CN103137993A - Device for lowering peak concentration of exhaust hydrogen of fuel battery system - Google Patents
Device for lowering peak concentration of exhaust hydrogen of fuel battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103137993A CN103137993A CN2013100790392A CN201310079039A CN103137993A CN 103137993 A CN103137993 A CN 103137993A CN 2013100790392 A CN2013100790392 A CN 2013100790392A CN 201310079039 A CN201310079039 A CN 201310079039A CN 103137993 A CN103137993 A CN 103137993A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for lowering peak concentration of exhaust hydrogen of a fuel battery system, which comprises a mixing cavity, a hydrogen slow release cavity and a fuel battery system, wherein the fuel battery system is provided with an anode exhaust outlet and an cathode exhaust outlet; the mixing cavity is communicated with the hydrogen slow release cavity; hydrogen of the fuel battery system is discharged into the hydrogen slow release cavity through the anode exhaust outlet by a hydrogen guide tube; air of the fuel battery system is divided into two ways through the cathode exhaust outlet, one way is discharged into the hydrogen slow release cavity by the air guide tube, and the other way is used as air for purging slow release gas after the hydrogen is subjected to slow release; and the ratio of the volume of the hydrogen slow release cavity to the volume of the hydrogen discharged by the anode exhaust hydrogen outlet in each pulse period is greater than or equal to 0.5. On the premise of not changing the fuel battery system, the anode exhaust hydrogen, which is discharged by pulses or discharged by combination of continuous discharge and pulse discharge, is buffered, diluted and subjected to purging mixing with cathode gas, thereby lowering the hydrogen to explosion limit below.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile-used and non-motor-vehicle fuel battery system tail row hydrogen technology, more particularly, relate to the automobile-used and non-motor-vehicle fuel battery system tail of a kind of reductions and arrange the hydrogen peak concentration hydrogen explosion limit, to reach the device of safety dumping requirement.
Background technology
Fuel cell is getting more and more people's extensive concerning in recent years as a kind of cleaning, efficient energy conversion technique.Wherein most widely used Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is called for short PEMFC, use hydrogen as anode fuel, hydrogen utilization ratio generally must be controlled in 95% scope, and remainder falls as exhaust emissions with the forms such as gaseous mixture of pure hydrogen or hydrogen and steam etc.And hydrogen is flammable explosive gas, and aerial explosion limit is 4%-74.2%, and the empty gaseous mixture of the hydrogen in this scope meets naked light or electric spark all may explode, and threatens to produce and life security.Therefore, for safety, the hydrogen tail discharge of fuel cell system need to be processed through certain, its concentration is reduced to below explosion limit can enters atmosphere.
In using the fuel cell system of hydrogen, pass into the hydrogen that anode acts as a fuel and inevitably contain certain impurity, along with the operation of battery, impurity constantly accumulates in anode-side, can the performance of battery be had a negative impact.In order to address this is that under the prerequisite that guarantees hydrogen utilization ratio, generally the anode tail end at fuel cell system installs electromagnetically operated valve additional, electromagnetically operated valve seals usually, reaction pressure with the holding anode side, according to different battery operation state and operating modes, electromagnetically operated valve is opened once every certain hour, closes pulse discharging anodic gas after the unlatching certain hour; Or in the fuel cell operation process, adopt the pulse discharging to discharge hydrogen with the mode that the continuous blow-down mode combines, namely one or more hydrogen discharge mouth continuous blow-down hydrogen, have one or more hydrogen discharge mouth pulse discharging hydrogen in addition.
The anode hydrogen gas discharge capacity integral body of above-mentioned fuel cell presents a kind of state of pulse change.To contain hydrogen concentration high due to the gas of discharging, and could discharge after must treatedly eliminating danger for this reason.The method of generally taking for the anode hydrogen rich off gas with discharge again after the air tail gas of cathode exhaust mixes.But the anode exhaust gas of discharge capacity pulse change is larger at pulse discharging moment hydrogen flowing quantity, the air mass flow of dispensing is not enough to diluted in hydrogen below explosion limit in order to keep the fuel cell optimum Working, the method of simply taking the cathode air amount is increased to can affect the performance of fuel cell again, reduces the efficient of fuel cell system.Therefore, need take certain method to reduce the peak concentration of tail row hydrogen to reach safety standard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the contradiction between the above-mentioned hydrogen security risk of fuel cell generation and performance, under the prerequisite of not changing system's base regime, provide a kind of device that reduces simply, effectively, cheaply fuel cell system tail row hydrogen peak concentration, to reach the safety dumping standard.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of device that reduces fuel cell system tail row hydrogen peak concentration, comprise hybrid chamber, hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber and fuel cell system, described fuel cell system is provided with anode tail outlet and negative electrode tail outlet, and described hybrid chamber is connected with described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber; The hydrogen of described fuel cell system by anode tail outlet and by the hydrogen flow guide tube drainage to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber; The air of described fuel cell system is told two-way by negative electrode tail outlet, and a route airflow duct is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and another road is for being used for draining the purging air of the slow release gas of hydrogen after by slowly-releasing;
The ratio of the hydrogen volume of wherein, discharging in the volume in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber and each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet is more than or equal to 0.5.
Described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is located in hybrid chamber, the inner sealing in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outer end opening in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outlet of described hydrogen flow guide pipe and the outlet of airflow duct are located at respectively the inner in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the connected entrance in described hybrid chamber and described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is located at hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber near on the sidewall of outer end opening, and described purging air is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber from the outer end opening in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber.
The outside of the air intake end of hybrid chamber is located in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and the outlet of described hydrogen flow guide pipe and the outlet of airflow duct communicate with the outer end in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber respectively, and the inner in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber communicates with hybrid chamber; Described purging air is disposed to hybrid chamber from the air intake end of hybrid chamber.
compared with prior art, adopt a kind of device that reduces fuel cell system tail row hydrogen peak concentration of the present invention, by fuel cell system anode tail row hydrogen being entered be introduced into before hybrid chamber hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, be that anodic pulse discharging or continuous blow-down and the pulse discharging combined together hydrogen of discharging first enters hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber by the hydrogen flow guide pipe before entering hybrid chamber, part of fuel cell cathode tail air-discharging continuously flows into hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber through airflow duct, with discharge after the hydrogen blending, mix mutually in hybrid chamber with all the other negative electrode tail air-dischargings again, make the discontinuous hydrogen of discharge capacity by slowly-releasing and serial dilution, thereby reduce the peak concentration of hydrogen in the tail exhaust, reach the purpose of safety dumping.Apparatus of the present invention do not contain moving component, simple in structure, with low cost, reliability is high, effectively the hydrogen of combined together discharging is discharged in slowly-releasing and dilution anodic pulse discharging or continuous blow-down and pulse, reduce the empty hydrogen peak concentration that mixes in the tail exhaust of hydrogen, avoid effectively that hydrogen is empty mixes that in the tail exhaust, hydrogen concentration exceeds standard, improve the fail safe of fuel cell system.
In a word, the present invention can be under the prerequisite of the base regime that does not change fuel cell generation, the buffering, the dilution that engage the anode tail row hydrogen of discharging by paired pulses discharging or continuous blow-down with the pulse discharging purge mixing by cathode gas, it is reduced to below explosion limit, thereby realizes safety dumping.Apparatus structure of the present invention is simple and reliable, and is with low cost, safe and effective.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of principle schematic that reduces the device of fuel cell system tail row hydrogen peak concentration of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 be the ratio of the hydrogen volume of discharging in volume and each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet in the hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber in Fig. 2 when being 1:1 hydrogen enter through hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber the effect contrast figure that hybrid chamber and hydrogen directly enter the tail row density of hydrogen of hybrid chamber;
Fig. 4 when to be the hydrogen volume of discharging in each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet in Fig. 2 be 1:0.5 with the ratio of the volume in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber hydrogen enter through hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber the effect contrast figure that hybrid chamber and hydrogen directly enter the tail row density of hydrogen of hybrid chamber;
Fig. 5 when to be the hydrogen volume of discharging in each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet in Fig. 2 be 1:2 with the ratio of the volume in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber hydrogen enter through hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber the effect contrast figure that hybrid chamber and hydrogen directly enter the tail row density of hydrogen of hybrid chamber;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 7 be the ratio of the hydrogen volume of discharging in volume and each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet in the hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber in Fig. 6 when being 1:1 hydrogen enter through hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber the effect contrast figure that hybrid chamber and hydrogen directly enter the tail row density of hydrogen of hybrid chamber;
Embodiment
Further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
A kind of device that reduces fuel cell system tail row hydrogen peak concentration shown in Figure 1, comprise hybrid chamber 12, hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 and fuel cell system (not shown), fuel cell system is provided with anode tail outlet and negative electrode tail outlet, and hybrid chamber 12 is connected with hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11; The hydrogen of fuel cell system by anode tail outlet and by the hydrogen flow guide tube drainage to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11; The air of fuel cell system is told two-way by negative electrode tail outlet, and wherein, a route airflow duct is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and another road is for being used for draining the purging air of the slow release gas of hydrogen after by slowly-releasing;
The ratio of the hydrogen volume that the volume in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber and anode tail row hydrogen outlet was discharged in each pulse period is more than or equal to 0.5, and guarantee is through the tail gas hydrogen maximum concentration of the hybrid chamber discharge explosion limit 4% lower than hydrogen like this.
Shown in Figure 2 again, wherein, hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 is located in hybrid chamber 12, the 11 inner sealings in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outer end opening in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outlet of the outlet of hydrogen flow guide pipe 13 and airflow duct 14 is located at respectively the inner in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and hybrid chamber 12 and the connected entrance in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 are located at hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 near on the sidewalls of outer end opening, and 11 outer end opening is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber to purging air 15 from hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber.
Operation principle is as follows:
Hydrogen slowly-releasing step: the air of fuel cell system is disposed in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber by negative electrode tail outlet and by the airflow duct continous-stable; The hydrogen of fuel cell system by anode tail outlet and by the hydrogen flow guide tube drainage to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, promote slow release gas after the hydrogen slowly-releasing that the air of being discharged by the airflow duct continous-stable is discharged the hydrogen flow guide pipe and flow to hybrid chamber;
The purge step of slow release gas; After the slow release gas of hydrogen after by slowly-releasing is disposed to hybrid chamber from hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, another road purging air of being drawn by the negative electrode tail outlet of fuel cell system carries out the purging of continous-stable to above-mentioned slow release gas, further dilute the density of hydrogen in slow release gas, and its outlet from hybrid chamber is discharged.
In the prior art, conventional fuel battery tail row mixing arrangement only has a hybrid chamber, and tail row's hydrogen and air are discharged after hybrid chamber directly mixes.The hydrogen tail discharge mode is pulsed, and air mass flow is invariable.In a discharging cycle T, the hydrogen pulsing drain time be the general t of t(＜＜T), discharging moment flow is very large, constant with the air mass flow that hydrogen mixes, be easy to cause pulse discharging moment hydrogen flowing quantity to exceed standard, can't be for the dilution hydrogen tail discharge at the air of non-hydrogen pulsing drain time discharging.In order to take full advantage of the air that discharges in the whole discharging cycle, tail row hydrogen is diluted, must extend by certain means the drain time of hydrogen.A hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is installed in the present invention additional in fuel cell tail row hybrid chamber inside.The hydrogen that the discharging of fuel cell system anodic pulse or continuous blow-down and pulse discharging combined together is discharged enters hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber by the hydrogen flow guide pipe and in this delay; Fuel battery negative pole tail air-discharging is divided into two-way, the less air-flow of flow continuously flows into hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber through airflow duct, mix and slowly promote mist with hydrogen in the slowly-releasing chamber and flow to hybrid chamber through outlet, purging air purges facing to open front face or the side in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, again mix in hybrid chamber with mist, further the dilution density of hydrogen, make the discontinuous hydrogen of discharge capacity by serial dilution.After whole discharging end cycle, the mist hydrogen concentration in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is very low, therefore, releases this part mist next time and also can not cause hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber outlet density of hydrogen to increase suddenly when hydrogen pulsing enters suddenly hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber.
Shown in Figure 3 again, wherein each pulse tap-off cycle hydrogen discharge amount and hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber volume ratio are 1:1.Hydrogen discharge is every discharging in 6 seconds 0.2 second, and each tail is arranged 1.3 liters of left and right, and the purging air flow is 420 Liter Per Minutes.The tail gas hydrogen maximum concentration that enters after tested atmosphere has been reduced to 3.1% left and right by 5%, lower than the explosion limit 4% of hydrogen, has reached the purpose of safety dumping.
Shown in Figure 4 again, wherein each pulse tap-off cycle hydrogen discharge amount and hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber volume ratio are 1:0.5.Hydrogen discharge is every discharging in 6 seconds 0.2 second, and each tail is arranged 1.3 liters of left and right, and the purging air flow is 420 Liter Per Minutes.Enter after tested the tail gas hydrogen maximum concentration of atmosphere lower than the explosion limit 4% of hydrogen, reached the purpose of safety dumping.
Shown in Figure 5 again, wherein each pulse tap-off cycle hydrogen discharge amount and hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber volume ratio are 1:2.Hydrogen discharge is every discharging in 6 seconds 0.2 second, and each tail is arranged 1.3 liters of left and right, and the purging air flow is 420 Liter Per Minutes.The tail gas hydrogen maximum concentration that enters after tested atmosphere has been reduced to 3.0% left and right by 5%, lower than the explosion limit 4% of hydrogen, has reached the purpose of safety dumping.
Shown in Figure 6 again, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 only is: the outside of the air intake end of hybrid chamber 12 is located in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11, the outlet of the outlet of hydrogen flow guide pipe 13 and airflow duct 14 communicates with the outer end in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 respectively, and the inner in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber 11 communicates with hybrid chamber 12; Purging air 15 is disposed to hybrid chamber 12 from the air intake end of hybrid chamber 12.
Promote slow release gas after the hydrogen slowly-releasing that the air of being discharged by the airflow duct continous-stable is discharged the hydrogen flow guide pipe and flow to hybrid chamber;
The purging air of continous-stable enters hybrid chamber from the air intake end of hybrid chamber.
Shown in Figure 7 again, wherein each pulse tap-off cycle hydrogen discharge amount and hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber volume ratio are 1:1.Hydrogen discharge is every discharging in 6 seconds 0.2 second, and each tail is arranged 1.3 liters of left and right, and the purging air flow is 420 Liter Per Minutes.Enter after tested the tail gas hydrogen maximum concentration of atmosphere in 3% left and right, lower than the explosion limit 4% of hydrogen, reached the purpose of safety dumping.
All the other contents are all with identical described in embodiment 1.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment illustrates purpose of the present invention, and be not as limitation of the invention, as long as in essential scope of the present invention, all will drop in the scope of claim of the present invention variation, the modification of the above embodiment.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is reduced the device that the fuel cell system tail is arranged the hydrogen peak concentration, it is characterized in that:
Comprise hybrid chamber, hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber and fuel cell system, described fuel cell system is provided with anode tail outlet and negative electrode tail outlet, and described hybrid chamber is connected with described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber; The hydrogen of described fuel cell system by anode tail outlet and by the hydrogen flow guide tube drainage to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber; The air of described fuel cell system is told two-way by negative electrode tail outlet, and a route airflow duct is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and another road is for being used for draining the purging air of the slow release gas of hydrogen after by slowly-releasing;
The ratio of the hydrogen volume of wherein, discharging in the volume in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber and each pulse tap-off cycle of anode tail row hydrogen outlet is more than or equal to 0.5.
2. reduction fuel cell system tail according to claim 1 is arranged the device of hydrogen peak concentration, it is characterized in that:
Described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is located in hybrid chamber, the inner sealing in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outer end opening in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the outlet of described hydrogen flow guide pipe and the outlet of airflow duct are located at respectively the inner in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, the connected entrance in described hybrid chamber and described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber is located at hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber near on the sidewall of outer end opening, and described purging air is disposed to hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber from the outer end opening in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber.
3. reduction fuel cell system tail according to claim 1 is arranged the device of hydrogen peak concentration, it is characterized in that:
The outside of the air intake end of hybrid chamber is located in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber, and the outlet of described hydrogen flow guide pipe and the outlet of airflow duct communicate with the outer end in hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber respectively, and the inner in described hydrogen slowly-releasing chamber communicates with hybrid chamber; Described purging air is disposed to hybrid chamber from the air intake end of hybrid chamber.
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| CN2013100790392A CN103137993A (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2013-03-12 | Device for lowering peak concentration of exhaust hydrogen of fuel battery system |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107910570A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-13 | 上海新源动力有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen air body dual disposal structure of fuel cell system |
| CN110917780A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-27 | 上海意内西机械制造有限公司 | Oil smoke waste gas treatment device of pit furnace |
| CN112635800A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-09 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for estimating hydrogen concentration of fuel cell |
| CN112768735A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-07 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Estimation method of tail exhaust hydrogen concentration of fuel cell system |
| CN113351012A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-07 | 襄阳达安汽车检测中心有限公司 | Tail gas treatment system for hydrogen fuel cell stack test system |
| CN115425265A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-02 | 北京佳安氢源科技股份有限公司 | Gas premixing device for fuel cell |
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| CN101409353A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2009-04-15 | 同济大学 | Exhaust processing method and apparatus for safety dumping of fuel cell automobile hydrogen gas |
| JP2009206067A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-10 | Sango Co Ltd | Exhaust system for fuel cell, and fuel cell system |
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| JP2009004109A (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2009-01-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust gas treatment device |
| JP2009206067A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-10 | Sango Co Ltd | Exhaust system for fuel cell, and fuel cell system |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107910570A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-13 | 上海新源动力有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen air body dual disposal structure of fuel cell system |
| CN112635800A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-09 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for estimating hydrogen concentration of fuel cell |
| CN112635800B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2024-04-12 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for estimating hydrogen concentration of fuel cell |
| CN112768735A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-07 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Estimation method of tail exhaust hydrogen concentration of fuel cell system |
| CN112768735B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2022-01-28 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Estimation method of tail exhaust hydrogen concentration of fuel cell system |
| CN110917780A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-27 | 上海意内西机械制造有限公司 | Oil smoke waste gas treatment device of pit furnace |
| CN113351012A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-07 | 襄阳达安汽车检测中心有限公司 | Tail gas treatment system for hydrogen fuel cell stack test system |
| CN115425265A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-02 | 北京佳安氢源科技股份有限公司 | Gas premixing device for fuel cell |
| CN115425265B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-02-28 | 北京佳安氢源科技股份有限公司 | Gas premixing device for fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20130605 |