CN103111645B - A kind of circular knife and method for designing thereof being applied to ultrasonic wave processing - Google Patents
A kind of circular knife and method for designing thereof being applied to ultrasonic wave processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Be applied to circular knife and the method for designing thereof of ultrasonic wave processing, belong to ultrasonic cutter and method for designing technical field thereof.Described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with groove, and described groove quantity is even number.Said method comprising the steps of: (A) calculates the resonant frequency of circular knife; Set up ANSYS model and carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife; (B) nodel line is determined; (C) if there is pitch circle, then groove is offered at nodel line and pitch circle overlapping; If there is not pitch circle, then groove is set on nodel line.The circular knife of radial fluting can make its cutting tip produce good ultrasonic wave vibrating effect, so can with high accuracy machining composite, the advantage of ultrasonic vibration machining be more prone to embody and realize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic cutter and method for designing technical field thereof, be specifically related to a kind of circular knife and the method for designing thereof that are applied to ultrasonic wave processing.
Background technology
Ultrasonic Machining is the novel processing method of one grown up gradually over nearly 40 years, it can not only the hard and brittle metal such as processing rigid alloy, and Precision Machining and the processing and forming of semiconductor and nonconducting hard brittle materia can be applicable to, there is the technological effect that common process is incomparable, have a wide range of applications.
Ultrasonic wave processing cutting tool is arranged on supersonic machining apparatus usually, under hyperacoustic vibration, carry out ultrasonic wave processing to workpiece.Supersonic machining apparatus, generally includes supersonic generator, transducer, ultrasonic transformer and cutter.Alternating current is transformed into the supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal of certain power by supersonic generator, transducer converts supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal to ultrasonic vibration, hyperacoustic mechanical oscillation pass to cutter after ultrasonic transformer amplifies, and cutter is designed to provide peak swing at free end according to given frequency.Cutter is as the load of ultrasonic transformer, and its mechanism size, quality size and the quality be connected with ultrasonic transformer, have a great impact ultrasonic vibration resonant frequency and service behaviour tool, also have a great impact machining accuracy.
The ultrasonic cutter of existing various version, " rolling ball type cutter ", CN201357237 disclosed " column type supersonic machining tool bit " and CN201357303 disclosed " ballpoint tool bit for ultrasonic machining " disclosed in Chinese patent literature CN200946158, although being in various forms of these cutters, but be all applicable to hard brittle material ultrasonic wave processing, for composite ultrasonic wave processing but cannot complete or effect undesirable.
Composite has the many advantages such as high ratio is strong, Gao Bimo, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, endurance, quality are light, is all widely used at numerous areas such as Aero-Space, machinery, electronics, the energy.But, due to characteristic and the special institutional framework of composite, make its machining very difficult.Traditional approach is adopted to carry out adding man-hour, need preparation contrary instrument concavo-convex with processed die cavity, complex manufacturing technology, processing cost is high, cycle is long, and in process, there are the serious problems such as tool wear, have impact on machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency, limit the industrial applications of composite.
In the past, people adopted diamond dust saw blade and forward-reverse spiral milling cutter cutting composite always.But when finding diamond dust saw blade cutting composite in actual production, the fluffing of saw blade fracture is serious, and produces a large amount of heat, and vibration is severe; When using screw-on cutter cutting composite, high and expensive to lathe requirement, be unsuitable for batch machining product.
At present, existing circular knife is applied to the Ultrasonic machining of composite, in use often utters long and high-pitched sounds, rupture instantaneously, jeopardize personal safety and cause workpiece to be scrapped, and cutter hub cutting temperature is high, working (machining) efficiency is low, and crudy is poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defect mentioned and deficiency, and provide a kind of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing, be arranged on ultrasonic cutting machine bed, carry out machining, cutting composite is satisfactory for result.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned a kind of method for designing being applied to the circular knife of ultrasonic wave processing.
The technical scheme that the present invention realizes the employing of its object is as follows.
Be applied to a circular knife for ultrasonic wave processing, described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with groove, and described groove quantity is even number.
Described circular knife comprises integrated boss and disk, and described boss central authorities are provided with installing hole, and described disk and boss are coaxially arranged, and described disk edge is provided with circular knife anterior angle.
Described circular knife is threaded with ultrasonic transformer by screw, and the nut thickness of described screw is less than boss height, and nut top does not exceed circular knife lower plane.
The both sides trough rim of described groove overlaps with circular knife radius, and the angle angle=16 ° of both sides trough rim, the edges and corners circular arc of described groove is arranged, and radius of the radian is at 1mm ~ 3mm.
Described groove is circular port, polygonal hole, beading hole or arcuation elongated hole.
The angular range of described circular knife anterior angle is for being more than or equal to 10 ° and being less than or equal to 18 °.
Be applied to a method for designing for the circular knife of ultrasonic wave processing, comprise the following steps:
(A) determine circular knife material, elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio μ, density p and anterior angle θ, design circular knife size, and calculate the resonant frequency of circular knife; Set up ANSYS model and carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife;
(B) from mode of oscillation, determine the nodel line of the distribution in circular knife diameter that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal;
(C) if there is the Oscillation Amplitude pitch circle in circular knife circle distribution less than normal in mode of oscillation, then groove is offered at nodel line and pitch circle overlapping; If there is not pitch circle in mode of oscillation, then on nodel line, arrange groove, described groove is radially radial to be uniformly distributed.
In step (C), if there is the Oscillation Amplitude pitch circle in circular knife circle distribution less than normal in mode of oscillation, described groove inner radius is less than minimum pitch circle inner radius, and described groove outer radius is greater than maximum pitch circle outer radius; If there is not pitch circle in mode of oscillation, groove inner radius is more than or equal to 1/2nd of circular knife radius, and groove outer radius is less than or equal to 4/5ths of circular knife radius.
Described method also comprises:
(D) make circular knife and after radial fluting, by measuring and revise the resonant frequency obtained needed for reality, form a sound system with transducer, ultrasonic transformer and screw.
In ultrasonic wave processing, cutter be made effectively and reliably to work, ensure precision and the working (machining) efficiency of institute's processing parts, cutter must have good dynamic characteristic.The circular knife of radial fluting can make its cutting tip produce good ultrasonic wave vibrating effect, so can with high accuracy machining composite, the advantage of ultrasonic vibration machining be more prone to embody and realize.This circular knife can be widely used in as composite material ultrasonic wave cutting fields such as glass fibre, carbon fiber, Kafra fiber, various cellular material, prepreg fabric material and various foamed materials.Compared with processing with tradition, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows.
1) working (machining) efficiency can improve.
2) man-hour cutter hub cutting temperature is added low.
3) cutter scrappage is reduced.
4) composite processing workpiece cut surface is neat, and suface processing quality is high.
5) Workpiece Machining Accuracy is improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is circular knife half sectional view;
Fig. 2 is the mode of oscillation figure of the circular knife finite element analysis of embodiment one nodel line number 2;
Fig. 3 is the mode of oscillation figure of the circular knife finite element analysis of embodiment two nodel line number 3;
Fig. 4 is the front view of embodiment one without the circular knife of pitch circle;
Fig. 5 is the front view that embodiment three has the circular knife of pitch circle;
Fig. 6 is the fixing schematic diagram of radial fluting circular knife and ultrasonic main shaft tool ends end;
Fig. 7 is the shape figure of groove;
In figure: 1-boss, 2-installing hole, 3-disk, 4-circular knife anterior angle, 5-groove, 6-screw, 7-ultrasonic transformer, a-nodel line, b-pitch circle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Ultrasonic machining technology, as the manufacturing process of a kind of advanced person, utilizes the energy of ultrasonic vibration extensively to be adopted by US and European the technology that composite cuts.In whole ultrasonic milling system, cutter directly cuts material, and this just just has higher requirement to the development of cutter.Ultrasonic system has an intrinsic frequency, and the value of this intrinsic frequency is relevant with the various Modal Stress of the geometric diameter of cutter, cutter material characteristic.But the numerical computations of intrinsic frequency function is difficult especially, brings many problems to engineer applied.
In ultrasonic vibration machining system, circular knife is mainly used in half essence, the fine finishining of plane or curved surface.
In order to convenience of calculation, we provide the resonant frequency approximate calculation of periphery free, middle fixing uiform section circle thin plate circular knife:
Wherein,---resonant frequency (Hz); R---circular knife radius (mm); H---circular knife thickness (mm); μ---pool mulberry coefficient; E---elastic modelling quantity (Pa); ρ---density of material (Kg/m
3); B
ns---vibration shape constant, in table 1.
Table 1 vibration shape constant B
nswith the relation of n, s
| s =0 | s =1 | s =2 | s =3 | |
| n =1 | 3.75 | - | 5.4 | … |
| n =2 | 20.91 | - | 30.48 | … |
| n =3 | 60.68 | - | - | … |
| n =4 | 119.7 | - | - | - |
In table: n---the straight line nodel line a number of normal mode vibration distribution of amplitudes;
S---the number of pitch circle b.
By setting intrinsic frequency, vibration constant B can be drawn
ns, straight line nodel line a number n and pitch circle b number s can be found from table 1.
The mode of oscillation figure of accompanying drawing 2 to be the mode of oscillation figure of the circular knife finite element analysis of embodiment one, Fig. 3 the be circular knife finite element analysis of embodiment two.In mode of oscillation figure, color is darker, represents that Oscillation Amplitude is less.Wherein, by color, in circular knife diameter, the straight line of distribution is called nodel line a more deeply, and the annulus of color more deeply in circular knife circle distribution is called pitch circle b.Nodel line a and pitch circle b region, circular knife Oscillation Amplitude is less even can not produce vibration, and the material in this region can pin down and limit the vibrating effect of circular knife.
The present invention proposes a kind of radial fluting circular knife, is intended to improve the problems referred to above existed in circular knife use procedure.
In supersonic vibration cutting processing, do not vibrate near nodel line a and pitch circle b, without ultrasonic vibration effect, nodel line a and pitch circle b region friction cause pining down of vibration cutting mode and limit, be unfavorable for cutter work, radial fluting contributes to the mode of oscillation improving ultrasonic wave vibration work.
Embodiment 1.
Ultrasonic vibration machining system resonance frequencies 20kHz, circular knife diameter D=52mm, circular knife thickness h=1.4mm, the circular knife of anterior angle θ=14 ゜ of circular knife anterior angle 4, cutter material is tool steel, circular knife material and heat treatment should meet functional reliability requirement, normally can work, there will not be abnormal fracture within the cutting time of regulation.Elastic modulus E=2e11Pa, Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, density p=7800Kg/m
3, can obtain the circular knife of radial fluting, Fig. 4 is shown in structural representation.Groove design concrete steps are.
(1) diameter 52mm circular knife resonant frequency is calculated; Set up ANSYS model and carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife.
In cylindrical coordinate, the free oscillation crosswise differential equation of circular knives is:
In formula: D-bending strength, D=2EH
3/ [3 (1-v
2)], w-lateral amplitude of vibration; M-mass area ratio, m=2H ρ; The elastic modelling quantity of E, v, ρ-circular knives, Poisson is density when.
Boundary condition: at r=b place, amount of deflection and slope are zero.I.e. [w]
r=b=0; [
w/
r]=0.Use the knowledge of the separation of variable and Bessel equation, finally obtain:
Constant C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4ratio determined by boundary condition, actual value is still needed and is determined by primary condition further.Constant θ
0determined by primary condition.
In ultrasonic wave processing, cutter be made effectively and reliably to work, ensure precision and the working (machining) efficiency of institute's processing parts, cutter must have good dynamic characteristic, therefore, need carry out model analysis to cutter.Numerical computations but due to above-mentioned function is difficult especially, brings many problems to engineer applied.And ANSYS finite element modeling well can carry out model analysis calculating, this model is therefore adopted to be that carrying out smoothly of this work provides a great convenience.
The value of intrinsic frequency is relevant with the various Modal Stress of the geometric diameter of cutter, cutter material characteristic.Model analysis is mainly used in intrinsic frequency and the mode of computation structure, and can be shown the situation of the relevant vibration shape by some figures and animation.By the finite element modal analysis to circular knife, the suitable vibration shape required for us and intrinsic frequency can be found, make whole ultrasonic vibration system can better be operated in wanted resonant condition.
In ANSYS Finite Element Analysis Modeling, set up the threedimensional model of circular knives, according to designing requirement setup unit type and material properties, then stress and strain model is carried out to threedimensional model, form FEM model.
The situation of θ=14 ゜, before analyzing in ANSYS, carrying out model analysis to the resonant frequency of cutter does not need to add any load and constraint.Because designed resonant frequency is 20kHz, solve the time for shortening and obtain required solution, solve frequency range and be set as 15000 to 25000Hz, obtain three rank mode afterwards by analysis, determine the frequency of each rank mode.
According to the vibration shape of vibration-mode analysis cutter.Cutter is symmetric curvature vibration, and maximum displacement, at the edge of cutter, is conducive to the processing to material, and distortion also meets the requirements.
(2) from mode of oscillation, determine the nodel line a of the distribution in circular knife diameter that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal; Can find out that nodel line a has 2 according to the modal graph of Fig. 2.
(3) according to showing in the modal graph of Fig. 2 that this state is without pitch circle b.Nodel line a arranges groove 5, every bar nodel line a is symmetrical arranged 2 grooves 5, therefore opens 4 grooves 5 altogether.Same nodel line a is all symmetrically arranged with groove 5 in the both sides of installing hole 2, therefore the number of groove 5 is the even-multiple of nodel line a number.The angle of adjacent groove 5 is 90 °.
Groove 5 inner radius equals 1/2nd of circular knife radius, and groove 5 outer radius equals 4/5ths of circular knife radius.
(4) make circular knife and after radial fluting, by measuring and revise the resonant frequency obtained needed for reality, form a sound system with transducer, ultrasonic transformer 7 and screw 6.
Therefore, the circular knife structure obtained is as follows.
Described circular knife comprises integrated boss 1 and disk 3, and described boss 1 central authorities are provided with installing hole 2, and described disk 3 is coaxially arranged with boss 1, and described disk 3 edge is provided with circular knife anterior angle 4.The number of degrees of circular knife anterior angle 4 directly have influence on and cut sharpness, cutting force, crudy and stock-removing efficiency.The angle of this enforcement circular knife anterior angle 4 equals 14 °.
Described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with 4 grooves 5.The both sides trough rim of same groove 5 overlaps with circular knife radius, and the angle angle 10 ° of both sides trough rim.The corner angle circular arc of described groove 5 is arranged, and arc radius is 1mm, avoids the stress brought because of the abrupt change of cross-section to concentrate.
Described circular knife is threaded with ultrasonic transformer 7 by screw 6, and the nut thickness of described screw 6 is less than boss 1 height, and nut top does not exceed circular knife lower plane.
The circular knife of embodiment 1 does not have howling, good operating stability when working, and workpiece processing quality is good, and otch section neatly smooth, nothing is torn.
Embodiment 2.
Ultrasonic vibration machining system resonance frequencies 20kHz, circular knife diameter D=25mm, circular knife thickness h=1.4mm, the circular knife of anterior angle θ=14 ゜ of circular knife anterior angle 4, cutter material is tool steel, circular knife material and heat treatment should meet functional reliability requirement, normally can work, there will not be abnormal fracture within the cutting time of regulation.Elastic modulus E=2e11Pa, Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, density p=7800Kg/m
3, radial fluting circular knife can be obtained.Groove design concrete steps are.
(1) design diameter 25mm circular knife structure chart, set up ANSYS model and carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife.
(2) determine from mode of oscillation Oscillation Amplitude less than normal in circular knife diameter distribution nodel line a number be 3, as shown in Figure 3.
(3) there is not pitch circle b in mode of oscillation, then on nodel line a, arrange groove 5, described groove 5 is radially radial to be uniformly distributed.Groove 5 inner radius equals 3/5ths of circular knife radius, and groove 5 outer radius equals 7/10ths of circular knife radius.
(4) make circular knife and after radial fluting, by measuring and revise the resonant frequency obtained needed for reality, form a sound system with transducer, ultrasonic transformer 7 and screw 6.
Therefore, the circular knife structure obtained is as follows.
The angle of this enforcement circular knife anterior angle 4 equals 14 °.
Described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with 6 grooves 5.The both sides trough rim of described groove 5 overlaps with circular knife radius, and the angle angle 16 ° of both sides trough rim.The corner angle circular arc of described groove 5 is arranged, and arc radius is 3mm.
All the other are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
The circular knife of embodiment 2 does not have howling, good operating stability when working, and workpiece processing quality is good, and otch section neatly smooth, nothing is torn.
Embodiment 3.
Ultrasonic vibration machining system resonance frequencies 20kHz, circular knife diameter D=102mm, circular knife thickness h=9mm, the circular knife of anterior angle θ=18 ゜ of circular knife anterior angle 4, cutter material is tool steel, elastic modulus E=2e11Pa, Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, density p=7800Kg/m3, can obtain the circular knife of radial fluting.Groove design concrete steps are.
(1) design circular knife structure chart, set up ANSYS model and carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife.
(2) from mode of oscillation, determine that the nodel line a of the distribution in circular knife diameter that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal is 2, as shown in Figure 5.
(3) there are two pitch circle b in circular knife circle distribution that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal in mode of oscillation, described groove 5 inner radius is less than minimum pitch circle b inner radius, and described groove 5 outer radius is greater than maximum pitch circle b outer radius, as shown in Figure 5.
(4) make circular knife and after radial fluting, by measuring and revise the resonant frequency obtained needed for reality, form a sound system with transducer, ultrasonic transformer 7 and screw 6.
Therefore, the circular knife structure obtained is as follows.
The angle of this enforcement circular knife anterior angle 4 equals 18 °.
Described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with 4 grooves 5.The both sides trough rim of described groove 5 overlaps with circular knife radius, and the angle angle 14 ° of both sides trough rim, the corner angle circular arc of described groove 5 is arranged.
All the other are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
The circular knife of embodiment 3 does not have howling, good operating stability when working, and workpiece processing quality is good, and otch section neatly smooth, nothing is torn.
In the technical program, described groove 5 can also be circular port, polygonal hole, beading hole or arcuation elongated hole
Or other equivalent figures, as shown in Figure 7.
The present invention is illustrated according to embodiment, and under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, this device can also make some distortion and improvement, as calculated mode of oscillation by analytic method or transformed matrix method.It should be pointed out that and all drop on the technical scheme that all employings are equal to replacement or the mode such as equivalent transformation and obtain in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. be applied to a method for designing for the circular knife of ultrasonic wave processing, it is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
(A) described circular knife comprises integrated boss (1) and disk (3), described boss (1) central authorities are provided with installing hole (2), described disk (3) and boss (1) are coaxially arranged, and described disk (3) edge is provided with circular knife anterior angle (4);
Determine circular knife material, elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio μ, density p and anterior angle θ, design circular knife size: circular knife radius R, circular knife thickness h; And calculate the resonant frequency of circular knife:
Wherein,---resonant frequency (Hz); R---circular knife radius (mm); H---circular knife thickness (mm); μ---pool mulberry coefficient; E---elastic modelling quantity (Pa); ρ---density (Kg/m
3); B
ns---vibration shape constant;
In ANSYS Finite Element Analysis Modeling, set up the threedimensional model of circular knife, according to designing requirement setup unit type and material properties, then stress and strain model is carried out to threedimensional model, form FEM model; Carry out finite element analysis, calculate the mode of oscillation of circular knife thus;
(B) from mode of oscillation, determine the nodel line (a) of the distribution in circular knife diameter that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal;
(C) if there is the Oscillation Amplitude pitch circle (b) in circular knife circle distribution less than normal in mode of oscillation, then groove (5) is offered at nodel line (a) and pitch circle (b) overlapping; If there is not pitch circle (b) in mode of oscillation, then on nodel line (a), arrange groove (5), described groove (5) is radially radial to be uniformly distributed.
2. a kind of method for designing of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (C), if there is the pitch circle (b) in circular knife circle distribution that Oscillation Amplitude is less than normal in mode of oscillation, described groove (5) inner radius is less than minimum pitch circle (b) inner radius, and described groove (5) outer radius is greater than maximum pitch circle (b) outer radius; If there is not pitch circle (b) in mode of oscillation, groove (5) inner radius is more than or equal to 1/2nd of circular knife radius, and groove (5) outer radius is less than or equal to 4/5ths of circular knife radius.
3. a kind of method for designing of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described method also comprises:
(D) make circular knife and after radial fluting, by measuring and revise the resonant frequency obtained needed for reality, form a sound system with transducer, ultrasonic transformer and screw.
4. adopt the circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing of method for designing described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described circular knife is radial radial is evenly distributed with groove (5), and described groove (5) quantity is even number.
5. a kind of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described circular knife is threaded with ultrasonic transformer (7) by screw (6), the nut thickness of described screw (6) is less than boss (1) highly, and nut top does not exceed circular knife lower plane.
6. a kind of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: the both sides trough rim of described groove (5) overlaps with circular knife radius, and the angle angle=16 ° of both sides trough rim, the edges and corners circular arc of described groove (5) is arranged, and radius of the radian is at 1mm ~ 3mm.
7. a kind of according to claim 4 or 5 is applied to the circular knife of ultrasonic wave processing, it is characterized in that: described groove (5) is circular port, polygonal hole, beading hole or arcuation elongated hole.
8. a kind of circular knife being applied to ultrasonic wave processing according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the angular range of described circular knife anterior angle (4) is for being more than or equal to 10 ° and being less than or equal to 18 °.
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| CN114274210B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-04-05 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultrasonic lace scribing and cutting disc cutter for wave-absorbing honeycomb finish machining and disc cutter assembly |
| CN117124371B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-03-15 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Ultrasonic disc cutter and processing method thereof |
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