CN103114218A - Preparation method of copper-chrome alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of copper-chrome alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of copper-chrome alloy, and belongs to the technical field of the preparation of alloy material. In the method, 55% CuO, Cr2O3 and aluminum powder are taken as main raw materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding MgSO4 and CaF2; adopting a material laminated self-propagating reaction technology, wherein A layer is the mixed materials of CuO, Cr2O3, aluminum powder and CaF2 and the mixed materials are added on the bottom layer of a reaction mould, B layer is the mixture of MgSO4, Al and CaF2 and the mixture is added on the A layer materials, and an igniting agent is added on the B layer material; and adopting an aluminothermic reducing method to obtain copper-chrome (Cu-Cr) alloy. According to the preparation method, the raw material source is wide, the production cost is low, the operation method is simple, and the product quality is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of alloy, especially relate to a kind of preparation method of chromiumcopper, belong to the alloy material preparing technical field.
Background technology
Chromiumcopper has intensity and hardness is high, thermal conductivity and the advantage such as electroconductibility is good and erosion resistance is strong, be widely used in preparing resistance electrode, contact material etc. and require high conductivity, high-intensity field, especially in high-power vacuum high-voltage switch, chromiumcopper demonstrates wide application prospect especially.
For satisfying the widespread demand of chromiumcopper, relevant enterprise and professional person have carried out a large amount of test and study work to the preparation technology of chromiumcopper both at home and abroad, make some progress.It is a kind of production method of low oxygen low foreign impurity copper chromium alloy contact head as denomination of invention, application number is a kind of method that 200310105130.3 patent discloses vacuum induction melting and vacuum electroslag remelting duplex technology production of copper Chrome metal powder, make the chromiumcopper electrode bar of low oxygen content by process for vacuum induction smelting, the recycling vacuum electroslag remelting further reduces the inclusion in chromiumcopper.The chromiumcopper gas content of this method preparation is low, dense structure, homogeneous chemical composition, high purity, but the consumable electrode that adopts rod adopts high-purity metal powder preparation to form, and the vacuum system of Structure of need complexity and direct current arc power supply, complex process, production cost is high.Denomination of invention is the method for jet deposition manufactured copper/chromiumcopper composite contact material, and application number is that 201210153453.9 patent proposes to utilize spray deposition to form and the Cu-Cr alloy layer of copper matrix mortise on pretreated fine copper matrix.The chromiumcopper matrix material of this method preparation is fine copper due to heart section, and after the wearing and tearing of top layer, the wearing and tearing of heart section will aggravate, and this method implementation process need to vacuumize; argon shield, and the pulverizing of alloy molten solution, atomizing; the processes such as deposition, process cycle is longer, and production cost is higher.
In recent years, preparation technology based on the chromiumcopper of self propagating high temperature synthetic technology also becomes study hotspot, this be due to this technology be utilize the heating certainly of chemical reaction heat high between reactant and certainly the conduction effect come synthetic materials, when in a single day reactant is ignited, the regional spread that just can not yet react from trend, until react completely, it is a kind of novel method of preparation mineral compound high-temperature material.The required raw materials cost of the synthetic chromiumcopper of self propagating high temperature is low, can take full advantage of the chemical energy of system to reach energy-conservation requirement, and its equipment is simple, and technical process is short, thereby obtains more and more higher attention in the high performance contact material of research field.But the obvious deficiency of self propagating high temperature synthetic technology is because the operating process heat loss is serious, and prepared alloy material mostly is loose cracking state, and pore quantity is many, and segregation is serious, therefore generally need to carry out subsequent disposal.Denomination of invention is preparation of copper-chromium alloy contact material by aluminothermal reduction-electromagnetic casting process, application number is 200510047309.7 patent utilization thermite reaction acquisition molten metal, carrying out golden slag under electromagnetic field stirs separates, and employing recirculated water cooling cooling down high-temperature alloy melt, this method raw materials cost is low, and technique is relatively simple, but heat of reaction is scattered and disappeared seriously, and experimental installation needs attached with mechanical transmission structure, and propulsion source need to additionally be provided.Denomination of invention is the method from spreading moltenslag refounding CuCr alloy contact material, application number is 200710011613.5 patent by the consumable electrode rod that certainly spreads the CuCr alloy that founding obtains is carried out remelting refining, and Forced water cooling obtains the CuCr alloy cast ingot.The melting current of esr process, the processing parameters such as service temperature are had relatively high expectations, and are also relatively high to the requirement of experimental installation, and energy consumption is high, can not effectively satisfy energy-conservation requirement.
Based on the defective of above-mentioned technology, the invention human desires provides a kind of equipment simple, and operational safety is with low cost based on the preparation method from the chromiumcopper of epidemic techniques.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of equipment simple, the preparation method of chromiumcopper with low cost.
For reaching above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of chromiumcopper adopts material lamination self-propagating reaction technique, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) charging mould and forming mould are assembled, the charging mold bottom has an aperture to be communicated with forming mould, and catch is put into the charging mold bottom;
2) prepare A layer material, in A layer material, composition and weight part are:
55% cupric oxide 50 ~ 70, chromium sesquioxide 10 ~ 25, aluminium powder 10 ~ 20, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) 2 ~ 3, the order number is all 100 ~ 300 orders, stirs, and adds in the charging mould, flattens compacting;
3) prepare B layer material, in B layer material, composition and weight part are:
Sal epsom 1.5 ~ 5, aluminium powder 1 ~ 3, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) 0.3 ~ 0.8, the order number is all 200 ~ 400 orders, stirs, and adds on A layer material, flattens compacting;
4) sprinkle starting mix on B layer material, igniting, after the catch fusing in graphite jig, high temperature fluent metal is flow in forming mould by charging mould small hole at bottom part, and the chromiumcopper of generation naturally cools to normal temperature and takes out.
After charging mould and forming mould assembling, before charging, mould is carried out preheating, can drive away the steam on mould.Generally be preheating to 200 ~ 300 ℃, it is enough to keep 5 ~ 15 minutes.
Described A layer material and B layer material stir by mixer.
For the ease of heat radiation, improve the security of operation, mixer is taked the mode of operation of intermittent operation, such as batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shuts down approximately 10 seconds, so repeatedly.
Described 55% cupric oxide refers to contain 55wt%CuO, and all the other are unoxidized Cu.
Described catch is Copper Foil.
The composition of described starting mix is gunpowder.
The inventive method relates to three kinds of thermite reactions, be respectively aluminium and cupric oxide reaction displacement copper, aluminium and chromium sesquioxide reaction displace chromium, aluminium and sal epsom reaction are as the thermal source supplying heat, reduce heat loss, the dual function of slag making and isolated air is provided, reduces pore quantity, improve processing safety.
Slag former mainly comprises the CaF in raw material
2And sulfide and the oxide compound of the generation of sal epsom thermite reaction.
Described aluminium powder is reductive agent, cupric oxide, and chromium sesquioxide and sal epsom are oxygenant.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. method equipment is simple.Method of the present invention is simple thermite reaction, and key step is for taking raw material, batch mixing, charging, igniting, and is simple to operate; Preparation equipment is mainly graphite jig and the forming mould of charging, does not need the large-scale equipment such as smelting furnace.
2. raw material sources are wide, and are with low cost.This preparation method's cost is mainly expense of raw materials, does not need the consumption of electric power equal energy source, and raw material sources are extensive, and is with low cost.
3. reacting balance, safe controllability is good.Adopt aluminium and sal epsom to react the energy as a supplement, not only make reaction have sufficient heat, reduce heat loss, and make this reacting balance, improve the security of experimentation.
4. good product quality.High temperature fluent metal flows into shaping mould from the charging mould, golden slag is forced to separate; And the sulfide that aluminium and sal epsom reaction generate can provide the double shielding of slag making and isolated air, greatly falls low-alloyed pore quantity, improves the alloy density.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the reaction unit schematic diagram.Comprise catch (4), charging mould (5) and forming mould (6).Material adds the employing lamination and adds, and is followed successively by from top to bottom A layer material (3), B layer material (2) and starting mix (1).
Fig. 2 is the secondary electron image of the CuCr alloy of embodiment three preparations.
Fig. 3 is the spectrum curve of the CuCr alloy of energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) embodiment three preparation of measuring.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder (200 order) wherein, chromium sesquioxide (200 order) and 55% cupric oxide (100 order) are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Embodiment two:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder wherein, chromium sesquioxide and 55% cupric oxide are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Embodiment three:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder wherein, chromium sesquioxide and 55% cupric oxide are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Embodiment four:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder wherein, chromium sesquioxide and 55% cupric oxide are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Embodiment five:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder wherein, chromium sesquioxide and 55% cupric oxide are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Embodiment six:
Graphite jig and forming mould to charging carry out clean and assembling, and catch is put into graphite jig bottom, preheated mold afterwards, and preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, be about 15 minutes warm up time.
Take raw material, aluminium powder wherein, chromium sesquioxide and 55% cupric oxide are technical grade.Sal epsom (MgSO
4) not only can provide heat, have simultaneously the slag making effect, slag former is elected Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) (CaF as
2); The raw material weight proportioning is (Wt%):
At first A layer material packed in mixer; mixing time is 3 minutes; because the batch mixing process easily produces heat, fully lost for the heat that guarantees this process, improve processing safety; therefore mixer keeps intermittent operation; be batch mixing approximately 15 seconds, shut down approximately 10 seconds, then batch mixing approximately 15 seconds; shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.Mixed A layer material packed in the graphite jig chamber, and slightly compacting flattens.Afterwards, B layer material packed into take same batch mixing means in blender, more mixed B layer material is added on A layer material, slightly compacting flattens.Priming mixture is sprinkling upon on B layer material, lights a fire with burning torch.In approximately 8 seconds reaction times, reaction is mild, and is safe.Until flow into the molten metal naturally cooling of forming mould in the reaction mould after, it is taken out, strike gently the slag of lower alloy surface, namely obtain chromiumcopper.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a chromiumcopper is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
1) charging mould and forming mould are assembled, the charging mold bottom has an aperture to be communicated with forming mould, and catch is put into the charging mold bottom;
2) prepare A layer material, in A layer material, composition and weight part are:
55% cupric oxide 50 ~ 70, chromium sesquioxide 10 ~ 25, aluminium powder 10 ~ 20, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) 2 ~ 3, the order number is all 100 ~ 300 orders, stirs, and adds in the charging mould, flattens compacting;
3) prepare B layer material, in B layer material, composition and weight part are:
Sal epsom 1.5 ~ 5, aluminium powder 1 ~ 3, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) 0.3 ~ 0.8, the order number is all 200 ~ 400 orders, stirs, and adds on A layer material, flattens compacting;
4) sprinkle starting mix on B layer material, igniting, after the catch fusing in graphite jig, high temperature fluent metal is flow in forming mould by charging mould small hole at bottom part, and the chromiumcopper of generation naturally cools to normal temperature and takes out.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after charging mould and forming mould assembling, before charging, mould carried out preheating.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, before charging, mould is preheating to 200 ~ 300 ℃, kept 5 ~ 15 minutes.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described A layer material and B layer material stir by mixer.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, mixer is taked the mode of operation of intermittent operation.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, mixer batch mixing 15 seconds was shut down 10 seconds, so repeatedly.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described 55% cupric oxide refers to contain 55wt%CuO, and all the other are unoxidized Cu.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104120261A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 东北大学 | Method for manufacturing immiscible alloy ingot casting in aluminothermic reduction-slag refining mode |
| CN104120262A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing CuCr alloy ingot through aluminothermic reduction-slag refining |
| CN105349809A (en) * | 2015-10-25 | 2016-02-24 | 无棣向上机械设计服务有限公司 | Preparing method for copper-chromium alloy |
| CN105905931A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-31 | 武汉大学 | Method of synthesizing spherical aluminum oxide nano-particles through self-propagation reaction |
| CN106384668A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-08 | 安徽飞达电气科技有限公司 | Multilayer substrate for film capacitors |
| CN110468293A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-19 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method containing alumin(i)um yellow brass |
| CN115948667A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-11 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司沈阳供电公司 | Tungsten nanoparticle reinforced CuCr alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| EP1688198A1 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2006-08-09 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Continuous casting mold and method of continuous casting for copper alloy |
| CN101067170A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2007-11-07 | 东北大学 | Method for self-spreading moltenslag refounding CuCr alloy contact material |
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| EP1688198A1 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2006-08-09 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Continuous casting mold and method of continuous casting for copper alloy |
| CN1743477A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2006-03-08 | 东北大学 | Preparation of copper-chromium alloy contact material by aluminothermal reduction-electromagnetic casting process |
| CN101067170A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2007-11-07 | 东北大学 | Method for self-spreading moltenslag refounding CuCr alloy contact material |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104120261A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 东北大学 | Method for manufacturing immiscible alloy ingot casting in aluminothermic reduction-slag refining mode |
| CN104120262A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing CuCr alloy ingot through aluminothermic reduction-slag refining |
| CN104120262B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-04-06 | 东北大学 | The method of CuCr alloy cast ingot is prepared in a kind of thermite reduction-slag refining |
| CN105349809A (en) * | 2015-10-25 | 2016-02-24 | 无棣向上机械设计服务有限公司 | Preparing method for copper-chromium alloy |
| CN105905931A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-31 | 武汉大学 | Method of synthesizing spherical aluminum oxide nano-particles through self-propagation reaction |
| CN105905931B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-08-25 | 武汉大学 | A kind of method of utilization Self-propagating Reaction Synthesis spherical alumina nano particle |
| CN106384668A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-08 | 安徽飞达电气科技有限公司 | Multilayer substrate for film capacitors |
| CN106384668B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2018-07-06 | 广东丰明电子科技有限公司 | A kind of thin film capacitor multilager base plate |
| CN110468293A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-19 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method containing alumin(i)um yellow brass |
| CN115948667A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-11 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司沈阳供电公司 | Tungsten nanoparticle reinforced CuCr alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20160620 Address after: 518000, Guangdong Province, Yantian District, Shenzhen, seamounts street, deep salt road, Pacific Industrial Zone 1, building 7, 5-6 span Patentee after: SHENZHEN YUANSIDACHENG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 430072 Hubei Province, Wuhan city Wuchang District of Wuhan University Luojiashan Patentee before: Wuhan University |
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