CN103103456A - Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt and manufacturing and using methods thereof - Google Patents
Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt and manufacturing and using methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103103456A CN103103456A CN2013100183578A CN201310018357A CN103103456A CN 103103456 A CN103103456 A CN 103103456A CN 2013100183578 A CN2013100183578 A CN 2013100183578A CN 201310018357 A CN201310018357 A CN 201310018357A CN 103103456 A CN103103456 A CN 103103456A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt and manufacturing and using methods thereof. The Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt is characterized by comprising the following ingredients by weight percent: 0.02-1.2% of C, 13-24.9% of Mn, 2-6% of Si, 1-7% of Ni, 0.5-12% of Cr, 0-2% of V and the balance of Fe. The performance of the check block provided by the invention is superior to that of a common bolt; and the check bolt has good anti-loosening effect, and is especially suitable for the occasions that the internal operation space of a machine is small and thread connection of other anti-loosening measures cannot be easily carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt and production and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Being threaded is one of modern structure and mechanical means mode of connection commonly used.Generally being threaded all has self-locking performance, but is subject to larger vibration, variable load, shock action or temperature variation when larger, be threaded be prone to loosening, get loose, repeated stress failure, cause Joint failure.
The use practice that is threaded and anti-loosening property test, Stromeyer test prove: loosening inefficacy is to bear one of main failure forms that is threaded under the repeated load effect.Loosening will cause that connecting preliminary tension reduces even to lose, make Joint failure, cause the accident.The loosening major cause that is threaded is: be threaded between the ridge of cooperation and have certain back lash, do the used time being subject to transverse load (vibration, impact and load), can produce the vibration of different frequency between nut and bolt, make the moment of friction of screw-pair sharply descend, instantaneously be reduced to 0, destroy the screw-pair condition of self-locking, cause the nut automatic rotary loosening.Therefore, between ridge, the back lash is the basic reason that causes nut loosening, and the size of back lash, is that the standard tolerance band (depending on manufacturing accuracy) by bolts and nuts determines.Manufacturing accuracy is higher, and the back lash is just less, but the tooling cost of screw bolt and nut will be higher.Therefore, under the prerequisite that does not increase tooling cost, improving the working accuracy of screw bolt and nut, farthest reduce the back lash between ridge, even produce shrink-fit, is to solve the loosening key point that is threaded.According to pertinent data statistics, the annual mechanical means in countries in the world is because of more than fastening piece becomes flexible, gets loose, direct economic loss that repeated stress failure causes reaches multi-million dollar.Therefore, how simply, effectively the loosening problem that prevents nut has become problem demanding prompt solution.
In recent years, doing many work aspect the research of thread connection anti-loose both at home and abroad, and succeeding in developing some novel retainer nuts, and obtained certain effect.These nuts are many to be improved from the structure angle, adopts the locking mechanism of friction to reach locking purpose.As ST2 type retainer nut, concave-convex type retainer nut, carve always split nut, add key retainer nut etc., although these anti-loose methods are obtained certain anti-loosing effect under some working condition, but they or anti-loosening property are very unreliable, perhaps because needing auxiliary component, secondary process, it brings inconvenience in use, perhaps fundamentally change the character of releasable connection, perhaps be difficult for promoting because of high cost.In a word, from the structure solution that the loosening problem that do not make nut obtains being apt to the greatest extent of starting with.
Summary of the invention
According to the technical problem of above-mentioned proposition, and provide a kind of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy and its preparation method and application.The present invention mainly utilizes the shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy and carries out thread connection anti-loose, effectively solves be threaded loosening and the problem that gets loose, and is particularly useful for being threaded of mechanical built-in function little difficult other the locking measures of enforcement in space.
The technique means that the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt, it is characterized in that: its material consists of the following composition by mass percentage:
C：0.02%～1.2%；
Mn：13%～24.9%；
Si：2%～6%；
Ni：1%～7%；
Cr：0.5%～12%；
V：0%～2%；
Surplus is Fe.
As preferably, its material consists of the following composition by mass percentage:
C：0.02%～1.0%；
Mn：15%～20%；
Si：3%～6%；
Ni：1%～6%；
Cr：2%～12%；
V：0%～2%；
Surplus is Fe.
The present invention also provides the manufacture method of above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. ingot casting is processed: adopt the vacuum induction melting furnace melting after raw material is mixed by default proportioning; During melting, treat that raw material all dissolves, insulation 30min-40min rear mold is cast into ingot casting; Ingot casting is cut the cap mouth after 950 ℃ of-1100 ℃ of lower homogenizing annealing 24h-30h, car removes crust, and forge hot becomes cylindrical bar, at 550 ℃～780 ℃ lower hot drawing Cheng Sicai;
2. the manufacturing of bolt blank: adopt the cold-forging technique of bolt production that the silk material is manufactured bolt blank;
3. tensile deformation: bolt blank is carried out the tensile deformation of 3%-8% on tensile testing machine with chuck;
4. screw thread processing: adopt stranding or rolled thread plate that bolt blank is carried out screw thread processing or adopts the turning processing method to carry out screw thread processing to bolt blank.
As preferably, described step also comprises the step that improves shape memory effect before 3., and the step of described raising shape memory effect is employing tensile pre-deformation or working hardening method.
As preferably, described tensile pre-deformation is bolt blank to be carried out 4%～10% tensile deformation on tensile testing machine, carries out the Training process of recovery annealing under 300 ℃～500 ℃; Described working hardening method is for carrying out the working hardening technique of 1%～20% distortion to bolt blank under 300 ℃～800 ℃.
The present invention also provides the using method of above-mentioned Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt, it is characterized in that: according to the pre-fastening moment of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt, bolt is heated to 350 ℃～500 ℃, and insulation 10min-20min fixes itself and the nut that is complementary.
In the component of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt provided by the invention, Fe element source can adopt technically pure iron or cheaply soft steel all can, in addition, also contain some inevitable trace impurities in the course of processing, impurity relates generally to S, P etc.
Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt provided by the invention is utilize the shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy and carry out thread connection anti-loose.Bolt blank after tensile pre-deformation is processed into standard external makes lock bolt, coordinate with plain nut tighten after, bolt is heated, Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt generation shape is recovered to make to produce restorer between screw-pair, and the self-locking moment of friction that is converted between screw thread pair prevents that screw-pair from relatively rotating, and then reaches locking purpose.There is three aspects: in the source of locking moment of friction: the one, and the bolt after stretched distortion is after heating, produced axial restorer (as shown in Figure 1), this axial restorer is converted into the self-locking moment of friction between screw-pair, prevents from relatively rotating between screw thread pair, and then plays locking purpose; The 2nd, bolt will produce radially increase in heating shape recovery process, this radially increase can eliminate the radius clearance of threaded connection pair, and be subject to the effect of contraction of nut and produce restoring force (as shown in Figure 2), this restorer also can be converted into the self-locking moment of friction between screw thread pair, plays locking effect; The 3rd, in the process of tightening, the bolt thread tooth is because the effect that is subject to stress in bending produces stress-inducedεmartensite, and after heating, flexural deformation will recover, and also can produce axial restorer and plays locking effect.
Locking moment of friction when plain bolt connects is by the frictional force on the friction resistance between screw-pair and nut, bolt head bearing surface and connected piece surface in contact, both a self-locking moment of friction of comprehensive action generation.Compare than prior art, provided by the invention by Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt, except having the locking moment of friction that plain bolt connects, have also that Fe-Mn-Si alloy shape memory effect produces axially, radially and the self-locking moment of friction that provides of the restorer between thread profile.Therefore, Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt has better self-locking anti-loosing performance than plain bolt.Simultaneously, the restorer that produces after the heating of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt, can reduce the preliminary tension that even replaces plain bolt, easy for installation, being threaded of particularly suitable of the present invention for the foregoing reasons machinery built-in function little difficult other the locking measures of enforcement in space.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the axial restorer schematic diagram of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt restoring force schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1, nut 2, Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Select the melting raw material, mix by following proportioning (mass percent of chemical composition):
Mn:16.86%; Si:4.50%; Cr:10.30%; Ni:5.29%; C :≤0.08; All the other are Fe, and Fe selects technically pure iron, and major impurity is smelted in vacuum ZG-0.025 type silicon controlled rectifier medium frequency induction melting furnace under argon shield for being C, Al etc., and vacuum tightness is 10
-2Torr.After raw material dissolves rear insulation 30min and makes it evenly, be cast into the ingot casting of 15Kg in metal pattern.In order to eliminate the ununiformity of ingot casting composition, ingot casting is after 1200 ℃ of homogenizing annealing 24h, and car removes surface scale, cuts the cap mouth, reheats 1100 ℃ of insulation 1h after heat and is swaged into
Pole blank, initial forging temperature are 1050 ℃, and final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃; Then wire drawing becomes at about 600 ℃ of temperature
Silk material and alignment.
The technique of processing Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt is as follows in detail:
(1) turning material: be slightly larger than standard-sized shank of bolt with what the Fe-Mn-Si alloy wire was lathed;
(2) solution treatment: the shank of bolt that turning is good carries out 1000 ℃ * 1h solution treatment, eliminates the impact of alloy internal organizational structure in cutting process;
(3) tensile deformation is processed: bolt is carried out the unilateral stretching of different predeformation amounts, make it that stress-induced γ → ε martensitic transformation occur;
(4) threading: have anti-loosing effect preferably in order to guarantee lock bolt, avoid causing because of the excessive heat in metal cutting that produces in the course of processing generation of stress-induced martensite reverse transformation.In working angles, the cutting speed that can suitably slow down is used the good cutting fluid of thermal diffusivity simultaneously;
(5) Assembly of the parts: under the preliminary tension effect, carry out bolt and connect.In this course, the ridge of bolt is because the stress in bending effect that is subject to axial pre tightening force produces stress-inducedεmartensite;
(6) with heating tool, bolt is carried out 300 ℃, 400 ℃, 500 ℃ heating and recovers after, insulation 10min, then cooling: this one-phase is the implementation phase of bolt shape memory effect.Under certain recovery temperature, technique (3) begins to occur reverse transformation with the middle stress-inducedεmartensite that produces of technique (5), presenting shape on macroscopic view recovers, but bolt is due to the constraint that is subject to nut and ridge thereof, produce certain axially, radially and the restorer between thread profile, this restorer can be converted into the self-locking moment of friction between flat of thread, and then reaches locking purpose.
Below in conjunction with through the locking test of static state (table 1) and dynamic vibration test (table 2), by the contrast to plain bolt, show that screw retention effect provided by the invention is remarkable.
The static anti-loosening property of table 1 embodiment lock bolt
Annotate: pre-fastening moment and static loose moment adopt dial torque wrench to measure, and Ni Compact DAQ data collecting instrument is used in data gathering.
The dynamic anti-loosening property of table 2 embodiment lock bolt
Annotate: table 2 utilizes vibratory testing machine test, vibrational frequency 12.5Hz, sine wave, vibration acceleration 1g, transverse load 15N.The loose moment of vibration 20min adopts dial torque wrench to measure, and Ni Compact DAQ data collecting instrument is used in data gathering.
The above; only be the better embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to replacement or changed according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt, it is characterized in that: its material consists of the following composition by mass percentage:
C：0.02%～1.2%；
Mn：13%～24.9%；
Si：2%～6%；
Ni：1%～7%；
Cr：0.5%～12%；
V：0%～2%；
Surplus is Fe.
2. a kind of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its material consists of the following composition by mass percentage:
C：0.02%～1.0%；
Mn：15%～20%；
Si：3%～6%；
Ni：1%～6%；
Cr：2%～12%；
V：0%～2%；
Surplus is Fe.
3. the manufacture method of a Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. ingot casting is processed: adopt the vacuum induction melting furnace melting after raw material is mixed by default proportioning; During melting, treat that raw material all dissolves, insulation 30min-40min rear mold is cast into ingot casting; Ingot casting is cut the cap mouth after 950 ℃ of-1100 ℃ of lower homogenizing annealing 24h-30h, car removes crust, and forge hot becomes cylindrical bar, at 550 ℃～780 ℃ lower hot drawing Cheng Sicai;
2. the manufacturing of bolt blank: adopt the cold-forging technique of bolt production that the silk material is manufactured bolt blank;
3. tensile deformation: bolt blank is carried out the tensile deformation of 3%-8% on tensile testing machine with chuck;
4. screw thread processing: adopt stranding or rolled thread plate that bolt blank is carried out screw thread processing or adopts the turning processing method to carry out screw thread processing to bolt blank.
4. manufacture method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described step also comprises the step that improves shape memory effect before 3., and the step of described raising shape memory effect is employing tensile pre-deformation or working hardening method.
5. manufacture method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described tensile pre-deformation is bolt blank to be carried out 4%～10% tensile deformation on tensile testing machine, carries out the Training process of recovery annealing under 300 ℃～500 ℃; Described working hardening method is for carrying out the working hardening technique of 1%～20% distortion to bolt blank under 300 ℃～800 ℃.
6. the using method of a Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy lock bolt as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to the pre-fastening moment of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy bolt, bolt is heated to 350 ℃～500 ℃, and insulation 10min-20min fixes itself and the nut that is complementary.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2013100183578A CN103103456A (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2013-01-17 | Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt and manufacturing and using methods thereof |
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| CN2013100183578A CN103103456A (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2013-01-17 | Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy check bolt and manufacturing and using methods thereof |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104551267A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 南通高盛机械制造有限公司 | Threaded processing method |
| CN107575461A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-12 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of marmem interference engagement is spirally connected component |
| CN111235491A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-06-05 | 西北工业大学 | High-strength high-plasticity shape memory steel and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104551267A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 南通高盛机械制造有限公司 | Threaded processing method |
| CN107575461A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-12 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of marmem interference engagement is spirally connected component |
| CN111235491A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-06-05 | 西北工业大学 | High-strength high-plasticity shape memory steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111235491B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-05-10 | 西北工业大学 | High-strength high-plasticity shape memory steel and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130515 |