CN103103576B - A kind of method of work of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer - Google Patents
A kind of method of work of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
- H02J3/1857—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters wherein such bridge converter is a multilevel converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of work of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, comprise: cell body, ion-exchange membrane is provided with in described cell body, described cell body is divided into anolyte compartment and cathode compartment by described ion-exchange membrane, the bottom of described cell body also establishes one to go out funnel, and described in go out funnel and be connected with described cathode compartment; Described go out funnel be connected to discharge electrolysis waste solution with a drain pipe; Described go out the bottom of the funnel collecting bin of establishing one to be suitable for collecting the metal of separating out, and the entrance of this collecting bin with described go out the bottom of funnel be connected.The present invention is collected precipitating metal by collecting bin, can realize separating out how many how much collection, accomplishes electrolysis and collects two work separately, mutually independently, improve electrolytic efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a working method of an ion membrane electrolytic cell.
Background
At present, the industrial development of circuit boards in China is rapid, and because waste water produced by circuit board production enterprises often contains a large amount of metal substances with recovery value, heavy metals exceed the standard seriously, especially, a large amount of copper ions exist in etching solution, and the emission of the copper ions can bring great harm to the environment, how to extract the copper ions in the etching solution and improve the production efficiency of electrolytic copper is a technical problem in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a working method of an ionic membrane electrolytic cell which is suitable for improving the electrolytic efficiency and is convenient for taking out precipitated metal.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for operating an ion membrane electrolyzer, comprising:
the device comprises a tank body and a central processing unit, wherein an ion exchange membrane is arranged in the tank body, the ion exchange membrane divides the tank body into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, the bottom of the tank body is also provided with a discharge funnel, and the discharge funnel is connected with the cathode chamber; the discharging funnel is connected with a liquid outlet pipe to discharge the electrolytic waste liquid; a collecting bin suitable for collecting the precipitated metal is arranged at the bottom of the discharging funnel, and an inlet of the collecting bin is connected with the bottom of the discharging funnel;
the bottom of the collecting bin is provided with a discharge opening, the bottom in the collecting bin is provided with a weight sensor for detecting the weight of metal in the collecting bin, the weight sensor is connected with the central processing unit, a valve is arranged at the inlet of the collecting bin, and the valve and the discharge opening are controlled by the central processing unit;
wherein,
firstly, metal separated out by electrolytic reaction of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell slides into a discharging funnel and enters a collecting bin;
when the weight sensor detects that the metal collected by the collection bin reaches a certain weight, the central processing unit closes the valve and opens a discharge port to discharge the metal in the collection bin;
and thirdly, after the discharging is finished, closing the discharging opening and the valve, and continuing the electrolytic reaction of the ion membrane electrolytic cell.
The liquid outlet pipe 3 is provided with a discharge valve 3-1 for controlling the discharge of the electrolytic waste liquid, namely, the discharge valve 3-1 is closed during the electrolytic reaction.
Further, the working method of the ion membrane electrolytic cell also comprises the following steps: and the three-phase power supply input end of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell is connected with a chained SVG device suitable for correcting power factors.
The chain type SVG device comprises:
the H-bridge multi-connected multi-level inverter is composed of three-phase H-bridge power modules connected to the three-phase power supply, wherein each phase of H-bridge power module is additionally provided with at least one standby H-bridge unit circuit;
the automatic bypass circuit is arranged at the output end of each H bridge unit circuit and bypasses one H bridge unit circuit when the H bridge unit circuit is damaged;
the sampling circuit is suitable for acquiring instantaneous values of voltage and current of the three-phase power supply;
a split-phase current independent control circuit connected with the sampling circuit and used for calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit according to the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current of the three-phase power supply；
A pulse width modulation circuit connected with the split-phase current independent control circuit and used for modulating according to the sineModulation ratio M and phase angle of wave makingControlling carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM adopted among the H bridge unit circuits; namely, after the damaged H-bridge unit circuit bypasses, the pulse width modulation circuit is adapted to change the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module in which the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module;
the phase-separated current independent control circuit comprises:
the phase-locked loop tracks the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply;
the reactive current setting module is suitable for calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
the active current setting module is suitable for calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and meanwhile, subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control so as to obtain the actual active current output;
the instantaneous current tracking module is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller；
The working method of the chain type SVG device comprises the following steps:
a: when one H bridge unit circuit is damaged, the corresponding automatic bypass circuit bypasses the H bridge unit circuit;
on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, the pulse width modulation circuit changes the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module where the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module;
the working method of the split-phase current independent control circuit comprises the following steps:
(1) tracking the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the input instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply through a phase-locked loop;
(2) calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
(3) calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and simultaneously subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control to obtain the actual active current output;
(4) the controller is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller。
Compared with the prior art, the working method of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell has the following advantages: (1) the chained SVG device is utilized to correct the problem that the power factor of a power grid is reduced due to the electrolysis process of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell, and the utilization rate of a transformer is improved; (2) a standby H-bridge unit circuit is arranged in the chained SVG device, when another H-bridge unit circuit fails, the failed H-bridge unit circuit is automatically bypassed, and the H-bridge multi-level inverter is ensured to normally work, namely, power factors of a power grid are corrected; (3) when the H bridge power module is damaged, the shutdown maintenance is not needed, and the stability of a power grid is ensured; (4) the pulse width modulation circuit adjusts the modulation wave of the damaged one-phase H-bridge power module, thereby effectively avoiding the generation of harmonic waves; (5) the problem of compensation of unbalanced output of a three-phase power supply is solved through independent control of split-phase current; (6) the collection bin is used for collecting the precipitated metal, so that the precipitation amount can be collected, and the two works of electrolysis and collection are separated and independent; when the metal in the collection bin reaches a certain weight, the valve is closed to prevent the liquid from flowing out, so that the etching liquid is ensured to continue to react in the electrolytic bath, but the discharging operation is carried out simultaneously, when the discharging operation is finished, the discharging opening is closed, and the control valve is opened to continue to collect the separated metal, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved; (7) after the metal of the etching solution is electrolyzed, the waste liquid is discharged from the liquid outlet pipe, and the metal of the collecting bin cannot be washed away in the discharging process.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ion membrane electrolyzer of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ionic membrane electrolyzer connected with a three-phase power supply and a chained SVG device;
fig. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of an H-bridge multiple multi-level inverter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the split-phase current independent control circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of carrier triangular wave in-phase single layer stacked SPWM modulation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of the pulse generation before a failure of the H bridge unit module according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a pulse generation timing sequence after a first failed H-bridge cell module of the present invention is bypassed;
FIG. 8 is a pulse generation timing sequence after a second failed H-bridge cell module of the present invention is bypassed.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a working method of an ion membrane electrolyzer comprises the following steps:
the electrolytic cell comprises a cell body 1 and a central processing unit, wherein an ion exchange membrane is arranged in the cell body 1, the cell body 1 is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by the ion exchange membrane, a discharge funnel 2 is also arranged at the bottom of the cell body 1, and the discharge funnel 2 is connected with the cathode chamber; the discharging funnel 2 is connected with a liquid outlet pipe 3 to discharge the electrolytic waste liquid; a collection bin 4 suitable for collecting the precipitated metal is arranged at the bottom of the discharge funnel 2, and the inlet of the collection bin 4 is connected with the bottom of the discharge funnel 2;
the bottom of the collection bin 4 is provided with a discharge opening 4-1, the bottom in the collection bin 4 is provided with a weight sensor to detect the weight of metal in the collection bin 4, the weight sensor is connected with the central processing unit, a valve 4-2 is arranged at the inlet of the collection bin 4, and the valve 4-2 and the discharge opening 4-1 are controlled by the central processing unit;
wherein,
firstly, metal separated out by electrolytic reaction of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell slides into a discharging funnel 2 and enters a collecting bin 4;
when the weight sensor detects that the metal collected by the collection bin 4 reaches a certain weight, the central processing unit closes the valve 4-2 and opens the discharge opening 4-1 to discharge the metal in the collection bin 4;
and thirdly, after the materials are finished, closing the discharge opening 4-1 and the valve 4-2, and continuing the electrolytic reaction in the ion membrane electrolytic cell.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the working method of the ion membrane electrolyzer further comprises: a three-phase power supply input end of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell is connected with a chained SVG device suitable for correcting power factors;
the chain type SVG device comprises:
the H-bridge multi-connected multi-level inverter is composed of three-phase H-bridge power modules connected to the three-phase power supply, wherein each phase of H-bridge power module is additionally provided with at least one standby H-bridge unit circuit;
the automatic bypass circuit is arranged at the output end of each H bridge unit circuit and bypasses one H bridge unit circuit when the H bridge unit circuit is damaged;
the sampling circuit is suitable for acquiring instantaneous values of the voltage and the current of the three-phase power supply, wherein the instantaneous values comprise the amplitude and the period of the voltage and the current;
a split-phase current independent control circuit connected with the sampling circuit and used for calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit according to the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current of the three-phase power supply；
Pulse widthA modulation circuit connected with the split-phase current independent control circuit and used for modulating the phase angle according to the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation waveControlling carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM adopted among the H bridge unit circuits; namely, after the damaged H-bridge unit circuit bypasses, the pulse width modulation circuit is adapted to change the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module in which the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located, on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module.
Referring to fig. 4, the phase-separated current independent control circuit comprises:
the phase-locked loop tracks the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply;
the reactive current setting module is suitable for calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
the active current setting module is suitable for calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and meanwhile, subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control so as to obtain the actual active current output;
the instantaneous current tracking module is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller。
Wherein the reference current is a desired compensation current and the dc voltage reference is a desired compensation voltage.
The pulse width modulation circuit relates to an SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) method, wherein a sine wave is used as a modulation wave, a triangular wave with the frequency F times that of the sine modulation wave is used as a carrier wave to carry out waveform comparison, and a group of amplitudes generated by waveform comparison are equal, and the width is in direct proportion to a rectangular pulse train of the sine modulation wave to be equivalent to the sine wave, so that the on-off of a switching device (namely the switching device in a multi-level inverter) is controlled.
The invention adopts a mixed control algorithm of carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM control and carrier triangular wave stacked SPWM control: on the whole, carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM control is adopted among all H-bridge unit circuits, and a stacked SPWM control method is adopted for a single H-bridge unit circuit.
The carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM control method is to compare N carrier triangular waves with different phase and identical frequency and amplitude with one sinusoidal modulation wave for N H bridge unit circuits to generate N groups of SPWM control pulse waveforms to control N H bridges respectively, so that each H bridge unit circuit outputs SPWM voltage waveforms with identical fundamental voltage, and the SPWM voltage waveforms output by the N H bridge unit circuits are superposed to synthesize SPWM multilevel voltage waveforms.
The initial phase angles of the N carrier triangular waves should be sequentially shifted by an angle, which is the same as that of the bipolar carrier triangular wave if the bipolar carrier triangular wave is adopted(ii) a If the single-polar carrier triangular wave is used, the angle is。
The carrier triangular wave cascade type SPWM control method is an SPWM modulation method which applies a multi-level inverter earlier. The carrier triangular wave stacked SPWM modulation method can be divided into two methods, namely a single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method and a multilayer stacked SPWM modulation method, and the two methods can achieve the technical effect of the patent.
The carrier triangular wave single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method can be further divided into a carrier triangular wave reverse phase single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method (the phases of two carrier triangular waves are opposite) and a carrier triangular wave in-phase single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method (the phases of two carrier triangular waves are the same) according to the phase relationship of the two triangular carriers. The carrier triangular wave reverse-phase single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method and the carrier triangular wave in-phase single-layer stacked SPWM modulation method have no difference in advantages and disadvantages.
In the carrier triangular wave in-phase single-layer laminated SPWM modulation method, two carrier triangular wavesAndthe phases of (a) and (b) are the same, and the operating waveforms are shown in fig. 5. WhereinAndcarrier triangular waves at the upper and lower layers of the horizontal axis,is a sine modulation wave. Comparing sine wave with triangular waveThe part larger than the triangular wave will generate output SPWM pulse in the sine waveA portion smaller than the triangular wave generates a zero pulse of the output voltage. Due to the fact thatAndare in phase, i.e. areAndthe sine wave and the triangular wave are compared to generate the output voltage SPWM with a positive half cycle and a negative half cycle different from each other.
Any one H-bridge unit circuit is taken for research and analyzed from the power perspective. Is provided withIs the output voltage of the H-bridge cell circuit,for the purpose of the phase current,for the included angle between the output voltage and the phase current, the active power absorbed by the H-bridge unit circuit is:therefore, the active power absorbed by the H bridge can be changed by changing the output voltage of the H bridge unit circuit, the phase current and the included angle between the output voltage and the phase current. Because of the phase currentIs fixed, so that the output voltage of the H-bridge unit circuit can only be changed in the magnitude and direction, namely, the output voltage of the corresponding pulse width modulation circuitDerived modulation ratio M and phase shift angle。
The control strategy of the chained SVG adopts a layered control structure: the upper layer control mainly determines total active power and reactive power, and the lower layer control mainly adjusts reasonable distribution of active power among all the phase H bridges to ensure the balance of capacitance and voltage on the direct current side. The upper-layer control method of the invention adopts split-phase current independent control, calculates the modulation ratio and phase angle of the expected modulation wave, quantifies the error of the DC side voltage of each bridge into a sine function which is superposed on the modulation wave of the H-bridge unit circuit, finely adjusts the phase of the modulation wave of each H-bridge unit circuit, and adjusts the distribution of active power among the H-bridge unit circuits.
The three-phase direct current side of the chained SVG has no coupling relation, so that split-phase control can be realized, three-phase systems are respectively compensated, and a good compensation effect can be achieved for a balanced system and an unbalanced system. In the control strategy provided in the previous section, the upper-layer control adopts current state complete decoupling control, the transient response is fast, the stability is good, but the controller only considers the condition of three-phase balance during design, and the problem of unbalance of a three-phase system is not considered. The quality of the power grid has been investigated to show that the voltage of the power grid is more or less asymmetrical in phase or amplitude, i.e. in practice, three-phase systems are mostly unbalanced.
The automatic bypass circuit adopts an automatic bypass technology, and the automatic bypass technology is to directly bypass the alternating current side of the fault power module, so that the fault module is separated from the device. Automatic bypass is achieved by providing a bypass mechanism on the output side of each power cell module.
The output end of each H bridge unit circuit is provided with a relay, and the fault H bridge unit circuit is separated from the phase H bridge power module by controlling the normally open state and the normally closed state; the output end of each H-bridge unit circuit is connected to the rectifier bridge formed by two pairs of diodes, so that the thyristor is always in forward voltage drop. When the monitoring system detects an internal fault of the power module, the IGBT pulse is immediately blocked, and the thyristor is triggered to be conducted, so that bypass separation is realized; or a triac may be used.
When a faulty H bridge unit circuit in a certain phase H bridge power module is bypassed, if the pulse transmission of the sinusoidal modulation signal output by the pulse width modulation circuit is transmitted according to normal operation, the output of the chained SVG control system is only superposed by the output voltages of N H bridge unit circuits, and the harmonic content is increased. Therefore, for the remaining N non-faulty H-bridge unit circuits, the modulation strategy needs to be adjusted accordingly.
Because the carrier triangular wave laminated SPWM only acts in a single H-bridge unit circuit, the fault module separation has no influence on the modulation of the carrier triangular wave laminated SPWM and only influences the carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM. Therefore, for the convenience of analysis, only the carrier triangular wave phase shift SPWM is analyzed. When N + 1H bridge unit circuits are arranged in series, the carrier frequency of the chained SVG control system is 1/TcWith a sampling period of TsSampling period T when carrier is unipolars=Tc/[2(N+1)]. Two common adjusting methods after the circuit of the fault H bridge unit is separated are given below.
The first method comprises the following steps: t iscInvariable, TsVariations in
In order to simplify analysis, before selecting a fault, if the number of the multi-level inverters is n +1=6, the sampling period T of each phase H-bridge power module is set to bes=Tc/12 at 0/6Ts、Ts/7Ts、2Ts/8Ts、3Ts/9Ts、4Ts/10Ts、5Ts/11TsThe modulated wave is sampled once at a time and compared to generate a corresponding trigger pulse, as shown in fig. 6.
If one H-bridge unit circuit is separated due to a fault (assuming that the first H-bridge unit circuit is separated), for exampleWithout a corresponding adjustment of the modulation strategy, the pulse generation timing of the remaining N non-faulty H-bridge unit circuits is shown in fig. 7 (a). It can be seen from the figure that the sampling interval between the H-bridge unit circuit 0 and the H-bridge unit circuit 2 is 2TsHowever, the sampling interval between the other power H-bridge unit circuits is TsThis clearly does not conform to the basic principle of carrier phase-shifted SPWM modulation. The harmonic content of the output voltage of the SVG device necessarily increases.
Let the carrier period be constant and still be TcBut with a sampling period at TcAnd performing internal readjustment. As shown in fig. 7(b), since the number of the multi-level inverters becomes 5 after the failure, the sampling period after the modulation is Ts’=Tc/10. This will produce a complete carrier phase shifted output pulse of N = 5.
The method adjusts the switching modulation strategy of the SPWM by changing the sampling period of a fault phase (a phase H-bridge power module where a fault H-bridge unit circuit is located). For the phase, the phase can play a good role in regulation.
The second method comprises the following steps: t iscVariation, TsIs not changed
When the first H bridge unit circuit is separated due to failure, the sampling period T is keptsAnd adjusting the carrier triangular wave period of the phase without changing. As shown in fig. 8.
And the carrier period of the fault phase is Tc' after adjustment, and the carrier periods Tc of other non-fault phases are kept unchanged. The adjusted pulse timing is shown in fig. 8 (b): and generating trigger pulses of the H-bridge power module by the once sampling modulation wave at the moments of 0/5Ts, Ts/6Ts, 2Ts/7Ts, 3Ts/8Ts and 4Ts/9 Ts. In this way, a complete N =5 carrier phase shifted SPWM pulse modulated waveform is obtained. Because the sampling period of the fault phase is not changed before and after the fault module is separated, the synchronism of three-phase current sampling can still be ensured after the fault module is separated.
The working method of the split-phase current independent control circuit. See FIG. 4, in which、、Acquiring a three-phase voltage instantaneous value for an acquisition circuit;、、tracking a voltage phase of the three-phase power supply for the PLL;、、the reference value of each phase of reactive current is;、、the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase of H bridge power module is obtained;a voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor;、、collecting three-phase current instantaneous values for a collecting circuit; and a reference signal of the SVG output voltage can be calculated through a corresponding PI controller, and then corresponding reactive current reference values of each phase and voltage reference values of a direct current side capacitor are further calculated according to an instantaneous reactive power theory. The specific method for obtaining the reactive current reference value of each phase and the voltage reference value of the dc-side capacitor is detailed in the following documents: method for detecting harmonic wave and reactive current of single-phase circuit]42-46 parts of the journal of the electrotechnical science, 1996(3),11 (3); a bin, a color and steel edge, Zao light and single-phase circuit instantaneous harmonic and reactive current real-time detection new method [ J]Power system automation, 2000(11) 36-39.
The working method of the chained SVG device comprises the following steps:
a: when one H bridge unit circuit is damaged, the corresponding automatic bypass circuit bypasses the H bridge unit circuit;
on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, the pulse width modulation circuit changes the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module where the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module;
the working method of the split-phase current independent control circuit comprises the following steps:
(1) tracking the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the input instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply through a phase-locked loop;
(2) calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
(3) calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and simultaneously subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control to obtain the actual active current output;
(4) the controller is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller。
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And such obvious variations or modifications which fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A working method of an ionic membrane electrolytic cell comprises the following steps:
the device comprises a tank body and a central processing unit, wherein an ion exchange membrane is arranged in the tank body, the ion exchange membrane divides the tank body into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, the bottom of the tank body is also provided with a discharge funnel, and the discharge funnel is connected with the cathode chamber; the discharging funnel is connected with a liquid outlet pipe to discharge the electrolytic waste liquid; a collecting bin suitable for collecting the precipitated metal is arranged at the bottom of the discharging funnel, and an inlet of the collecting bin is connected with the bottom of the discharging funnel;
the bottom of the collecting bin is provided with a discharge opening, the bottom in the collecting bin is provided with a weight sensor for detecting the weight of metal in the collecting bin, the weight sensor is connected with the central processing unit, a valve is arranged at the inlet of the collecting bin, and the valve and the discharge opening are controlled by the central processing unit;
wherein,
firstly, metal separated out by electrolytic reaction of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell slides into a discharging funnel and enters a collecting bin;
when the weight sensor detects that the metal collected by the collection bin reaches a certain weight, the central processing unit closes the valve and opens a discharge port to discharge the metal in the collection bin;
after the discharging is finished, closing the discharging opening and the valve, and continuing the electrolytic reaction of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell;
the working method of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell also comprises the following steps: a three-phase power supply input end of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell is connected with a chained SVG device suitable for correcting power factors;
the chain type SVG device comprises:
the H-bridge multi-connected multi-level inverter is composed of three-phase H-bridge power modules connected to the three-phase power supply, wherein each phase of H-bridge power module is additionally provided with at least one standby H-bridge unit circuit;
the automatic bypass circuit is arranged at the output end of each H bridge unit circuit and bypasses one H bridge unit circuit when the H bridge unit circuit is damaged;
the sampling circuit is suitable for acquiring instantaneous values of voltage and current of the three-phase power supply;
a split-phase current independent control circuit connected with the sampling circuit and used for calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of a sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit according to the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current of the three-phase power supply；
A pulse width modulation circuit connected with the split-phase current independent control circuit and used for adjusting the phase of the current according to the positive voltageModulation ratio M and phase angle of string-modulated waveControlling carrier triangular wave phase-shifting SPWM adopted among the H bridge unit circuits; namely, after the damaged H-bridge unit circuit bypasses, the pulse width modulation circuit is adapted to change the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module in which the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module;
the phase-separated current independent control circuit comprises:
the phase-locked loop tracks the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply;
the reactive current setting module is suitable for calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
the active current setting module is suitable for calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and meanwhile, subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control so as to obtain the actual active current output;
the instantaneous current tracking module is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller；
The working method of the chain type SVG device comprises the following steps:
a: when one H bridge unit circuit is damaged, the corresponding automatic bypass circuit bypasses the H bridge unit circuit;
on the basis of keeping the sampling period of the sampling circuit unchanged, the pulse width modulation circuit changes the carrier frequency of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM of the one-phase H-bridge power module where the damaged H-bridge unit circuit is located so as to obtain the pulse modulation waveform of the carrier triangular wave phase-shifted SPWM corresponding to the number of the remaining H-bridge unit circuits in the one-phase H-bridge power module;
the working method of the split-phase current independent control circuit comprises the following steps:
(1) tracking the voltage phase of the three-phase power supply according to the input instantaneous value of the voltage of the three-phase power supply through a phase-locked loop;
(2) calculating the cosine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop and multiplying the cosine quantity by a reactive current reference value to obtain actual reactive current output;
(3) calculating the sine quantity of the voltage phase according to the voltage phase obtained by the phase-locked loop, and simultaneously subtracting the voltage reference value of the direct current side capacitor from the voltage average value of the direct current side capacitor of each phase H-bridge power module, multiplying the subtracted value by the sine quantity after PI control to obtain the actual active current output;
(4) the controller is used for firstly superposing the currents output by the reactive current setting module and the active current setting module, then subtracting the instantaneous current in the three-phase power supply, and calculating the modulation ratio M and the phase angle of the sine modulation wave required by the pulse width modulation circuit through the controller。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510761484.6A CN105239108A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain-type static var generator (SVG) device containing power correcting factor |
| CN201210539635.XA CN103103576B (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | A kind of method of work of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer |
| CN201510755873.8A CN105332007A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic exchange membrane cell of chain type SVG device with power correcting factor |
| CN201510755921.3A CN105239107A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain type SVG device with correctable power factor |
| CN201510758129.3A CN105274578A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ion membrane electrolytic bath with power factor correcting function for chained of scalable vector graphics (SVG) device |
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| CN201210539635.XA CN103103576B (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | A kind of method of work of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer |
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| CN201510758129.3A Division CN105274578A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ion membrane electrolytic bath with power factor correcting function for chained of scalable vector graphics (SVG) device |
| CN201510761484.6A Division CN105239108A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain-type static var generator (SVG) device containing power correcting factor |
| CN201510755873.8A Division CN105332007A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic exchange membrane cell of chain type SVG device with power correcting factor |
| CN201510755921.3A Division CN105239107A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain type SVG device with correctable power factor |
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| CN103103576B true CN103103576B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
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| CN201510755921.3A Withdrawn CN105239107A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain type SVG device with correctable power factor |
| CN201510758129.3A Withdrawn CN105274578A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ion membrane electrolytic bath with power factor correcting function for chained of scalable vector graphics (SVG) device |
| CN201510761484.6A Withdrawn CN105239108A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain-type static var generator (SVG) device containing power correcting factor |
| CN201510755873.8A Withdrawn CN105332007A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic exchange membrane cell of chain type SVG device with power correcting factor |
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| CN201510755921.3A Withdrawn CN105239107A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain type SVG device with correctable power factor |
| CN201510758129.3A Withdrawn CN105274578A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ion membrane electrolytic bath with power factor correcting function for chained of scalable vector graphics (SVG) device |
| CN201510761484.6A Withdrawn CN105239108A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic membrane electrolytic cell of chain-type static var generator (SVG) device containing power correcting factor |
| CN201510755873.8A Withdrawn CN105332007A (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | Ionic exchange membrane cell of chain type SVG device with power correcting factor |
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| CN105862083A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-08-17 | 周杰 | Operating method of chained SVG device capable of increasing utilization rate of transformer |
| CN107338457A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-10 | 重庆科技学院 | A kind of electrolytic cell of new recovery metal secondary resource |
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| DE4310365C1 (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-04-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Regenerating aq. etching bath - using electrodialysis cells having cation exchange membranes |
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- 2012-12-13 CN CN201210539635.XA patent/CN103103576B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-12-13 CN CN201510755921.3A patent/CN105239107A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-13 CN CN201510758129.3A patent/CN105274578A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-13 CN CN201510761484.6A patent/CN105239108A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| CN103103576A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| CN105274578A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
| CN105239108A (en) | 2016-01-13 |
| CN105332007A (en) | 2016-02-17 |
| CN105239107A (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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