Rail vehicle truck
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rail vehicle truck, belong to the rail vehicle truck field.
Background technology
Bogie truck is realized main (smoothly by each curve), carrying (realizing the load-carrying target), traveling (realizing running velocity and riding quality), braking (realizing that operational vehicle in column stops in the predetermined distance) effect of turning to that play in service in column at rail traffic vehicles.It is that rail traffic vehicles is realized the heavy duty speed-raising and guaranteed the crucial and basic of vehicle operating quality.
Research points out, the diamond resistant rigidity of bogie truck has controlled effect to the hunting stability of bogie truck, and diamond resistant rigidity is little, two-wheeled is shaken the head in the same way to easy generation and reverse transverse motion, bogie truck straight-line motion stability is just poor, the unstability of easily crawling, and reduce vehicle stability.Therefore, the diamond resistant rigidity of raising bogie truck is extremely important.
Current track load carrying vehicle bogie truck is mainly the cast steel three-piece bogie, and in traditional cast steel three-piece bogie, its principal character is that bogie side frame is connected by the central square hole of bogie side frame with bolster.Bolster left and right side frame is relatively done sink-float, rolling pendulum motion.It is that spring and oblique wedge vibration damper by bolster two ends retrains that bogie side frame rotates with respect to the level (shaking the head) of bolster, this the way of restraint is very not firm, and abrasion state and geometric configuration that the constraint of diamonding and magnitude of load that spring damper bears, wedge occur between the prevention bolster that it provides and bogie side frame are relevant.When being in complete vehicle curb condition or wedge severe wear, this constraint is more open.During the bogie truck operation, due to front and back wheel, meeting is produced and shake the head in the same way and the counter yaw moment serpentine locomotion, with the angular transposition in the same way that makes in the relative bolster occurred level of left and right side frame plane, namely diamonding occurs in bogie truck " framework ", affect operation stability, increase wheeling edge wearing.Simultaneously, when vehicle moves, be subjected to the impact of bogie side frame " rhombus dislocation " on curve, the critical speed of curve passing through motion also can reduce, and aforementioned various adverse consequencess also can be aggravated, and the maintenance cost of vehicle is also higher.
Simultaneously, the cast steel three-piece bogie can be divided into again generally according to spring suspension classification that primary spring hangs and two kinds of secondary spring suspensions.The spring mounted bogie truck of polyphyly seldom adopts.Because the primary spring suspension bogie is simple in structure, to be convenient to maintenance, to make, cost is lower, and is general multiplex in roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar.The roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar produced of China was all take this type of bogie truck as main in the past, and this type of bogie truck can only be complementary with the train operation speed per hour of 50 kilometers to 80 kilometers per hour, is unfavorable for Speed Increase of Freight Cars; China is passenger and freight car mixed running on same circuit in addition, and the lorry speed per hour lags behind, and has seriously restricted the passenger vehicle operation.And secondary spring suspension bogie complicated structure, the parts of employing are more, and cost is also higher.Therefore, the secondary spring suspension bogie is general multiplex in passenger car bogie.
Find by research, adopting the crossbar technology is to improve the effective means of cast steel three-piece bogie diamond resistant rigidity, can improve the vehicle dynamics performance, effectively improve the running velocity of vehicle, strengthen the diamond resistant rigidity of bogie truck on the common bogie side frame that adopts two bars to be connected to across bogie truck of crossed rod type bogie truck.Layout on bogie truck can be divided into middle staggered form, lower staggered form to the crossed rod type bogie truck by crossbar; The mode that forms by crossbar can be divided into again two kinds, and a kind of is mutually fixed in the middle part of two crossbars, and another kind is that two crossbars do not connect mutually, is two independently connecting rods.8AG being arranged, turn 8G, turn 8AB, turn 8B, turn K2, turn K6 type bogie truck in China railways lorry principal mode bogie truck at present is lower staggered form structure, and two crossbars are mutually fixed.Turning K1 type bogie truck is middle staggered form structure, and two crossbars are separate.
The China railways roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar is after adopting the crossbar technology, the lorry running velocity increases substantially, for China's goods transport has been made huge contribution, but due to two affixed modes of crossbar middle part employing, caused crossbar in pcketing place, affixed position stress is concentrated, and easily causes endurance crack, brings safely certain hidden danger for vehicle operating.
For turning K1 type bogie truck, to intersect by two strut bars and pass bolster belly preformed hole, strut bar two ends and side frames flexibly are connected as a single entity; The bogie side frame two ends are supported on wheel to upper by resilient rubbber cushion and adapter.Except preventing that side frames from occuring " rhombus dislocation ", bogie truck is operated steadily, reduce wheel-rail wear, improve the vertical and horizontal tractive performance of vehicle, improve curving performance and bogie truck hunting critical speed, reduce the abrasion between wheel track.
But above-mentioned bogie truck is not still fully optimized from spring suspension and pull bar elastic element, so improving anti-water chestnut property, still there are some limitation in the aspects such as the radially carrying capacity when the low power of optimization bogie truck and curve motion, elastic element reliability, performance still can not satisfy best requirement, is necessary this is further improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for existing railway goods train bogie, provide a kind of simple in structure, economical and practical, have the rail vehicle truck of the radially ability when improving spring suspension system, higher diamond resistant rigidity, shear stiffness and good operation stability and curve motion.
in order to realize this purpose, the invention provides a kind of rail vehicle truck, comprise first round pair, second take turns right, be arranged on the first and second the first bogie side frame and second bogie side frames of taking turns the outside, two ends, and bolster, shock attenuation unit, adapter, secondary spring hangs, normal contact side bearing, the secondary spring suspension that is made of the outer coil spring of coil spring in central authorities and central authorities is placed on side frames, bolster is placed in secondary spring by shock attenuation unit and hangs, between each little drawing strickle guide in bogie side frame end and adapter, the two stage stiffness primary spring is housed, be connected with the first pull bar and the second pull bar between the delthyrium of the first bogie side frame and the second bogie side frame, and the first pull bar and the second pull bar intersect mutually,
Described primary spring is the journal box spring device of two stage stiffness, shear rubber pad and form by bearing plate, shear plate, base plate, pressure-bearing rubber pad, the first shearing rubber pad, second, first, second is sheared rubber pad and becomes the obtuse angle with the pressure-bearing rubber pad, and the symmetrical two ends that are connected to the pressure-bearing rubber pad consist of elastic body, top at the pressure-bearing rubber pad is provided with bearing plate, be respectively equipped with shear plate on the first and second tops of shearing rubber pad, base plate is located at elastomeric bottom, shears on the shear plate on top of rubber pads first and second and is equipped with positioning.Wherein the pressure-bearing rubber pad is captiveed joint with bogie side frame, adapter by locating dowel pin, and first, second is sheared rubber pad and keeps off with bogie side frame fixed by the location.
Described bearing plate, shear plate, base plate and pressure-bearing rubber pad, first are sheared rubber pad, the second shearing rubber pad is sulfided into one.
Described the first pull bar and the second pull bar are provided with mider hole by shaft and the mounting hole formation that is located at the shaft two ends in the middle part of the shaft of the second pull bar, the first pull bar passes from the mider hole of the second pull bar and forms cross one another pull bar group structure; The pull bar group is arranged between the delthyrium of first, second bogie side frame, and in the scope of side frames delthyrium, in the pull bar group, the end mounting hole of two pull bars overlaps with side frames elasticity by ball pivot and connects as one the horizontal centre plane of pull bar group apart from the rail level eminence.
The shaft section of described the first pull bar and the second pull bar is rectangular configuration, and according to the difference of bogie axle weight, distance between journal centers and pull bar length, the rational aspect ratio of rectangular cross section is 1:1.65~2.0.
In described pull bar group the end mounting hole of two pull bars and side frames by following structural elasticity connect as one: the longitudinal center's delthyrium place at described first, second bogie side frame all is cast with Connection Block, fixed adapter shaft on Connection Block; In the pull bar group, two pull bars are arranged on described adapter shaft by mounting hole, are pressed with elasticity hinge cover between mounting hole and adapter shaft, stop ear pad sheet, retaining washer, binding bolt.
Described adapter shaft is the cylindricality adapter shaft, and described elasticity hinge cover is the Integral elastic ball and socket that is complementary with adapter shaft.The difference of height of side frames when this structure can make pull bar can adapt to better bogie truck by curve is avoided being conducive to the safety of vehicle operating because pull bar Do strength causes inside and outside wheel off-load.
Rail vehicle truck of the present invention, wherein adapter shaft is for directly to be cemented on the Connection Block at bogie side frame delthyrium place, and consolidation style can be that welding, riveted joint or bolt and nut connect.This structure can adopt the scheme of more suitably assembling for different structure spaces.
advantage of the present invention is: this rail vehicle truck is by installing pull bar and the axle box spring installation being installed between the little drawing strickle guide in bogie side frame end and adapter between the bogie side frame delthyrium, not only inherited traditional cast steel research roller bearing adapter stabilizer bar simple in structure, easy to maintenance, the characteristics adaptable to the distortion circuit, make again the shear deformation of bogie truck side frames be subject to elastic restraint, diamonding is suppressed, make bogie truck have the ability of certain reply normotopia, alleviated simultaneously the dynamic deformation from motion of wheel track spare, radially ability and running velocity and curve negotiation ability have been improved between the bogie truck wheel track, improved the vehicle operating quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the master according to rail vehicle truck of the present invention looks schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic side view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is primary spring scheme of installation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of journal box spring device of the present invention (primary spring);
Fig. 6 is the birds-eye view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the first pull bar;
Fig. 8 is the birds-eye view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the second pull bar;
Figure 10 is the structural representation in elastic ball joint;
Figure 11, Figure 12 are the mounting structure schematic diagrams of two kinds of structures in pull bar, adapter shaft and elastic ball joint;
Figure 13 a, Figure 13 b, Figure 13 c are the several with reference to the mount scheme schematic diagram of the adapter shaft of rail vehicle truck of the present invention and bogie side frame Connection Block;
Figure 14 a, Figure 14 b, Figure 14 c are several reference configuration schematic diagrams of the adapter shaft of rail vehicle truck of the present invention;
Figure 15 is that rail vehicle truck of the present invention is being installed under pull bar group and primary spring, and the wheel during by curve aligns capability and anti-water chestnut ability schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, rail vehicle truck of the present invention comprises: the first round is to 1, second taking turns 13, being arranged on the first and second the first bogie side frame 2 and second bogie side frames 14 of taking turns the outside, two ends, and bolster 4, shock attenuation unit 3, adapter 8, secondary spring hang, often contact side bearing 9, the secondary spring suspension that is made of the outer coil spring 6 of coil spring 5 in central authorities and central authorities is placed on side frames 2,14, consists of a kind of suspended structure.Bolster 4 is placed in secondary spring by shock attenuation unit 3 and hangs, and between each little drawing strickle guide in bogie side frame end and adapter, the two stage stiffness primary spring is housed, and consists of another kind of suspended structure.Provide wheel to required in length and breadth to the elasticity locating stiffness, reduce unsprung weight, improve the Vehicular vibration performance, reduce the dynamic deformation from motion between wheel track; Be elasticly connected with the first pull bar 10 and the second pull bar 11 between the delthyrium of the first bogie side frame and the second bogie side frame, and the first pull bar and the second pull bar intersect mutually.
As shown in Figure 4, setting up one between bogie side frame 2 and adapter 8 is journal box spring device 7.Adapter 8 is placed in wheel on 1.
as Fig. 5, shown in 6, primary spring of the present invention is the journal box spring device 7 of two stage stiffness, by bearing plate 36, shear plate 37, base plate 35, pressure-bearing rubber pad 32, first shears rubber pad 31, second shears the elastic caoutchouc hardware that rubber pad 34 forms, first, second shears rubber pad becomes the obtuse angle with the pressure-bearing rubber pad, and the symmetrical two ends that are connected to the pressure-bearing rubber pad consist of elastic body, be provided with bearing plate 36 on the top of pressure-bearing rubber pad, be respectively equipped with shear plate 37 on the first and second tops of shearing rubber pad, base plate 35 is located at elastomeric bottom, bearing plate, shear plate, base plate and pressure-bearing rubber pad, first shears rubber pad, second shears rubber pad is sulfided into one.Shear on the shear plate on top of rubber pads first and second and be equipped with positioning 30.Wherein the pressure-bearing rubber pad is captiveed joint with bogie side frame, adapter by locating dowel pin 33, with the transverse and longitudinal displacement after limiting it and assembling; First, second is sheared, and rubber pad keeps off by the location and bogie side frame is fixed, to limit its rotation.It is more reliable that this structure makes bogie side frame, adapter, single stage suspension device coordinate, and making it two is that the effect of rigidity is not fully exerted.The axle box of rail vehicle truck location is by the pressure-bearing rubber pad and shear rubber pad and realize its elasticity location forming primary spring.This structure can satisfy empty wagons and the large different demands of loaded vehicle difference in quality, under empty wagons operating modes different from loaded vehicle, provides as required different horizontal strokes, vertical and vertical stiffness.
The secondary spring that in central authorities of the present invention, the outer coil spring 6 of coil spring 5 and central authorities consists of hangs and is placed on bogie side frame 2, consists of a kind of suspended structure.Set up two stage stiffness journal box spring device 7 between bogie side frame 2 and adapter 8, consist of another kind of suspended structure.By this dual mode, form the two stage suspension bogie structure, can satisfy the demand of the various operating modes of vehicle.Simultaneously be provided with pull bar 10,11 between bogie side frame 2,14, the first bogie side frame 2, the second bogie side frame 14 are flexibly connected as one, the anti-water chestnut of improving the first bogie side frame 2, the second bogie side frame 14 becomes ability.
As shown in Fig. 1,2,3,7,8,9, be provided with the pull bar group that is consisted of by the first pull bar 10 and the second pull bar 11 between side frames 2,14, this pull bar group is the digonal link of two one group, the first pull bar and the second pull bar are by shaft and the mounting hole formation that is located at the shaft two ends, be provided with mider hole 26 in the middle part of the shaft of the second pull bar, the first pull bar 10 passes the second pull bar 11 mider holes 26, forms mutual decussate texture.For convenience of installing and safeguarding, avoid colliding with in operation and allocation and transportation process, two digonal links are arranged between the side frames longitudinal median plane, the horizontal centre plane of its pull bar group apart from the rail level eminence in the scope of bogie side frame delthyrium.Pull bar 10,11 sections are rectangular cross section, and for obtaining best bending strength and anti-water chestnut effect, its section aspect ratio is 1:1.65 ~ 2.0.
As shown in Fig. 2,6,8,9,11,12, bolster 4 bellies are provided with preformed hole 21A, 21B, and the first pull bar 10, the second pull bar 11 pass wherein.Longitudinal center's delthyrium place of bogie side frame 2 is cast with Connection Block 12, affixed adapter shaft 23 on Connection Block 12, and adapter shaft top is drilled with tapped bore; The mounting plane of adapter shaft is positioned near the bogie truck horizontal central plane, so that two pull bars 10,11 horizontal centre plane are near the bogie truck horizontal central plane; The two ends of two pull bars are provided with mounting hole, for ease of assembling, realize that two digonal links intersect mutually, the first pull bar 10 1 end mounting hole thickness are identical with pull bar shaft cross section, other end mounting hole thickness is identical with the mounting hole thickness of the second pull bar 11, and each mounting hole can be socketed on adapter shaft 23; During installation, make two pull bars 10,11 intersections pass preformed hole 21 A, 21 B of bolster 4 bellies, and the mounting hole of the first pull bar 10 1 ends and shaft cross section same thickness is socketed on the adapter shaft 23 that is pressed with elastic ball joint 15 and stop collar 24, place back-up ring 19, stop aural grommet 18, retaining washer 17, then binding bolt 16; All the other thickness pull bar mounting holes are socketed on the adapter shaft 23 that is pressed with elastic ball joint 15, place back-up ring 20, stop aural grommet 18, retaining washer 17, then binding bolt 16, thereby pull bar 10, the 11 and first bogie side frame 2, the second bogie side frame 14 are flexibly connected as one.
As shown in Figure 14 a, 14b, 14c, adapter shaft 23 can select to illustrate a kind of in three kinds of organization plans.Be depicted as bolt as Figure 14 a, Figure 13 a and connect, namely adapter shaft 23 is cemented on Connection Block 12 by bolt 22.Figure 14 b, Figure 13 b are depicted as riveted joint, and adapter shaft 23 is cemented on Connection Block 12 by rivet 25.It is fixed that Figure 14 c, Figure 13 c are depicted as welding, and adapter shaft 13 directly is welded on Connection Block 12.
As shown in figure 10, elastic ball joint 15 is complementary with adapter shaft 13.Elastic ball joint 15 forms one by ball core steel inner sleeve 28, tubular steel overcoat 27 and rubber 29 by sulfuration.
As shown in figure 15, with the journal box spring device of primary spring be reduced to three-dimensional spring 38, the first pull bars 10, the second pull bar 11 is reduced to pull rod device 39, secondary spring hangs and is reduced to spring installation 40.When bogie truck passes through curve, under three-dimensional spring 38, pull rod device 39, spring installation 40 effects, giving provides wheel to enough positive capabilities, eliminate attack angle alpha between wheel track, make the shear deformation of bogie truck side frames be subject to elastic restraint, diamonding is suppressed, make bogie truck have the ability of certain reply normotopia, alleviate simultaneously the dynamic deformation from motion between wheel track, improved between the bogie truck wheel track radially ability and running velocity and curve negotiation ability, improved the vehicle operating quality.