CN103106347B - A kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution pollutes evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution pollutes evaluation method, the method has three large steps: step one: the foundation of soil attribute space distribution and non-point source pollution loading response relation, comprises typical little survey region selection, soil attribute space distribution, Typical Areas pollution of area source SWAT modeling and soil attribute and non-point source pollution loading space distribution response relation is set up; Step 2: regional soil sample collection to be evaluated and detection; Step 3: widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area load estimate.According to the present invention, on the basis of non-point source pollution loading response relation setting up soil attribute space distribution and modeling, only need obtain regional soil attribute space distribution situation, fast and effeciently can predict the load of this study area widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of estimation.It has good application prospect in pollution of area source administrative skill field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pollution of area source administrative skill field, relate to a kind of evaluation method of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of simple and fast, particularly relate to a kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution and pollute evaluation method.
Background technology
Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area refers in the Agricultural Activities such as farming operation, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, soil losses and agricultural wastes etc., in precipitation (irrigation) process, along with the hydrologic process such as rainwash and underground leakage, Residual contamination material flows into water body, and then pollutes.Our space and time difference of water resource and the agricultural production of high strength exacerbate the degree of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, below industrial point source and domestic pollution source are controlled effectively, the contribution rate in source is to 40%-65%, in the urgent need to effectively estimating widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and managing.
In the pollution of area source research of present stage, it is management assessment means main that field is monitored on the spot with modeling.That is familiar with pollution of area source along with people progressively gos deep into, and finds that source, face has the features such as randomness, popularity, hysteresis quality, uncertainty.Carry out field and monitor the intensive monitoring often needing long time scale and space scale on a large scale on the spot, labour intensity increase, efficiency reduction, cycle stretch-out, cost consumption are large, make the acquisition of basic data comparatively difficult.Therefore, it is only in most cases as a kind of supplementary means that field is monitored on the spot in pollution of area source research, is mainly used in the checking of all kinds of area model and the correction of model parameter.Modeling, carrying out in the quantitative research of pollution of area source and effect appraise and pollution control, is more direct and effective research method.The advantage of model be can when do not need field on the spot pollution of area source Monitoring Data, by ready-made data such as weather, landform, Land_use change, farmland managements, simulation in Time and place sequence is carried out to pollution of area source, intuitively can estimate load and the space distribution of pollution of area source.Modeling is monitored on the spot compared to field, there are the advantages such as workload is little, basic data easily obtains, visual result is credible, but also there is the defect of self in modeling: first, modeling each time still needs detailed meteorology, Land_use change, hydrographic data to support, in pollution of area source simulation in Cross Some Region Without Data, data are bottlenecks of restriction modeling; 2. model is the approximate simulation to reality, because the design of model itself and mechanism defect and various uncertain factor are on the impact of modeling precision, and can not accomplishing reality simulation very of modeling.
In view of these two kinds of pollution of area source evaluation methods have its respective limitation, therefore, in order to estimate widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area load more effectively and quickly, be necessary to monitor on the spot in the wild with modeling outside, set up a kind of effective evaluation method easily: on the representative region analog basis that data are full and accurate, the response relation of Modling model phosphorus POLLUTION SIMULATION result and soil attribute space distribution, at similar area by the anti-load pushing away agricultural area source phosphorus and pollute of soil attribute space distribution situation that is existing or that monitor on the spot.
Summary of the invention
1, object: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution and pollute evaluation method, according to the present invention, on the basis of non-point source pollution loading response relation setting up soil attribute space distribution and modeling, only need obtain regional soil attribute space distribution situation, fast and effeciently can predict the load of this study area widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of estimation.
2, technical scheme: the present invention realizes by following technical proposals:
A kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution of the present invention pollutes evaluation method, and the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the foundation of soil attribute space distribution and non-point source pollution loading response relation
(1) typical little survey region is selected
The selection of the little survey region of typical case is the first step of embodiment of the present invention, is also a crucial step.Typical little study area should possess following several essential characteristics: 1. region is comparatively typical, possesses the essential characteristics such as the landform of studied large regions, weather, the hydrology, contains all soil types of large regions, Land_use change kind; 2. region meteorology, topography and geomorphology, hydrographic data are complete, and modeling precision is high; 3. the complete or traffic convenience pedotheque of existing Soil attribute data easily obtains.The zonule simultaneously with above three kinds of features can be chosen as the cross-section study district setting up soil attribute and non-point source pollution loading space distribution and respond.
(2) soil attribute space distribution
After little study area is selected, need to do detailed analysis to the space distribution of soil attribute in study area.The collection work of data is the core procedures in this step.Generally, preserve a large amount of soil primary attribute data in the agricultural sector of locality, these data enough do the spatial distribution analysis of soil attribute.If available data is incomplete, need to carry out sample analysis to the soil in study area on the spot.The acquisition method of soil sample adopts grid to layout, the typical field that selected interference is less in grid, record its longitude and latitude, around landforms, last year long-term cropping kind and the gradient etc., and adopt S route to carry out the collection of topsoil.Measuring is carried out to the basic physical and chemical of soil and the soil attribute such as nutrient and the heavy metal element index of correlation such as the soil organism, nitrogen phosphorus.After soil data records, adopt spatial interpolation methods in GIS to carry out space interpolation to soil attribute, obtain space distribution information.Space interpolation is the mathematical method estimating unknown spatial data value according to known spatial data, has been applied to interpolation method mainly Kriging interpolation and the BP neural network of spatial variation of soil nutrient content research.This research is recommended to select Kriging method to carry out space interpolation to the organic matter of regional soil and the attribute such as nitrogen, phosphorus, obtains the Soil attribute data layer with Spatial continual data.
(3) Typical Areas pollution of area source SWAT modeling
By to the investigation about local department and peasant household, supplement and arrange relevant capital goods in the agricultural sector, comprise regional agriculture production status, fill with row's mode, fertilization mode and social and economic condition etc.; The data of agricultural weather aspect, collection research district, for data analysis provides background meteorological data; Operation environment remote sensing technology, decipher LandsatTM data acquisition study area land-use map, the spatial distribution characteristic of various Land_use change in analyzed area, the Land Use Database needed for Modling model; Based on the 1:100 ten thousand soil types distribution plan that Chinese Academy of Sciences's Nanjing soil provides, in conjunction with on-site soil specimen test, Soil Database needed for Modling model.
After model database is set up, use hydrological distribution model SWAT as source, face simulation tool, by data input model systems such as soil attribute, Land_use change and meteorologies, after carrying out suitable parameter calibration and adjustment, spatial and temporal distributions simulation is carried out to source, the face phosphorus pollutional load of study area.
(4) soil attribute and non-point source pollution loading space distribution response relation are set up
Main source due to widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is paddy field and dry land, by corresponding with the pollution of area source result of modeling for each soil attribute that these two kinds of land use patterns account for the sub basin of main advantage, utilize the method for principal component analysis (PCA) to find out and can pollute for estimation source, face phosphorus the several properties that maximum quantity of information is provided, set up the response relation between soil attribute space distribution and pollution of area source on this basis.
Step 2: regional soil sample collection to be evaluated and detection
Similar with (2) in step one, by history data collection and field experiment, draw the space distribution situation of the soil attribute filtered out in step one (4).
Step 3: widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area load estimate
Source, the face phosphorus pollutional load of survey region is estimated according to the space distribution of the soil attribute filtered out and response relation.Filter out several soil attribute providing pollution of area source quantity of information maximum in (4) of step one, by the soil attribute regularity of distribution recorded in step 2, the situation of this region pollution of area source can have been estimated.
3, advantage and effect: a kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution of the present invention pollutes evaluation method, and its advantage is: one, and this method only need set up response relation, can be generalized in the pollution of area source estimation of similar area by it, simple and convenient; Its two, this method only needs collection in worksite and detects the load that soil attribute can estimate pollution of area source fast; Its three, this evaluation method, not exclusively based on simple digital simulation, has the Analysis on Mechanism of more deep layer, and result is comparatively accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area evaluation method based on soil attribute space distribution
Fig. 2 is sub basin face, paddy field source phosphorus pollutional load and soil attribute relation schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is source, dry land sub basin face phosphorus pollutional load and soil attribute relation schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is source, face phosphorus pollutional load and soil 0-20cm total phosphorus dependency diagram
Fig. 5 is source, face phosphorus pollutional load and soil 0-20cm zinc dependency diagram
Fig. 6 is source, face phosphorus pollutional load and soil 20-40cm chromium dependency diagram
Fig. 7 is source, face phosphorus pollutional load and soil 20-40cm copper dependency diagram
Embodiment
The pollution of area source evaluation method that the present invention proposes is a kind of from current soil attribute, by the response relation of the pollutional load result in conjunction with soil attribute and modeling, and the method for estimation non-point source pollution loading fast.
See Fig. 1, a kind of agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution of the present invention pollutes evaluation method, and the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one:
Present case selects typical commodity grain production base 859 farm, the Northeast Nei Abu Jiaohe small watershed to analyze as an example.The acquisition of soil attribute mainly arranges and on-site soil sample collection from the historical summary of farm soil in this example.Field sample collection is layouted with the grid of 1.5km within the scope of farm, acquire altogether 30 each two-layer (0-20cm of point, pedotheque 20-40cm), analyze and detect available phosphorus (Availablephosphorus, AP), total phosphorus (Totalphosphorus, TP), eight physical attributes such as total nitrogen (Totalnitrogen, TN), total potassium (TotalK, TK).By in conjunction with farm history soil data, space interpolation is carried out to soil attribute, obtain the spatial distribution characteristic of soil attribute.
Respectively by remote Sensing Interpretation, Data acquisition, and peasants participation, set up the soil needed for SWAT modeling, Land_use change, meteorology, farmland management database, on the basis of parameter calibration and checking, the face source phosphorus pollutional load of performance model to this region carries out spatial and temporal distributions simulation, export the analog result of mineral phosphor (SedimentP), organophosphorus (OrganicP), total phosphorus (TP) respectively, obtain the space distribution situation of these three kinds of Forms of Phosphorus pollutional loads.
In view of the statistic processes of 8 kinds of point two-layer soil attribute is more complicated, needing therefrom to filter out can the factor polluted of influence surface source phosphorus; In addition the main source of pollution of area source is paddy field and dry land again.Minimum unit finally using the sub basin of model partition as research, the model simulation results and the soil attribute spatial distribution data that these two kinds of land use patterns are accounted for each sub basin of main advantage carry out major component analysis, based on this, the MAIN SOILS attribute affecting phosphorus and pollute is excavated.Analysis result shows: the first two major component contribute to the quantity of information of 86.3%, 87.2% altogether on the top layer of paddy field and dry land, contribute to the quantity of information (see Fig. 2, Fig. 3) of 64.5% and 73.4% at secondary top layer (20-40cm) respectively.In paddy field part, AP, TP, SOC, Zn attribute on top layer can in order to estimate that source, face phosphorus pollutes, and can be used as estimate the factor reliably at secondary top layer Cu, Cr, SOC; In dry land part, TP, Zn can as the estimation factors on top layer, and Cu, Cr, AP are the main contributors on time top layer.All in all, TP and Zn on top layer, Cu and Cr on secondary top layer can as estimating this area surface source contaminated soil attribute fast.
The result of principal component analysis (PCA) can be verified by the correlationship 4 attribute screened and source, face phosphorus being polluted to two kinds of forms, this 4 attribute is all polluted with source, face phosphorus higher correlativity (see Fig. 4-Fig. 7), that is only need TP and Zn obtaining top layer in this region and similar area, the data of Cu and Cr on secondary top layer just generally can estimate source, the face phosphorus pollutional load in this region.
Step 2: regional soil sample collection to be evaluated and detection
Similar with (2) in step one, by history data collection and field experiment, draw the space distribution situation of the soil attribute filtered out in step one (4).
Step 3: widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area load estimate
Source, the face phosphorus pollutional load of survey region is estimated according to the space distribution of the soil attribute filtered out and response relation.Filter out several soil attribute providing pollution of area source quantity of information maximum in (4) of step one, by the soil attribute regularity of distribution recorded in step 2, the situation of this region pollution of area source can have been estimated.Here, only need obtain TP and Zn on the top layer as certain study area obtained in step one, the distributed data of Cu and Cr on secondary top layer, can obtain the space distribution situation of this region pollution of area source phosphorus load.
Claims (1)
1. the agricultural area source phosphorus based on soil attribute space distribution pollutes an evaluation method, it is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the foundation of soil attribute space distribution and non-point source pollution loading response relation
(1) typical little survey region is selected
The selection of the little survey region of typical case is a step of embodiment key; Typical little study area should possess following several essential characteristics: 1. region is comparatively typical, possesses the landform of studied large regions, weather and hydrology essential characteristic, contains all soil types of large regions, Land_use change kind; 2. region meteorology, topography and geomorphology, hydrographic data are complete, and modeling precision is high; 3. the complete or traffic convenience pedotheque of existing Soil attribute data easily obtains; The zonule simultaneously with above three kinds of features can be chosen as the cross-section study district setting up soil attribute and non-point source pollution loading space distribution and respond;
(2) soil attribute space distribution
After little study area is selected, need to do detailed analysis to the space distribution of soil attribute in study area; The collection work of data is the core procedures in this step, and preserve a large amount of soil primary attribute data in the agricultural sector of locality, these data enough do the spatial distribution analysis of soil attribute; If available data is incomplete, need to carry out sample analysis to the soil in study area on the spot, the acquisition method of soil sample adopts grid to layout, the typical field that selected interference is less in grid, record its longitude and latitude, around landforms, last year long-term cropping kind and the gradient, and adopt S route to carry out the collection of topsoil; Measuring is carried out to the basic physical and chemical of soil and the soil attribute index of correlation of the soil organism, nitrogen and phosphorus element and heavy metal element; After soil data records, adopt spatial interpolation methods in GIS to carry out space interpolation to soil attribute, obtain space distribution information; Space interpolation is the mathematical method estimating unknown spatial data value according to known spatial data, selects Kriging method to carry out space interpolation to the organic matter of regional soil and nitrogen, phosphorus attribute, obtains the Soil attribute data layer with Spatial continual data;
(3) Typical Areas pollution of area source SWAT modeling
By to the investigation about local department and peasant household, supplement and arrange relevant capital goods in the agricultural sector, comprise regional agriculture production status, fill with row's mode, fertilization mode and social and economic condition; The data of agricultural weather aspect, collection research district, for data analysis provides background meteorological data; Operation environment remote sensing technology, decipher LandsatTM data acquisition study area land-use map, the spatial distribution characteristic of various Land_use change in analyzed area, the Land Use Database needed for Modling model; Based on the 1:100 ten thousand soil types distribution plan that Chinese Academy of Sciences's Nanjing soil provides, in conjunction with on-site soil specimen test, Soil Database needed for Modling model; After model database is set up, use hydrological distribution model SWAT as source, face simulation tool, by soil attribute, Land_use change and weather data input model system, after carrying out parameter calibration and adjustment, spatial and temporal distributions simulation is carried out to source, the face phosphorus pollutional load of study area;
(4) soil attribute and non-point source pollution loading space distribution response relation are set up
Main source due to widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is paddy field and dry land, by corresponding with the pollution of area source result of modeling for each soil attribute that these two kinds of land use patterns account for the sub basin of main advantage, utilize the method for principal component analysis (PCA) to find out and can pollute for estimation source, face phosphorus the several properties that maximum quantity of information is provided, set up the response relation between soil attribute space distribution and pollution of area source on this basis;
Step 2: regional soil sample collection to be evaluated and detection
Similar with (2) in step one, by history data collection and field experiment, draw the space distribution situation of the soil attribute filtered out in step one (4);
Step 3: widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area load estimate
Source, the face phosphorus pollutional load of survey region is estimated according to the space distribution of the soil attribute filtered out and response relation; Filter out several soil attribute providing pollution of area source quantity of information maximum in (4) of step one, by the soil attribute regularity of distribution recorded in step 2, estimate the situation of this region pollution of area source.
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