CN103108739A - 具有坚固耐用插入件的流体输送组件 - Google Patents

具有坚固耐用插入件的流体输送组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103108739A
CN103108739A CN2011800449246A CN201180044924A CN103108739A CN 103108739 A CN103108739 A CN 103108739A CN 2011800449246 A CN2011800449246 A CN 2011800449246A CN 201180044924 A CN201180044924 A CN 201180044924A CN 103108739 A CN103108739 A CN 103108739A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pipeline
insert
cpvc
fluid delivery
intermediate layer
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Pending
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CN2011800449246A
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English (en)
Inventor
K·M·希拉森
K·B·多尔蒂
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Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc
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Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc
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Publication of CN103108739A publication Critical patent/CN103108739A/zh
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种流体输送组件，该流体输送组件提供流体传送所通过的导管。该流体导管包括管道，该管道具有CPVC材料的环形内层（2）、金属材料的环形中间层（3）和CPVC材料的环形外层（4）。管道使用插入件（9）进行连接，该插入件与连接器以粘固方式接合。这些插入件构造为抑制在高压下的变形，这减小由于流体渗入这些层之间而导致管道的这些层分离的风险。

Description

具有坚固耐用插入件的流体输送组件
技术领域
本发明总体涉及一种具有坚固耐用插入件的流体输送组件，所述插入件构造为装配在CPVC管道中。
背景技术
按照规定要求许多建筑物具有喷淋灭火系统。此外，住宅结构越来越多地设有灭火系统。氯化聚氯乙烯（“CPVC”）管道系统理想地适合于喷淋灭火系统应用，因为它们的耐腐蚀性、材料轻、易于安装以及其它期望的性质。CPVC管道可呈现多层复合管道的形式。图8图示了一种包括多层复合管道30的流体输送组件29。每条多层复合管道30可包括：CPVC内层32；金属中间层34，该中间层至少部分地环绕内层32；以及CPVC外层36，该外层至少部分地环绕中间层34。优选地，金属中间层34完全环绕内层32，并且外层36完全环绕中间层34。多层复合管道30均衡了金属管道的性质和仅仅包括CPVC的CPVC管道的性质。CPVC管道系统还可包括将多层复合管道端对端地连接在一起的装配件38、39。所述装配件可包括插入件，所述插入件在此可替代地指的是衬套38。每个插入件38可包括凸缘40和端部开口的中空主体，该主体被插入到所述多层复合管道之一中，该凸缘40径向向外延伸并且环绕多层复合管道30的开口端部的边缘。
当流体在高压下流过管道30时，凸缘40的变形使得压力落在凸缘40后面。该压力可在各层之间渗透，并且使CPVC外层36分层，以及将多层复合管道30的其它层相对于外层36向下游推动，从而在管道上产生了不期望的分层的鼓泡区域42，如图8中所示。因此，存在对可避免该问题的耐用的流体输送组件的需要，所述耐用的流体输送组件具有构造为将多个多层复合管道连接在一起的装配件。
发明内容
一个示例性实施例包括一种流体输送组件，该流体输送组件包括第一管道。第一管道包括：内层，该内层包含CPVC合成物；中间层，该中间层包含金属，至少部分地并且优选完全地环绕内层；以及外层，该外层包含CPVC合成物，至少部分并且优选完全地环绕中间层。该流体输送组件还包括第一插入件，该第一插入件具有端部开口的中空圆筒形本体，该圆筒形本体具有从所述端部开口的中空圆筒形本体的一端部向外扩展的延伸凸缘。该圆筒形本体具有小于第一管道的内直径的外直径，以使得插入件装配在第一管道内部。该凸缘构造为在作用在第一管道中的流体压力处于551psi或者更小时不可变形。
在示例性实施例的另一方面中，流体输送装置包括插入件，该插入件具有端部开口的中空圆筒形本体，该圆筒形本体具有从所述端部开口的中空圆筒形本体的一端部向外径向延伸的延伸凸缘。该圆筒形本体具有小于管道的内直径的外直径，以使得插入件可在管道内部延伸。插入件（衬套）优选地具有稍微渐缩的外直径，以使得在凸缘附近的外直径大于远离该凸缘的外直径。相对于水平方向，锥度通常从大约0.4°到4°。该锥度有助于衬套粘附到管道中，这是因为该锥形在衬套插入到管道中时保持粘合剂不被移除。该管道包括：内层，该内层包含CPVC合成物；以及中间层，该中间层包含金属，至少部分且优选完全地环绕内层。该管道还包括外层，该外层包含CPVC合成物，至少部分且优选完全地环绕中间层。该凸缘构造为在管道中流体流动压力大约551psi或更小时不可变形。
示例性实施例的其它方面将在下述具体实施例和所附的权利要求书中变得明显。
附图说明
当结合所附的附图进行阅读时，前述的发明内容以及示例性实施例的下述详细描述将得到更好的理解。为了说明的目的，在附图中示出了某些示例性实施例。然而，应理解的是，本发明并不限于附图中所示或在此所描述的明确的布置和手段：
图1是一个示例性实施例的流体输送组件的复合管道的局部图；
图1A是该示例性实施例的流体输送组件的被弯曲的复合管道的局部图；
图2是流体输送组件的示出了在没有连接在一起的插入件和装配件的情况下的多层复合管道的图；
图3A、3B和3C是流体输送组件的插入式衬套的示意图，该插入式衬套用于将多层复合管道和装配件连接起来。
图4是连接在一起的插入式衬套和多层复合管道的横截面图；
图5是用来制造多层复合管道的一个可能实施例的示意图；
图6A和6B是可使用的变型装配件的横截面图；
图7是示例性实施例的流体输送组件的示出了多层复合管道、装配件和插入件的横截面图；以及
图8是现有技术的流体输送系统的横截面图。
具体实施方式
现在转向附图，示例性实施例是如图7中所示的流体输送组件11，其包括多层复合管道1、装配件7以及插入件或衬套9。如图1中所示，多层复合管道1包括：内层2，该内层形成为中空导管；金属中间层3，该中间层环绕内层2；以及外层4，该外层由非晶态热塑性聚合物构成，该外层环绕金属中间层。粘合剂层5在内层2的外表面与金属中间层3的内表面之间延伸。第二粘合剂层6在金属中间层3的外表面与外层4的内表面之间延伸。
中空内导管由一段中空的管道形成，该管道具有完全封闭的管状外表面以及相对的封闭管状内表面。中空内导管或者由刚性的半晶态热塑性塑料制成，或者由刚性的非晶态热塑性塑料制成。
刚性的非晶态热塑性材料是一种可被延展超过其屈服点的热塑性材料。在此所使用的刚性的非晶态热塑性塑料是一种当按照ASTM试验方法D790、D638或D882测试时具有在大于300,000psi的压力、在23℃的温度和在50%相对湿度下的弹性模量（或者在弯曲时或者在拉伸时）的热塑性材料。通常，非晶态聚合物具有小于百分之十五的结晶度。非晶态热塑性聚合物方面的进一步信息在Alfrey,Jr.,Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers（高聚合物的机械性能）,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.，(New York,1965)第510-515页中可找到。
可用于形成在此所限定的第一层的一些合适的非晶态热塑性塑料的实例包括氯化聚氯乙烯（“CPVC”）、聚氯乙烯（“PVC”）、聚偏二氟乙烯（“PVDF”）、聚醚砜和聚苯硫化物（polyphenyl sulfide）、聚碳酸酯、诸如甲基丙烯酸甲酯的丙烯酸、以及诸如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（“ABS”）的苯乙烯类（styrenics）。最优选的非晶态热塑性塑料是CPVC。
通常，中空内导管的厚度将取决于热塑性复合管道的最终期望厚度。优选地，中空内导管的外直径将比管道的孔大至少0.1mm。用于形成中空内导管的最优选的非晶态热塑性塑料是CPVC。在一个示例性实施例中，CPVC层是金属中间层的1倍到2倍厚。在最优选的实施例中，CPVC层厚度是金属中间层厚度的1.5倍。在最优选的实施例中，形成中空内导管的CPVC具有约0.6mm的厚度。中空内导管优选地通过挤压方法而形成，尽管任何其它适当的方法也可用来形成该中空内导管。
在内层2的外表面与金属中间层3的内表面之间所使用的第一粘合剂层是可用来将形成中空内导管的热塑性聚合物永久地结合到金属中间层3的任何合适的结合剂。粘合剂是必需的，这是因为该中空内导管自身的热塑性材料通常并不会结合到金属的内层。优选地，因为该两层之间材料的差异，该结合剂可适于不同的热膨胀系数。该粘合剂可以任何方式被喷洒、挤、刷或涂敷到中空内导管的外表面上。如果粘合剂被喷洒，若厂家如此推荐的话，则该粘合剂可被稀释。第一粘合剂优选地被涂敷到内层的整个外表面。可替代地，第一粘合剂层可被涂敷成一系列环，所述一系列环围绕内层的外表面均匀地间隔开。通常，第一粘合剂被涂敷成形成具有大约0.01mm到大约0.5mm厚度的层。第一粘合剂层的优选厚度是大约0.1mm。用于涂敷粘合剂的最优选方法是在使金属中间层3接触内层2或外层4之前将粘合剂涂到金属中间层3的两侧。
第一粘合剂可以是任何适当的粘合剂材料。适当的粘合剂的一些实例包括聚氯乙烯和聚氯乙烯共聚物、聚亚安酯或其它的异氰基聚合物、氯丁二烯及其共聚物、环氧化物、丙烯酸盐、聚乙烯共聚物。如果使用聚乙烯共聚物的话，则优选的是共聚用单体是醋酸乙烯酯或马来酸酐。当用于连接CPVC中空内导管时，优选的粘合剂层是涂敷到金属层两侧上的粘合剂。该粘合剂在商业上从法国的Mercural Corp.of Colmar获得，并且被称为CIRE-10B。该粘合剂被认为是从以下中选择的双层粘合剂：（i）热固性环氧树脂，其具有用于底层的高分子量聚酯粘合剂以及热敏交联的聚亚安酯顶部涂层，（ii）苯乙酮-甲醛树脂，其可选地用环氧树脂进行改性，以及（iii）基于环氧改性高分子量共聚酯-聚氨酯聚合物的防腐蚀底层以及基于高分子量交联共聚酯-聚氨酯聚合物的顶部涂层。金属层上的双层胶粘剂在被用于构造复合管道之前被干燥以形成无溶剂的干粘合剂。该粘合剂具有从大约10微米到大约50微米的厚度。该粘合剂通过加热到48.9℃（120°F）以上的温度而被热激活。该热激活在生产该管道的过程期间发生。
多层复合管道的中间层3可由任何适当的金属材料形成，只要其拉伸强度大于塑料的拉伸强度。适当的金属中间层的一些实例包括亚铁材料、铜、不锈钢、黄铜和铝材料。此外，也可使用合金，只要它们对用来形成复合管道结构的内层和外层的热塑性材料提供支撑即可。
金属中间层3优选地由平滑的金属材料制成。通常，金属中间层的厚度应该处于0.01-40mm的范围内。优选地，该厚度可处于0.1mm到4.0mm的范围内，并且更优选地具有大约0.3mm到大约1.5mm的厚度。对于铝来说，最优选的值是大约0.4mm。对于钢金属层来说，优选的厚度是大约1.0mm。金属中间层可呈现具有开口端部的导管的形式，其环绕中空内导管。可替代地，正如下面进一步描述的，金属中间层可由围绕中空内导管卷绕的金属片形成。该金属片材料可通过诸如焊接的方法而连接在一起。当期望制造可弯曲的管道时，用于金属中间层的最优选材料是铝。对于不可弯的管道，诸如喷淋灭火器管道，优选使用的金属是钢。如果该金属层未被焊接，则在将其围绕内层2布置时可将其叠置。金属中间层可由于金属以一角度缠绕或者金属只是相对侧彼此邻接的简单重叠而叠置。优选地，当使用铝时，厚度处于多层复合管道的外直径的0.5%到5.0%范围内。在最优选的实施例中，铝层为大约0.4mm厚，钢层为大约1.0mm厚。
第二粘合剂层用在多层复合管道中，并且布置在中间层3的外表面上。用在中间层中的这种粘合剂可以是可用于永久性地将金属中间层的外表面结合到热塑性外层4的内表面上的任何适当的结合剂。优选地，由于这两层之间材料的差异，该结合剂可适合于不同的热膨胀系数。该结合剂可以任何方式被喷洒、刷、挤出或涂敷到该表面上。该粘合剂可被涂敷到中间层3的整个外部表面上。可替代地，粘合剂层可被涂敷成一系列环，所述一系列环围绕第二材料的外表面均匀地间隔开。该粘合剂通常被涂敷成大约0.01mm到大约0.5mm厚，优选地，大约0.1mm厚。与如上所述的第一粘合剂层一样地，最优选的方法是将粘合剂涂敷到金属层的两个侧面上。
该第二粘合剂层优选地与用在中空内导管的外表面与第二层的内表面之间的第一粘合剂层相同。可替代地，只要在金属中间层的外表面与第三层的内表面之间建立结合，则该粘合剂也可以是不同的。适当的粘合剂的一些实例包括聚氯乙烯和聚氯乙烯共聚物、聚亚安酯或其它的异氰基聚合物、氯丁二烯及其共聚物、环氧化物、丙烯酸盐。当第三层是氯化聚氯乙烯时，优选的粘合剂层是来自Mercural Corp.的如上所述用于第一粘合剂层的CIRE-10B。用于第二粘合剂层的涂敷方法以及厚度与如上针对第一粘合剂层所述的一样。
正如上面所限定的，多层复合管道的外层由硬质塑料形成。优选地，该外层由硬质塑料组成，该硬质塑料是非晶态热塑性聚合物。正如在此所限定的，可用于形成多层复合管道的外层的适当的非晶态热塑性塑料包括氯化聚氯乙烯（“CPVC”）、聚氯乙烯（“PVC”）、聚偏二氟乙烯（“PVDR”）、聚醚砜和聚苯硫化物、聚碳酸酯、诸如甲基丙烯酸甲酯的丙烯酸、和诸如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（“ABS”）的苯乙烯类。在一个示例性实施例中，多层复合管道的外层可由与中空内导管相同的材料制成。可替代地，在一些实施例中，如果内层由非晶态热塑性材料制成的话，则外层可由与形成中空导管的内层不同的非晶态热塑性材料制成。然而，在选择材料方面必须小心地进行，以确保多层复合管道可连接在一起以形成复合系统。通常，外层的厚度将取决于多层复合管道的最终期望厚度。优选地，外层的厚度与金属中间层的厚度相比将具有在1:5到5:1范围内的比例。优选地，外层的厚度在与金属中间层的厚度相比时处于1:3到3:1的比例。在多层复合管道的最优选实施例中，外层由CPVC形成。在最优选的实施例中，CPVC外层和内层均具有大约0.6mm的厚度。如果复合管道预期是可弯曲的，则CPVC的内层和外层将不会大于大约3.18mm（0.125"），厚度大于大约3.18mm的CPVC在弯曲半径处具有断裂趋势。同样，内层和外层的厚度将不会小于大约0.6mm，因为小于大约0.6mm的厚度将太薄而无法可靠地进行液状粘固。如果复合管道预期是不可弯曲的，诸如使用钢金属层、CPVC内层和外层的喷淋灭火器管道，其可比可弯曲管道更厚。最小厚度对于确保如上所述的良好液状粘固的管道来说仍是必需的。
优选地，多层流体导管设置有符合标称管道或管路的外部尺寸的外直径，该标称管道或管路的外部尺寸可以是铜管路尺寸（CTS）或铁管道尺寸（IPS），例如，ASTM F438或SDR11所规定的或者ASTMD2846或其他ASTM标准或DIN8063和8079标准和/或BS7291标准所规定的Schedule40和/或80。这是优选的，以使得装配件可用在该示例性实施例的多层流体导管系统中。管道和管路具有根据所规定的外直径所通常设定的尺寸。与该管道和管路一起使用的装配件的尺寸固有地与将要接收在装配件中的管道的标准外直径相关。对该示例性实施例的多层复合管道的尺寸方面的仅有限制是如果期望弯曲的话则能够弯曲该管道。这意味着复合管道的直径不能够太大而使得该复合管道结构不能弯曲。在图1A中示出了该示例性实施例的弯曲管道的示意性实例。然而，无论该流体是气体或液体或者泥浆，所有层应该足够厚以便为流体导管系统中复合管道的预期应用提供一种安全防漏系统所需要的强度和刚度。
一个示例性实施例包括一种多层复合管道，其中形成中空导管的内层2由CPVC制成。金属中间层3是铝箔，并且外层4也是CPVC。铝层的厚度等于多层复合管道的外直径的大约1%到大约5%。下面所列出的表显示了不同的管道尺寸。这些层的计量以及总计量以mm为单位列出。管道尺寸基于DIN8079标准。
Figure BDA00002933010100081
最优选地，铝层是管道外直径的1.5%。管道中的每个CPVC层的厚度与铝层厚度的比值是1:5到3:1。最优选地，在优选的多层复合管道中的CPVC厚度与铝厚度的比值是3:2。在示例性实施例中在金属中间层的两个侧面上所使用的粘合剂是与CPVC相兼容的粘合剂，诸如如上更加详细地描述的可从Mercural Corp.获得的CIRE-10B。
图2示意性地示出了包含有多层复合导管的示例性实施例的流体导管系统的一部分。该示例性实施例的多个多层复合管道通过多个接头和/或装配件7而端对端地连结起来。这些接头和/或装配件包括但并不限于：适配器、直通接头、弯头、衬套、十字管、盖、塞子、法兰和/或管子接头。
在一个实施例中，装配件或机械接头可用于连接多层复合管道。可使用的机械接头的实例包括推入配合式装配件，以提供防漏接头或者提供防漏组件。适当的推入配合式装配件的实例包括来自于GenovaPlastics的通用装配件（Universal fitting），和来自于John Guest的部件PI（Part PI），以及来自于IMI Yorkshire fittings的直通接头TI（Straight Coupling TI）。
对于非机械类型的装配件，可使用液状粘固剂。可使用适于形成多层复合管道和装配件的特定材料的任何液状粘固剂。可替代地，热熔合结合系统可用来将装配件与多层复合管道连接起来。这些系统以在ASTM F412中热熔连接的定义进行了描述。可使用任何适当的热熔合结合方法。图2和7中所示出的装配件7通常包括中空的圆筒形本体14，其具有形成于主体的内表面18上的连续的环形平台（land）16，该环形平台径向向内延伸。
在另一个示例性实施例中，如图6A和6B中所述，装配件可被变型成包含唇部8，该唇部从装配件的内部轴向延伸出以配合地连接形成内层的中空管状导管的内表面。液状粘固剂材料可用来将这种类型的装配件连接到多层复合管道。虽然可使用这种类型的装配件，但对于液状粘固来说并不是优选的装配件，这是因为液状粘固剂的液力可阻止管道完全进入接头中（削弱了所得到的粘固连接）。
图3A、3B和3C示出了用于连接多层复合管道和装配件（圆锥形或者圆筒形）的示例性插入件或衬套9。插入件9包括端部开口、中空的圆筒形本体10，该圆筒形本体具有径向延伸的凸缘12，该凸缘从圆筒形本体10的端部向外扩展。但是，假如管道1的外直径和管道1的内直径的差异并不超过ASTM D2846中所建议的差异，则该插入件9的内部中空本体10的外直径应该稍微小于多层复合管道1的内直径。
示例性凸缘12被构造为具有与多层复合管道1相同的外直径。粘合剂可用来将多层复合管道的内表面永久性地结合到插入件9的中空圆筒形本体10的外表面。优选地，插入件9由与中空内导管2相同的材料制成。对于2英寸的IPS喷淋灭火器管道来说，该插入件9的凸缘12在轴向方向上的最小厚度大于0.056英寸，优选地大于0.1英寸。对于在直径方面高达4英寸的管道尺寸来说，图3A中通过线A所示的凸缘12的优选厚度是大约0.25英寸或者更多。对于较大直径的管道，凸缘12的厚度可能需要较厚，以承受所施加的作用力，尤其是如果在管道系统中存在高压，正如本领域的技术人员所公知的那样。例如，对于4英寸直径的管道（以及达到小于6英寸的中间尺寸）来说，凸缘12的厚度（线A）应该是大约0.25英寸到大约0.5英寸。对于6英寸直径的管道（以及小于8英寸的中间尺寸）来说，凸缘12的厚度应该是大约0.3英寸到0.6英寸，以及对于8英寸直径的管道（以及小于12英寸的中间尺寸）来说，凸缘12的厚度应该是大约0.4英寸到0.8英寸。凸缘12的厚度很大程度上取决于管道的设计承载压力以及管道的直径。凸缘12的厚度应该足够大以防止在管道需要承受的设计压力下变形。
图7图示了示例性流体输送组件11，其包括组装在一起的第一插入件和第二插入件9、装配件7以及多层复合的第一管道和第二管道1。第一插入件9的主体10被插入到第一管道1中，直到凸缘12邻接第一管道1的开口端部的环形边缘。同样地，第二插入件9的主体10被插入到第二管道1中，直到凸缘12邻接第二管道1的开口端部的环形边缘。诸如液状粘固剂的粘合剂可被涂敷到第一管道和第二管道1的中空内导管2与插入件9的中空圆筒形本体10之间，以如之前所提到的将插入件9结合到它们的相应管道1。连接用装配件7诸如利用液状粘固剂而被紧固到第一管道和第二管道1，以将它们连接到一起。装配件7的平台16被定位在第一插入件9的凸缘12与第二插入件9的凸缘12之间。每个凸缘12在凸缘12的外边缘处具有邻接装配件7的内表面18的外表面20。诸如液状粘固剂的粘合剂可被涂敷在凸缘12与装配件7之间，以将插入件9紧固到装配件7。
对使用了2英寸IPS尺寸喷淋灭火器管道组件（其使用了1.0mm钢层）的流体输送组件11进行的流通试验表明：对于（具有0.25英寸厚度）第一凸缘和第二凸缘12中的每一个凸缘，凸缘12在第一管道和第二管道中施加流体压力大约551psi持续6分钟时并不纵向变形。对流体输送组件11进行的另一流通试验表明：对于（具有0.25英寸厚度）的第一凸缘和第二凸缘12中的每一个凸缘，凸缘12在第一管道和第二管道1中施加大约403psi压力持续四个小时时并不纵向变形。对具有0.05英寸（现有技术）的凸缘12而进行了对比试验，如图8中所示，凸缘12确实纵向变形并且导致管道中的分层而产生鼓泡42。
该具有示例性构造的插入件9显著地减小了管道1外层4的上述分层的可能性以及在上述高流体压力情况下管道的其他层相对于外层4纵向向下游运动的可能性。这是由于凸缘12的包括较高轴向厚度的构造使得凸缘不容易变形。此外，该凸缘12的较高轴向厚度具有可结合到装配件7的内表面18的围绕凸缘12外周的相当大的表面面积。该相对较大的表面面积降低了闭锁的风险，该闭锁将使得压力向后迁移将外层4分层以及使管道1的其它层向下游移动。
在示例性实施例中所使用的用于将形成中空导管的内层2与插入件9的中空圆筒形本体10结合的液状粘固剂可以是任何可用于将它们永久性地结合到一起的适当结合剂。该液状粘固剂可以任何方式被喷洒、刷或者涂敷到插入件的外表面。可替代地，该液状粘固剂可被涂敷到中空内导管的内表面。只要能在所期望的表面之间建立适当强的结合，则可使用任何液状粘固剂。如果多层复合管道的第一层和第三层是CPVC，则该优选的粘合剂层符合ASTM F493的技术要求。适当的液状粘固剂的实例是CPVC液状粘固剂，其可从IPS、Oatey、Verhagen和/或Henkel获得。带有插入件的多层复合管道可使用结合剂而与装配件连接在一起，如图4的横截面图中所示。
适用于热塑性材料的任何类型的结合剂可用来将包含可选的插入件的多层复合管道与装配件连接起来，只要该结合剂将多层复合管道的表面永久性地结合到装配件的表面并且提供无泄漏连接即可。对于CPVC管道，示意性的结合剂包括单级（one-step）液状粘固剂以及双级（two-step）液状粘固剂。用于包含CPVC的多层复合管道的适当结合剂的实例包括符合ASTM F493的技术要求并且保持防漏性的那些结合剂。所述结合剂被直接施加并且适于在环境温度（0°F（-18℃)到210°F（99℃)）下使用。
在一个示例性实施例中，使用铝作为金属层的多层复合管道可以在从1°到180°之间弯曲。本发明的复合管道的结合度取决于管道的尺寸（直径）、金属层的厚度以及CPVC内层和CPVC外层的厚度。对于具有0.4mm铝层、0.6mmCPVC内层和外层的0.75英寸直径管道来说，该管道可以4.5英寸的弯曲半径而很容易弯曲到90°。该多层复合管道可通过用于形成小半径弯曲部的任何装置而进行弯曲，只要这些装置不会使该管道扭结即可。优选地，弯管机可用来弯曲多层复合管道结构。通常可使用本领域技术人员可获得的用于弯曲金属管道的弯管机。例如，可使用来自Lakeland Manufacturing Company的弯管机H824，以及来自Greenlee Company的Greenlee181弯管机。在图1A中示出了弯曲的复合管道。
在一个可替代的示例性实施例中，多层复合管道以及插入件被热熔合到装配件。也就是说，热塑性层被加热到的温度高于使材料变软的温度。复合管道的各层（以及插入件）然后被连接到装配件。可使用各种已知的适当热熔合技术。美国专利申请US2009/0139661A1详细示出了一种用于制造复合管道的方法，通过引用将其全部内容合并于本文。
图5以方块图示出了一种用于制造多层复合管道的方法的示例性步骤。执行这些步骤的机器可在商业上从Nexane Deutschland GmbH公司获得。
参见图5，示意性地图示了一种用于使用CPVC和金属内层来制造多层复合管道1的优选方法。流体输送组件11的其它部件，诸如插入件（衬套）、装配件等可利用适当构造的模子而通过传统注塑而制成。
除了修整两侧涂有粘合剂的金属条的边缘的修整步骤（该修整步骤可独立于其他处理步骤进行，只要是仅仅在将该金属条供给到金属成形和焊接步骤之前修整该金属条即可）之外，处理步骤是按次序进行的，如下所述：
挤出CPVC内层：
将CPVC合成物的粉末或球粒从漏斗供给到双螺杆挤压机，该双螺杆挤压机在从193℃到204℃（280℉到420°F）范围内的温度下操作，以生产出具有期望的厚度和外直径的挤出物。
冷却CPVC内层。
热的内层是在精整模和套筒中限定空间尺寸的，以将该内层的外直径控制在期望的界限内，并且通过管道模挤出以生产出薄壁管道。被限制尺寸的内层然后被冷却到在从21℃到37.74℃（70°F到100°F）范围内的温度。优选地，冷却的内层通过导纸辊而被拉出，以在内层被供给到金属成形和焊接机之前控制直径和厚度。
将金属条供给到修整机。
两侧面涂有粘合剂（优选地双层粘合剂，其被干燥以形成薄的干层，该干层具有在从10微米到50微米范围内的厚度）的金属条的边缘被刚好修整到期望的宽度。该金属片的修整是为了从将要焊接在一起的边缘去除任何氧化金属。因此，该修整步骤应该在围绕CPVC内层布置之前的10分钟内进行，优选地不长于1分钟。边缘处的氧化可能导致差的焊接。
成形和焊接金属条以形成中间金属层。
修整后的金属条在其进入成形和焊接机时是在CPVC内层导管正下方供给的。金属条围绕CPVC的内层形成，以使得修整后的边缘提供足够小的间隙（大约0.25mm（0.01英寸）），以使得适当强度的激光能够纵向地连续对焊该金属条，从而形成围绕CPVC内层的完全封闭的金属层。激光的强度可选择成不会由于CPVC内层的过热而损伤内层的聚合物，仍然提供了完全穿透金属厚度的焊接。
压紧CPVC内层和中间金属层的合成物。
为了确保CPVC内层与中间金属层的合成物的外直径保持在期望容许范围内，在一连串相对设置的凹槽辊中的每一个之间进行圆周压实。
加热已压实的CPVC内层和中间金属层的合成物。
已压实的CPVC内层和中间金属层的合成物在感应加热器中被加热到在从大约149℃到171℃（300°F到340°F）范围内的温度，以激活粘合剂并且将金属表面预热到金属要被涂有CPVC外层的温度。
挤出CPVC外层。
已加热的CPVC内层和中间金属层的合成物被供给到直角机头模的封闭前腔，在该处，恰好在使CPVC外层挤出到已加热的涂有粘合剂的金属上之前施加真空。处于31-56cm（12英寸到22英寸）汞范围内的真空在金属层周围产生负压，以便被挤出到金属层上的CPVC被强有力地吸附到涂有粘合剂的金属上，从而在CPVC在从193℃到204℃（300°F到450°F）范围内的温度下涂该粘合剂时确保粘合剂的活性和粘着结合。该模子确保CPVC外层的厚度被控制在期望的范围内。
冷却已完成的复合管道。
在被切断成一定长度管道或者被轧制成管道螺管之前，来自于直角机头模的热复合管道在冷却水槽中被冷却到室温。上述的这些步骤提出了一种制造复合管道的优选方法。其它的方法以及变型可用于在优选方法中所描述的步骤。
可替代地，在一些实施例中，预成形的刚性热塑性管道可涂有粘合剂。金属中间层可布置在涂有粘合剂的层上。然后将第二粘合剂层涂敷到金属中间层的外侧。然后，在金属中间层上挤出外层。可选择地，该第二粘合剂层以及热塑性层可使用共挤模而在一个步骤中共同挤出。
示例性实施例的多层复合管道具有塑料管道的相应塑性以及附加的期望性质的优点。例如，可在现场使用普通的齿轮刀具将多层复合管道切成任意长度。该切断端部优选地被去毛刺，并且，为了便于组装，可将一层或多层热塑性层倒角。不需要对管道端部开螺纹、开槽或进行其它破坏。结合剂被简单地涂敷到暴露出的热塑性层上的导管端部周围和/或涂敷到由暴露出的热塑性层所形成的装配件的暴露出的最内部表面上的导管端部周围。这些部件通过下述方式而连接起来：插入多层复合管道；使装配件处于开口端部中；以及进行扭转从而散布结合剂。所得到的已结合的连接将固化并且使用优选的结合剂在几分钟内能够支撑压力。
示例性实施例的多层复合管道和导管系统相对于已知的金属、塑料或复合管道系统在易于使用方面提供了显著的优点。多层复合管道与由相应材料制成的塑料管道相比在减小壁厚度的情况下提供了更大的强度和刚性。另外，多层复合管道的一个示例性实施例可通过弯管机而易于绕着急弯半径而弯曲，从而减小需要在流体导管系统中使用的接头数量。此外，多层复合管道可非常容易地连接到流体导管系统，而需要较少的熟练工人且不需要开螺纹设备、扩口设备、焊炬或卷边系统或其它费用高的机械装配连接系统。
存在示例性多层复合管道的许多应用。例如，该多层复合管道可用于流体导管系统，其包括但并不限于：热水器、喷淋灭火器系统、用于热水和冷水的厚层下安装装置、集中加热系统、压缩空气系统、抽送系统、气体输送、地板下取暖、工业流体系统以及厚层下加热系统。
实例
举出用来对使用本发明（实例1）的插入件（衬套）的流体输送组件与使用现有技术插入件（对比实例2）的相同流体输送组件进行比较的实例。在这两个实例中所使用的流体输送系统是使用2英寸直径（IPS尺寸）复合管道的喷淋灭火器系统，该复合管道由上述优选的方法制成。金属中间层是1.0mm厚的钢，并且该金属在两侧上涂有双层粘合剂，该双层粘合剂被确定为来自Mercural Corp.的CIRE-10B。CPVC的内层和外层是可从Lubrizol Advanced Materials获得的商标名为
Figure BDA00002933010100161
的标准CPVC管道合成物。该CPVC内层的厚度和CPVC外层的厚度均是0.6mm。管道、装配件和插入件通过标准CPVC液状粘固剂进行连接。流体输送组件将水用作流体在551psi的压力下试验6分钟，以及在403psi的压力下试验4小时。
实例1
该实例使用在该流体输送组件中具有0.248英寸厚的凸缘厚度的插入件（衬套）。按照ASTM D2846，该流体输送组件在暴露于551psi压力下持续6分钟以及在403psi压力下持续4小时之后通过试验。在复合管道上没有观察到分层。为了更仔细检测分层，该管道在装配件区域中被纵向地切断，没有发现分层。
实例2（对比实例）
除了所使用的插入件（衬套）具有0.056英寸的凸缘厚度之外，该对比实例与实例1相同。在使系统承受如实例1中相同的压力测试之后，在恰好经过装配件的合成物的外部（如图7中由附图标记42所指示的），发现了鼓泡或者鼓包。在纵向切断该管道时，发现鼓泡是由金属层与外部CPVC层之间的粘合剂结合处分层所导致的。插入件的凸缘被扭曲并且不再垂直于插入件的中空主体。这使得加压水长期从凸缘区域迁移到金属层与CPVC层之间的结合处。较薄的带凸缘的插入件没有通过规定的测试。该实例表明插入件的凸缘必须具有大于0.056英寸的厚度。
在上述描述中，为了简洁、清楚和理解，已经使用了一些术语，然而，并没有暗含不必要的限制，因为这些术语是用于进行描述的并且旨在作广义解释。此外，在此所进行的描述和说明是通过举例方式进行的，并且示例性实施例并不限于所示和所述的明确细节。
在下列的权利要求书中，描述为执行功能的装置的任何特征将被解释为包含本领域技术人员所已知的能够执行所述功能的任何装置，且并不限于在此所示的特征和结构或者仅其等同物。本文所包括的摘要中所包含的示例性实施例的描述将不被认为是将本发明限制为在此所描述的特征。
已经描述本发明的特征、发明点和原理，可获得构造和操作的方式以及优点和有益结果；在所附的权利要求中提出了新的且有用的结构、装置、元件、布局、部件、组合、系统、设备、操作、方法以及关系。

Claims (16)

1.一种流体输送组件，包括：
第一管道，所述第一管道包括：
内层，所述内层包含CPVC合成物；中间层，所述中间层包含金属，至少部分地环绕内层；和外层，所述外层包含CPVC合成物，至少部分地环绕中间层；以及
第一插入件，所述第一插入件具有端部开口的中空圆筒形本体，其中，该圆筒形本体包括延伸的凸缘部分，该延伸的凸缘部分从所述端部开口的中空圆筒形本体的一端部向外径向延伸，并且该圆筒形本体包括延伸部分，所述延伸部分具有小于第一管道的内直径的外直径，以使得插入件的延伸部分在第一管道内部延伸，所述延伸的凸缘部分被构造为具有足够的尺寸，以便在第一管道中流体压力根据ASTMD2846高达大约551psi持续6分钟随后在403psi下持续4小时且同时在这两个压力下处于180°F时纵向不可变形（因此防止在所述第一管道中的分层）。
2.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，其中，对于2英寸的管道尺寸来说，所述凸缘部分具有大于0.056英寸的径向厚度。
3.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，所述流体输送组件还包括：
第二管道，所述第二管道包括：内层，所述内层包含CPVC合成物；中间层，所述中间层包含金属，至少部分地环绕内层；和外层，所述外层包含CPVC合成物，至少部分地环绕中间层；
装配件；以及
第二插入件，所述第二插入件具有端部开口的中空第二圆筒形本体，其中，所述中空第二圆筒形本体包括延伸的第二凸缘部分，所述第二凸缘部分从所述端部开口的中空第二圆筒形本体的一端部径向向外延伸，并且所述中空第二圆筒形本体包括第二延伸部分，所述第二延伸部分具有小于第二管道的内直径的外直径，以使得第二插入件的第二延伸部分在第二管道内部延伸，第二插入件的所述延伸的第二凸缘部分被构造为具有足够的尺寸，以便在第二管道中流体压力根据ASTM D2846在大约551psi下持续6分钟随后在403psi下持续4小时且同时在这两种压力下处于180℉下时纵向不可变形（因此防止了在所述第一管道中的分层），
其中，装配件接合第一管道和第二管道，从而将第一管道和第二管道以流体密封方式连接在一起。
4.如权利要求3所述的流体输送组件，其中，对于2英寸的管道尺寸来说，所述第二凸缘部分具有大于0.056英寸的径向厚度。
5.如权利要求3所述的流体输送组件，其中，第一凸缘部分和第二凸缘部分中的每一个凸缘部分具有各自的环形外表面，所述装配件是中空的且包括内部环形装配表面，每一个凸缘部分的外表面与所述内部环形装配表面固定地接合。
6.如权利要求3所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述插入件、所述管道和所述装配件通过CPVC液状粘固剂连接在一起。
7.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述中间层是钢的。
8.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述中间层是铝的。
9.如权利要求7所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述钢具有大约1.0+/-0.3mm的厚度。
10.如权利要求8所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述铝具有大约0.4+/-0.2mm的厚度。
11.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述CPVC内层和所述CPVC外层均具有大约0.6mm到0.8mm的厚度。
12.如权利要求1所述的流体输送组件，其中，对于外直径为2英寸或更小的管道来说，所述插入件的凸缘部分具有大约0.15英寸或0.25英寸的最小厚度。
13.如权利要求3所述的流体输送组件，其中，所述插入件和所述装配件包括CPVC合成物，并且通过注塑而制成。
14.一种流体输送装置，包括：
第一管道，以及
插入件，所述插入件具有端部开口的中空圆筒形本体，其中，所述圆筒形本体包括从所述端部开口的中空圆筒形本体的一端部径向向外延伸出的延伸凸缘，所述圆筒形本体包括延伸部分，所述延伸部分的外直径小于管道的内直径，以使得延伸部分被构造成在第一管道内部延伸，
其中，所述第一管道包括内层和中间层，所述内层包含CPVC合成物，所述中间层包含金属，完全环绕内层，所述第一管道还包括外层，所述外层包含CPVC合成物，完全环绕中间层，
其中，所述凸缘部分被构造为具有足够尺寸，以便当第一管道中的流体压力按照ASTM D2846高达大约551psi持续6分钟并且随后在403psi下持续4小时且同时在这两个压力下处于180℉时纵向不可变形（因此防止了在所述第一管道中的分层）。
15.如权利要求14所述的流体输送装置，其中，所述插入件的所述端部开口的中空圆筒形本体相对于水平方向的斜度为从大约0.4°到大约4°。
16.如权利要求14所述的流体输送装置，其中，所述金属的中间层的两侧都涂有粘合剂。
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