CN103120606A - 一种膝关节假体 - Google Patents

一种膝关节假体 Download PDF

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CN103120606A
CN103120606A CN2011103698793A CN201110369879A CN103120606A CN 103120606 A CN103120606 A CN 103120606A CN 2011103698793 A CN2011103698793 A CN 2011103698793A CN 201110369879 A CN201110369879 A CN 201110369879A CN 103120606 A CN103120606 A CN 103120606A
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tibial component
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CN103120606B (zh
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曲铁兵
郑诚功
丁玉宝
宋大勇
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Beijing Naton Medical Technology Holdings Co Ltd
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Beijing Naton Technology Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种膝关节假体，所述的膝关节假体具有衬垫部件和胫骨部件平台，衬垫部件能够与胫骨部件平台相锁合，所述的衬垫部件底部具有侧导向结构、前固定壁和后固定结构。所述的胫骨部件平台上具有与衬垫部件相适应的侧导向结构以及前挡壁和后侧导向结构。本发明的膝关节假体不仅使衬垫部件能够更加稳定地锁合在胫骨部件平台上，而且衬垫部件能以更小的角度植入胫骨部件平台，减小了衬垫部件植入时所需的植入开口，操作更加方便。

Description

一种膝关节假体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人工膝关节假体，尤其是涉及一种人工膝关节假体固定平台的锁定结构。
背景技术
目前的固定平台全膝关节置换假体，衬垫部件与胫骨部件平台的锁合是通过沿着胫骨部件平台的边缘轮廓形成固定槽，在衬垫部件的前后通过设置弹性卡扣与固定槽达到锁合的目的，此种锁合方式容易造成衬垫部件和胫骨部件平台间的移位。并且，由于固定槽的设置，衬垫部件在植入该胫骨部件平台时，通常是以垂直方向植入到胫骨部件平台上，为手术目的，此时需要一个较大的植入角度，由此造成植入开口大的缺陷。
因此，急需提出一种衬垫部件能够稳定锁合在胫骨部件平台上，且能以较小角度植入胫骨部件平台的膝关节假体。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种膝关节假体，其衬垫部件能够稳定锁合在胫骨部件平台上。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种膝关节假体，其衬垫部件还能以较小角度植入胫骨部件平台。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种膝关节假体，具有衬垫部件和胫骨部件平台，所述衬垫部件的底部具有侧导向结构、前固定壁和后固定结构。所述胫骨部件平台的上部具有与衬垫部件相适应的侧导向结构、前挡壁和后固定结构。胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构与衬垫部件的侧导向结构相配合，能够引导衬垫部件从前往后安装到胫骨部件平台上。并且，在衬垫部件安装到胫骨部件平台上之后，衬垫部件的前固定壁和后固定结构分别与胫骨部件平台的前挡壁和后固定结构相接合，从而使衬垫部件固定在胫骨部件平台上。
根据上述构思，衬垫部件的侧导向结构为凸出的侧导向边，胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构为侧导向固定槽；或者，衬垫部件的侧导向结构为侧导向固定槽，胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构为凸出的侧导向边。
根据上述构思，衬垫部件的后固定结构为后固定壁，胫骨部件平台的后固定结构为后挡壁；或者，衬垫部件的后固定结构为凸出的后固定边，胫骨部件平台的后固定结构为后固定槽。
根据上述构思，衬垫部件的侧导向结构和胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构均为自后向前向上倾斜。
根据上述构思，该倾斜的角度为0-10度，优选为0.5-5度。
根据上述构思，所述胫骨部件平台的前挡壁为一整体挡壁，或者由多个分段不连续挡壁形成，或者为弹簧可升降挡壁。
根据上述构思，所述衬垫部件的后固定结构和所述胫骨部件平台的后固定结构均为一整体，或者由多个分段不连续结构形成。
根据上述构思，衬垫部件的侧导向结构位于衬垫部件的底部两侧或中部，胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构位于与衬垫部件的侧导向结构相对应的位置。
根据上述构思，衬垫部件的前部具有安装孔。
相比于现有技术，本发明的膝关节假体的有益技术效果包括：
1.通过衬垫部件底部的侧导向结构、前固定壁和后固定结构与胫骨部件平台上部的侧导向结构、前挡壁和后固定结构的相互配合，不仅限制了衬垫部件的前后左右移位，防止衬垫部件在胫骨部件平台上的旋转，能够实现四周接触锁定，而且衬垫部件和胫骨部件平台之间的整体接触面积达到最大，从而使衬垫部件能够更加稳定地锁合在胫骨部件平台上。
2.通过衬垫部件和胫骨部件平台的侧导向结构，使衬垫部件能以更小的角度植入胫骨部件平台，减小了衬垫部件植入时所需的植入开口，操作更加方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明的衬垫部件与胫骨部件平台的配合分解示意图；
图2为本发明的胫骨部件平台的立体图；
图3为本发明的胫骨部件平台的俯视图；
图4为本发明的胫骨部件平台内侧面的局部放大图；
图5为本发明的衬垫部件的侧面示意图；
图6为本发明的衬垫部件的正视图；
图7为本发明的衬垫部件的仰视图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1衬垫部件            2胫骨部件平台
3侧导向边            4后固定边
5前固定壁            6侧导向固定槽
7后固定槽            8前挡壁
9定位部件            10胫骨植入柱
11安装孔
具体实施方式
以下结合附图，对本发明的膝关节假体作详细说明。本发明中所称的“前”、“后”方向与所述膝关节假体植入人体以后人体的前后方向相一致。
如图1所示，本发明的膝关节假体包括衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2。其中的衬垫部件1固定到胫骨部件平台2上，并且衬垫部件1能够锁定在胫骨部件平台2上，限制衬垫部件1与胫骨部件平台2之间的相对运动。
如图2至图4所示，本发明的胫骨部件平台2上部具有侧导向结构、前挡壁8和后固定结构，胫骨部件平台2的下部还具有胫骨植入柱10及定位部件9。本实施例中，胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构优选为侧导向固定槽6(如图2所示)，该侧导向固定槽6分布在胫骨部件平台2的两侧。该侧导向结构也可以是凸出的侧导向边。
本实施例中，胫骨部件平台2的侧导向固定槽6进一步优选具有斜直导向结构，也即，侧导向固定槽6相对于胫骨部件平台2自后向前向上倾斜微小角度α，该微小角度α为0-10度，优选为0.5-5度。这种斜直导向结构的设计，能够更好地引导衬垫部件植入到胫骨部件平台中，并且有利于在上下方向上起到一定的稳固效果。胫骨部件平台2的侧导向固定槽6也可以设置成水平的。
本实施例中，胫骨部件平台2的前挡壁8为一整体挡壁。前挡壁8也可以是由多个分段不连续挡壁形成，或者为弹簧可升降形式挡壁。
本实施例中，胫骨部件平台2的后固定结构优选为后固定槽7，可以是开口水平向前的U型槽或本领域技术人员所熟知的其他类似形状的槽结构。该后固定结构还可以是类似前挡壁8形式的后挡壁。此外，该后固定结构可以是整体设计或者分段不连续设计。
如图5至图7所示，为与胫骨部件平台2相配合，衬垫部件1底部具有侧导向结构、前固定壁5和后固定结构。
本实施例中，衬垫部件1的侧导向结构优选为凸出的侧导向边3(参见图6)，以与胫骨部件平台2的侧导向固定槽6相配合。另外，当胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构是凸出的侧导向边时，该侧导向结构也可以是侧导向固定槽。由此，通过胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构与衬垫部件1的侧导向结构相配合，从而能够引导衬垫部件1从前往后安装到胫骨部件平台2上。并且，在衬垫部件1安装到胫骨部件平台2上之后，衬垫部件1的侧导向结构和胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构相配合，还能够起到防止衬垫部件1左右移动，以及防止衬垫部件1旋转的功能。
本实施例中，衬垫部件1的侧导向边3进一步也优选具有斜直导向结构，也即，侧导向边3相对于衬垫部件1底部自后向前向上倾斜，该倾斜角度与胫骨部件平台2的侧导向槽6的倾斜角度一致。当衬垫部件1安装到胫骨部件平台2时，通过侧导向固定槽6的斜直导向结构与衬垫部件1的侧导向边3的斜直导向结构的彼此结合和引导，就允许以微小倾斜植入方式将衬垫部件1安装到胫骨部件平台2，从而大大减小了衬垫部件1植入时所需的植入开口，同时微小倾斜的结构设计可以在衬垫部件1植入胫骨部件平台2时，由于微小倾斜的侧导向结构形成一个连续的倾斜表面，起到良好的引导效果。当然，衬垫部件1的侧导向边3也可以设置成水平的。
在本实施例中，衬垫部件1的后固定结构优选为凸出的后固定边4(参见图5和图7)，以与胫骨部件平台2的后固定槽7相接合，这种后固定边4与后固定槽7的配合方式能够大大增强衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2之间的稳固程度(包括上下方向上的稳固性)。另外，当胫骨部件平台2的后固定结构是后挡壁时，衬垫部件1的后固定结构也可以是后固定壁。由此，通过衬垫部件1的前固定壁5和后固定结构分别与胫骨部件平台2的前挡壁8和后固定结构相接合，使衬垫部件1固定在胫骨部件平台2上。此外，衬垫部件1的后固定结构可以为整体设计或者分段不连续设计。
另外，如图6所示，本发明的衬垫部件1的前部具有安装孔11，安装孔11的数量可以视操作复杂程度而定，优选为两个安装孔。在手术过程中，该安装孔11可以作为器械介入的结构，通过将器械插入安装孔11，便于施力将衬垫部件1推入安装于胫骨部件平台2中，并且也利于后期翻修。
以下结合图2至图7所示的具体实施例来说明本发明膝关节假体的衬垫部件1与胫骨部件平台2的安装过程。
在胫骨部件平台2借助胫骨植入柱10及定位部件9固定于胫骨近端后，将器械插入衬垫部件1的安装孔11，使衬垫部件1的侧导向边3对准胫骨部件平台2的侧导向固定槽6，这样就可以借助侧导向边3和侧导向固定槽6的引导，控制衬垫部件1从前往后逐渐推入胫骨部件平台2。由于胫骨部件平台2通常为金属材料，衬垫部件1通常为超高分子量聚乙烯材料，所以最终可以使得衬垫部件1的后固定边4和前固定壁5完全落入并卡合在胫骨部件平台2的后固定槽7和前挡壁8内。当衬垫部件1完全安装到胫骨部件平台2就位后，即可将器械从衬垫部件1的安装孔11中取出，此时，衬垫部件1的侧导向边3与胫骨部件平台2的侧导向固定槽6相接合，衬垫部件1的前固定壁5和后固定边4分别和胫骨部件平台2的前挡壁8和后固定槽7相接合，衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2的整体接触面积达到最大，从而使衬垫部件1能够稳定地固定在胫骨部件平台2上，并且当膝关节进行屈伸运动时，衬垫部件1相对于胫骨部件平台2也能保持不动。
本发明上述实施例中所示的衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构均是位于两侧，但本发明并不局限于此。衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构的位置可以设置于中部。当该侧导向结构位于胫骨部件平台2和衬垫部件1的中部时，其他结构以及衬垫部件1和胫骨平台部件2的结合方式均与本发明实施例的相应部分相同。
相比于现有技术，本发明的膝关节假体的有益技术效果包括：
1.通过衬垫部件1底部的侧导向结构、前固定壁5和后固定结构与胫骨部件平台2上部的侧导向结构、前挡壁8和后固定结构的相互配合，不仅限制了衬垫部件1的前后左右移位，防止衬垫部件1在胫骨部件平台2上的旋转，能够实现四周接触锁定，而且衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2之间的整体接触面积达到最大，从而使衬垫部件1能够更加稳定地锁合在胫骨部件平台2上。
2.通过衬垫部件1和胫骨部件平台2的侧导向结构，使衬垫部件1能以更小的角度植入胫骨部件平台，减小了衬垫部件1植入时所需的植入开口，操作更加方便。
本发明旨在对于胫骨部件平台及衬垫部件之间的配合进行改进，膝关节假体的其他组成部件与现有技术内容相同，本文不再赘述，特此说明。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳具体实施例的详细说明与图式，本发明的特征并不局限于此，本发明的所有范围应以下述的范围为准，凡符合于本发明权利要求保护范围的精神与其类似变化的实施例，皆应包含于本发明的范畴中，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明的领域内，可轻易思及的变化或调整皆可涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种膝关节假体，具有衬垫部件(1)和胫骨部件平台(2)，其特征在于：
所述衬垫部件(1)底部具有侧导向结构、前固定壁(5)和后固定结构；
所述胫骨部件平台(2)上部具有与所述衬垫部件(1)相适应的侧导向结构、前挡壁(8)和后固定结构；
所述胫骨部件平台(2)的侧导向结构与所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构相配合，能够引导所述衬垫部件(1)从前往后安装到所述胫骨部件平台(2)上；并且，在所述衬垫部件(1)安装到所述胫骨部件平台(2)上之后，所述衬垫部件(1)的前固定壁(5)和后固定结构分别与所述胫骨部件平台(2)的前挡壁(8)和后固定结构相接合，从而使所述衬垫部件(1)固定在所述胫骨部件平台(2)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构为凸出的侧导向边(3)，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的侧导向结构为侧导向固定槽(6)；
或者，所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构为侧导向固定槽，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的侧导向结构为凸出的侧导向边。
3.如权利要求1所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的后固定结构为后固定壁，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的后固定结构为后挡壁；
或者，所述衬垫部件(1)的后固定结构为凸出的后固定边(4)，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的后固定结构为后固定槽(7)。
4.如权利要求2所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构和所述胫骨部件平台(2)的侧导向结构均为自后向前向上倾斜。
5.如权利要求4所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述倾斜的角度为0-10度。
6.如权利要求5所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述倾斜的角度为0.5-5度。
7.如权利要求1所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的前挡壁(8)为一整体挡壁，或者由多个分段不连续挡壁形成，或者为弹簧可升降挡壁。
8.如权利要求1所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的后固定结构和所述胫骨部件平台(2)的后固定结构均为一整体，或者由多个分段不连续结构形成。
9.如权利要求1所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构位于所述衬垫部件(1)的底部两侧或中部，所述胫骨部件平台(2)的侧导向结构位于与所述衬垫部件(1)的侧导向结构相对应的位置。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一所述的膝关节假体，其中，所述衬垫部件(1)的前部具有安装孔(11)。
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