号并按照与所述功能性电气断路器(20)相同的方式通过所述监测电缆布线(40，50)线连到监测系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)包括用于接纳监测电缆布线(40，50)的端子(3b，5b)，并且所述端子(3b，5b)在几何上与所述功能性电气断路器(20)中的任何一个的端子(3a，5a)采用相同的方式被布置。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号与所述功能性电气断路器(20)中的任何一个所发出的状态信号之一对应。
4.如权利要求3所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号是使能或禁止。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号对应于与所述功能性电气断路器(20)中的任何一个所发出的信号不同的信号。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)包括用于确定所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号的选择器。
7.如权利要求3所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)包括用于确定所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号的选择器。
8.如权利要求5所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述伪断路器(30)包括用于确定所述伪断路器(30)所发出的状态信号的选择器。
9.如权利要求6所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述选择器为通/断开关，所述通/断开关具有两个状态，使能或禁止。
10.如权利要求7所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述选择器为通/断开关，所述通/断开关具有两个状态，使能或禁止。
11.如权利要求8所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述选择器为通/断开关，所述通/断开关具有两个状态，使能或禁止。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述监测电缆(40，50)在伪断路器(30)处由临时的标识号来标识。
13.如权利要求7所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述监测电缆(40，50)在伪断路器(30)处由临时的标识号来标识。
14.如权利要求8所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述监测电缆(40，50)在伪断路器(30)处由临时的标识号来标识。
15.如权利要求12所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述标识号由伪断路器(30)的行向位置和列向位置来定义。
16.如权利要求13所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述标识号由伪断路器(30)的行向位置和列向位置来定义。
17.如权利要求14所述的配电板(10)，其中，所述标识号由伪断路器(30)的行向位置和列向位置来定义。
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