CN103102026A - Sudden raw water thallium pollution emergency treatment system and method - Google Patents
Sudden raw water thallium pollution emergency treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103102026A CN103102026A CN201310044943XA CN201310044943A CN103102026A CN 103102026 A CN103102026 A CN 103102026A CN 201310044943X A CN201310044943X A CN 201310044943XA CN 201310044943 A CN201310044943 A CN 201310044943A CN 103102026 A CN103102026 A CN 103102026A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sudden raw water thallium pollution emergency treatment system and method. The system comprises a water collecting head part, a water inlet well, a pre-aeration treatment pool, a distribution well, a flocculation settling basin and a carbon sand filtering basin which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a water collecting pump station is arranged between the water collecting head part and the water inlet well. The treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a strong oxidant into the raw water, and performing oxidation treatment; (2) regulating pH value of the raw water to be alkaline; (3) allowing the alkaline raw water to flow into the pre-aeration treatment pool, adding activated carbon powder for adsorption; (4) allowing the water subjected to adsorption treatment to flow into the distribution well, adding polyaluminum ferric chloride, allowing the water to flow into the flocculation settling basin and further settling and removing the pollutants; and (5) filtering to further remove the residual thallium in the water through the carbon sand filtering basin. The thallium in the raw water can be effectively removed, and the thallium concentration in the treated effluent is reduced to be less than 0.1 mu g/L; and moreover, the operating cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of former water emergent treatment system and method, relate in particular to the system and method for thallium in a kind of former water of removal of strengthening conventional water supply process.
Background technology
Water is Source of life, and along with the continuous enhancing with mankind's nature remodeling ability of improving constantly of industrialization degree, in recent years, the pollution in river, lake, reservoir, bay etc. is on the rise, and China's sudden water source accident also frequently occurs.October 28 in 2010, Shaoguan Smelter blowdown in violation of rules and regulations, causing middle and upper reaches section, northern river thallium to occur exceeds standard, the ground such as Qingyuan City, Guangzhou, Foshan are supplied water caused impact, sudden pollution of waterhead accident is as can not get timely processing, the serious threat city resident is healthy, cause heavy economic losses and bad social influence.
Thallium is a kind of typical dispersed elements, is widely used in the fields such as medical science, agricultural, chemical industry, material.Thallium can enter human body by modes such as drinking-water, food, breathing or skin contact, and enrichment in vivo, its to mammiferous toxicity much larger than mercury, lead, arsenic etc., people's lethal quantity are only 10 ~ 15mg/kg.In view of thallium can accumulating in animal and plant body, and produce toxic action, thallium is also one of primary hazard refuse in WHO emphasis restricted list simultaneously, and thallium has been classified as the pollutent list of preferential control by China.The occurring in nature thallium is distributed widely in various water bodys, and its content is generally very low, and thallium is in pit waste water and metallurgy industry waste water high concentration.Thallium mainly exists with monovalence in water body, and only trivalent thallium just exists under extremely strong oxidizing condition.
At present, less about the research of removing the thallium pollution in tap water both at home and abroad, Environmental Protection Agency has recommended two kinds to prevent and treat method: the active aluminum method of purification and ion exchange method, but these two kinds of methods all can increase the water producing cost of water factory greatly.The people such as Lu Shaoming adopt pre-treatment, coagulating sedimentation, columnar activated carbon to filter by small testing device the former water of thallium that contains of preparation are processed, obtained effect preferably, but this method need to transform the sand filter of water factory as the columnar activated carbon filter tank, the transformation cycle is long, is not suitable for the emergency processing of conventional water factory.For the former water that has been polluted by thallium, main treatment measures have: utilize thallium easily by the character of " sponge adsorbent " absorption, add sorbent material in contaminated water body, reduce the activity rate of thallium and make its precipitation; Add oxygenant and alkaline matter (as lime etc.) in the contaminated water body, make thallium under low temperature, oxidation and alkaline condition, transform from monovalence to trivalent, and form precipitation and remove from water.National drinking water standard is 0.1 μ g/L, and conventional handling technology of water supply is very low to the clearance of thallium, can't guarantee safety water supply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for water factory's the deficiencies in the prior art, provide the sudden thallium pollution emergency of a kind of former water treatment system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the sudden thallium pollution emergency of a kind of former water treatment process.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The sudden thallium pollution emergency of a kind of former water treatment system comprises water-fetching head, inlet well, preaeration treating pond, distributing well, flocculation sedimentation tank and charcoal sand filter that pipeline successively connects, is provided with water intake pumping station between water-fetching head and inlet well.
Preferably, described inlet well, preaeration treating pond and distributing well are built jointly; Between water-fetching head and water intake pumping station, oxygenant is set and adds mouth, be provided with the coagulant dosage mouth between distributing well and flocculation sedimentation tank, the inlet well place is provided with alkaline matter and adds mouth, and place, pre-treatment aeration tank is provided with Powdered Activated Carbon and adds mouth.
Preferably, described charcoal sand filter upper strata is active carbon layer, and lower floor is quartz sand layer, gac bed thickness 500mm, quartz sand bed thickness 800mm.
The sudden thallium pollution emergency of a kind of former water treatment process comprises the steps:
(1) add strong oxidizer in the former water of water-fetching head, carry out oxide treatment;
(2) the former water of water-fetching head flows into inlet well, adds alkaline matter and regulates former water pH value to alkalescence;
(3) transfer to the former water inflow preaeration treating pond of alkalescence, add Powdered Activated Carbon in the preaeration treating pond, carry out adsorption treatment;
(4) water after adsorption treatment flows into distributing well, add aluminium iron polychloride in distributing well, then flow into flocculation sedimentation tank (being formed by flocculation basin and tube settler), form floc particle in the flocculation basin precipitin reaction, make the floc particle sedimentation by tube settler, thereby make pollutant removal;
(5) filter the further remaining thallium in water of removing through the charcoal sand filter again.
Preferably, described in step (1), oxygenant is potassium permanganate.
Preferably, described potassium permanganate dosage is 0.5～1.5mg/L, and oxidation treatment time is 30min.
Preferably, regulating the pH value with calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or soda ash in step (2) is 8.5～9.5.
Preferably, described in described step (3), the Powdered Activated Carbon dosage is 10～30mg/L, and the described adsorption treatment time is 40min.
Preferably, described in step (4), the aluminium iron polychloride dosage is 2～3mg/L, with Al
2O
3Meter, stirring reaction 5 ~ 15min.
Preferably, in step (4), sedimentation time is 20～55min.
Preferably, described in step (5), charcoal sand filter backwashing period is 24h, and the air blasting intensity of combined water and air backwash is 15L/ (sm
2), it is 12L/ (sm that water rushes intensity
2), the combined water and air backwash time is 4～6min.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) application the inventive method can effectively be removed the thallium in former water, former water pH value is adjusted to alkalescence, can increase substantially the clearance of thallium, make process after in water thallium concentration be down to below 0.1 μ g/L, to the tap water that meets drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
(2) potassium permanganate of the present invention's employing and gac coupling technique can effectively reduce the organism in former water, significantly reduce trichloromethane and generate gesture, can improve water factory's effluent quality.
(3) the present invention can also combine with prior art very easily, substantially not changing on the basis of original water purification process, removes efficiently thallium, guarantees the tap water water supply security.Method is simple, and working cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schema for the treatment of process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the treatment of system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
Referring to Fig. 1, it is Potassium Permanganate Preoxidation that the present invention strengthens the method that in the former water of conventional handling technology of water supply removal, thallium pollutes, and regulates the pH value, Powdered Activated Carbon absorption, the aluminium iron polychloride coagulating sedimentation, the method that the charcoal sand filter filters is removed the thallium in water, specifically comprises several steps:
(1) the preoxidation stage: add potassium permanganate in Xiang Yuanshui, make it fully react 30min, then add alkaline matter in the water former water pH value is adjusted to alkalescence, preferred pH value is 8.5～9.5.Oxygenizement by potassium permanganate is oxidized to the positive monovalence thallium ion in water the thallium ion of positive trivalent, and then form the thallic hydroxide precipitation with OH-ionic bond in water, and potassium permanganate is reduced the nascent state hydrated manganese dioxide of rear generation and has adsorptivity, the monovalence thallium ion in can planar water.Reactional equation is:
MnO
2（H
+）+Tl
+→MnO
2(Tl
+)+H
+
(2) the intensive treatment stage: the simple Potassium Permanganate Preoxidation stage also still can not remove thallium in former water up to standard, needs further to process on this basis, according to the chemical property of thallium, can select charcoal absorption to remove thallium.Have synergy during combined use of potassium permanganate and active carbon powder, can improve significantly coagulation effect, effectively remove micro-content organism, also can generate gesture by the decrease trichloromethane simultaneously, gac has reductibility in addition, can reduce excessive potassium permanganate, can guarantee system stable operation.
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage
To through adding 2～3mg/L aluminium iron polychloride in the former water after the step process of two of fronts, form after flocculation reaction and be combined with thallic hydroxide and the larger particles of the nascent state hydrated manganese dioxide that has adsorbed thallium ion and the activated carbon granule that has adsorbed thallium, in the flocculation sediment process, can remove with the floc particle co-precipitation of aluminium iron polychloride formation, finally thoroughly remove by sludge from sedimentation tank.According to water factory's operation process and practical operation situation, sedimentation time is take 20～55min as good, and the too short precipitation of sedimentation time is incomplete, and sedimentation time is long, can affect water factory's throughput.
(4) filtration stage
Residual thallium and particulate matter in further purifying waste water by the charcoal sand filter strengthened solid-liquid separation effect, guarantees that in water outlet, total thallium content is below GB.The upper strata, filter tank is gac, lower floor is quartz sand, active carbon layer can be by absorption thallium ions such as physical adsorption and chemisorption, the hydrated manganese dioxide of preoxidation stage formation can be attached on quartz sand simultaneously, further form manganese sand, manganese sand also has certain adsorption to thallium ion, can strengthen the removal of thallium.
Embodiment 1
The sudden thallium pollution emergency of a kind of former water treatment system, comprise water-fetching head 1, inlet well 3, preaeration treating pond 4, distributing well 5, flocculation sedimentation tank (being formed by flocculation basin 6 and tube settler 7) and the charcoal sand filter 8 of pipeline connection successively, be provided with water intake pumping station 2 between water-fetching head 1 and inlet well 3.Described inlet well 3, preaeration treating pond 4 and distributing well 5 are built jointly; Oxygenant is set between water-fetching head 1 and water intake pumping station 2 adds mouthfuls 10, be provided with coagulant dosage mouth 13 between distributing well 5 and flocculation sedimentation tank, inlet well 3 places are provided with alkaline matter and add mouthfuls 11, and 4 places, pre-treatment aeration tank are provided with Powdered Activated Carbon and add mouthfuls 12.Described charcoal sand filter upper strata is active carbon layer, and lower floor is quartz sand layer, gac bed thickness 500mm, quartz sand bed thickness 800mm.
The emergency processing method that the sudden thallium of former water pollutes comprises the steps:
(1) preoxidation, the oxygenant at water-fetching head pipeline place add mouthful adds a potassium permanganate, and dosage is 1mg/L, utilizes pump with the mixing effect that helps of pipe network, potassium permanganate fully to be mixed with former water, reacts 30min;
(2) intensive treatment adds sodium hydroxide and regulates former water pH value to 8.5 at the inlet well place, the while, every premium on currency added Powdered Activated Carbon 10mg, utilizes the waterpower mixing effect of pre-treatment aeration tank that Powdered Activated Carbon is mixed, sorption reaction time 40min;
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds aluminium iron polychloride before flocculation basin, the throwing amount is 3mg/L, and hydraulic mixing reaction is approximately after 10min, through settling tank precipitation 35min;
(4) filtration stage, former water filter through the charcoal sand filter again, further remove thallium residual in water, and the water after processing flows into clean water basin 9.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 0.247 μ g/L, and after the present embodiment method was processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.042 μ g/L, reaches drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
Embodiment 2
(1) preoxidation, the oxygenant at water-fetching head pipeline place add mouthful adds a potassium permanganate, and dosage is 1.2mg/L, utilizes pump with the mixing effect that helps of pipe network, potassium permanganate fully to be mixed with former water, reacts 30min.
(2) intensive treatment adds sodium hydroxide and regulates former water pH to 8.5 at the inlet well place, every premium on currency adds Powdered Activated Carbon 30mg simultaneously, utilizes the waterpower mixing effect of pre-treatment aeration tank that Powdered Activated Carbon is mixed, sorption reaction time 40min;
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds aluminium iron polychloride before flocculation tank, the throwing amount is 3mg/L, and hydraulic mixing reaction is approximately after 10min, through settling tank precipitation 35min;
(4) filtration stage, former water filter through the charcoal sand filter again, further remove thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 0.341 μ g/L, and after the present embodiment method was processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.035 μ g/L, reaches drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
Embodiment 3
(1) preoxidation, the oxygenant at water-fetching head pipeline place add mouthful adds potassium permanganate toward former water in, dosage is 1mg/L, utilizes pump with the mixing effect that helps of pipe network, potassium permanganate fully to be mixed with former water, reacts 30min.
(2) intensive treatment adds sodium hydroxide and regulates former water pH to 9 at the inlet well place, every premium on currency adds Powdered Activated Carbon 20mg simultaneously, utilizes the waterpower mixing effect of pre-treatment aeration tank that Powdered Activated Carbon is mixed, sorption reaction time 40min;
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds aluminium iron polychloride before flocculation tank, the throwing amount is 3mg/L, and hydraulic mixing reaction is approximately after 10min, through settling tank precipitation 35min;
(4) filtration stage, former water filter through the charcoal sand filter again, further remove thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 0.432 μ g/L, and after the present embodiment method was processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.064 μ g/L, reaches drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
Embodiment 4
Add thallium element toward experiment in former water, under the pilot plant test condition, by following step process of carrying out successively:
(1) preoxidation adds potassium permanganate in the former water of experiment, dosage is 1.2mg/L, and stirring velocity 100r/min is set, and potassium permanganate is fully mixed with former water, reaction 30min.
(2) intensive treatment adds sodium hydroxide and regulates former water pH to 9, then adds Powdered Activated Carbon 30mg toward every premium on currency, stirring velocity 60r/min is set, sorption reaction time 40min;
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds the aluminium iron polychloride of 3mg/L, and with 184r/min rapid stirring 1.5min, 108r/min stirs 3.6min, 41r/min low rate mixing 5min, redeposition 35min;
(4) filtration stage, after precipitation, clear water filters through the charcoal sand filtering material again, further removes thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 1.24 μ g/L, and after the present embodiment method was processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.068 μ g/L, reaches drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
Embodiment 5
Add thallium element toward experiment in former water, under the pilot plant test condition, by following step process of carrying out successively:
(1) preoxidation adds potassium permanganate in the former water of experiment, dosage is 1.2mg/L, and stirring velocity 100r/min is set, and potassium permanganate is fully mixed with former water, reaction 30min.
(2) intensive treatment adds sodium hydroxide and regulates former water pH to 9, then adds Powdered Activated Carbon 30mg toward every premium on currency, stirring velocity 60r/min is set, sorption reaction time 40min;
(3) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds the aluminium iron polychloride of 3mg/L, and with 184r/min rapid stirring 1.5min, 108r/min stirs 3.6min, 41r/min low rate mixing 5min, redeposition 35min;
(4) filtration stage, after precipitation, clear water filters through the charcoal sand filtering material again, further removes thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 2.537 μ g/L, and after the present embodiment method was processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.084 μ g/L, reaches drinking water sanitary standard (GB5749-2006).
The contrast experiment 1
(1) preoxidation, the oxygenant at water-fetching head pipeline place add mouthful adds potassium permanganate toward former water in, dosage is 1mg/L, utilizes pump with the mixing effect that helps of pipe network, potassium permanganate fully to be mixed with former water, reacts 30min.
(2) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds aluminium iron polychloride before flocculation tank, the throwing amount is 3mg/L, and hydraulic mixing reaction is approximately after 10min, through settling tank precipitation 35min;
(3) filtration stage, former water filter through the charcoal sand filter again, further remove thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: before processing, the Tl content of former water is 0.241 μ g/L, and after this contrast experiment 1 method was processed, thallium content was down to 0.123 μ g/L.
Simultaneous test 2
(1) absorption phase, every premium on currency adds Powdered Activated Carbon 30mg, utilizes the waterpower mixing effect of pre-treatment aeration tank that Powdered Activated Carbon is mixed, sorption reaction time 40min
(2) the coagulating sedimentation stage adds aluminium iron polychloride before flocculation tank, the throwing amount is 3mg/L, and hydraulic mixing reaction is approximately after 10min, through settling tank precipitation 35min;
(3) filtration stage, former water filter through the charcoal sand filter again, further remove thallium residual in water.
The check of thallium removal effect: the thallium-containing quantity of former water is 0.303 μ g/L, and after this simultaneous test 2 methods were processed, thallium content was reduced to 0.185 μ g/L.
As seen, adopt separately potassium permanganate or Powdered Activated Carbon that former water is processed, all be difficult to effectively remove the thallium in former water.
Former water pH value is adjusted to alkalescence, can increases substantially the clearance of thallium.
Above-described embodiment is the better embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other do not deviate from the change done under spirit of the present invention and principle, modification, substitute, combination, simplify; all regard as the substitute mode of equivalence, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the sudden thallium pollution emergency of former water treatment system, it is characterized in that, comprise the water-fetching head, inlet well, preaeration treating pond, distributing well, flocculation sedimentation tank and the charcoal sand filter that are connected by pipeline successively, be provided with water intake pumping station between water-fetching head and inlet well.
2. emergent treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inlet well, preaeration treating pond and distributing well are built jointly; Between water-fetching head and water intake pumping station, oxygenant is set and adds mouth, be provided with the coagulant dosage mouth between distributing well and flocculation sedimentation tank, the inlet well place is provided with alkaline matter and adds mouth, and place, pre-treatment aeration tank is provided with Powdered Activated Carbon and adds mouth.
3. emergent treatment system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described charcoal sand filter upper strata is active carbon layer, and lower floor is quartz sand layer, gac bed thickness 500mm, quartz sand bed thickness 800mm.
4. the sudden thallium pollution emergency of a former water treatment process, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) add strong oxidizer in the former water of water-fetching head, carry out oxide treatment;
(2) the former water of water-fetching head flows into inlet well, regulates former water pH value to alkalescence;
(3) transfer to the former water inflow preaeration treating pond of alkalescence, add Powdered Activated Carbon in the preaeration treating pond, carry out adsorption treatment;
(4) water after adsorption treatment flows in distributing well, adds aluminium iron polychloride in the water outlet of distributing well, then flows into flocculation sedimentation tank, form floc particle in the flocculation sedimentation tank reaction, and further pollutent is removed in sedimentation;
(5) filter the further remaining thallium in water of removing through the charcoal sand filter again.
5. emergency processing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described in step (1), oxygenant is potassium permanganate.
6. emergency processing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described potassium permanganate dosage is 0.5～1.5mg/L, and oxidation treatment time is 30min.
7. emergency processing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described in described step (3), the Powdered Activated Carbon dosage is 10～30mg/L, and the described adsorption treatment time is 40min.
8. emergency processing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described in step (4), the aluminium iron polychloride dosage is 2～3mg/L, with Al
2O
3Meter; Stirring reaction 5 ~ 15min; Sedimentation time is 20～55min.
9. emergency processing method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described in step (5), charcoal sand filter backwashing period is 24h, and the air blasting intensity of combined water and air backwash is 15L/ (sm
2), it is 12L/ (sm that water rushes intensity
2), the combined water and air backwash time is 4～6min.
10. according to claim 4 ~ 9 described emergency processing methods of any one, is characterized in that, regulating the pH value with calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or soda ash in step (2) is 8.5～9.5.
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| CN103693774A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-02 | 深圳市水务(集团)有限公司 | Method for simultaneous removal of cadmium and thallium in raw water |
| CN103922514A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for removing trace thallium contained in water |
| CN104310593A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Biological treatment method for thallium in pit water |
| CN105692764A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-06-22 | 广州大学 | Thallium removing method for lead and zinc smelting wastewater |
| CN106268623A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 华南理工大学 | For processing ferrimanganic complex pillared clay and the preparation method of thallium in waste water |
| CN106946311A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-07-14 | 韶关市雅鲁环保实业有限公司 | A kind of thallium ion inorganic agent and waste water containing thallium processing method |
| CN111499033A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Sewage treatment system, sewage treatment vehicle and emergency sewage treatment method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103693774A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-02 | 深圳市水务(集团)有限公司 | Method for simultaneous removal of cadmium and thallium in raw water |
| CN103693774B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-10-28 | 深圳市水务(集团)有限公司 | A kind of method simultaneously removing cadmium and thallium in former water |
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| CN104310593A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Biological treatment method for thallium in pit water |
| CN104310593B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-04 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method of thallium in cave effluent of carrying out a biological disposal upon |
| CN105692764A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-06-22 | 广州大学 | Thallium removing method for lead and zinc smelting wastewater |
| CN106268623A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 华南理工大学 | For processing ferrimanganic complex pillared clay and the preparation method of thallium in waste water |
| CN106268623B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | For handling the ferrimanganic compound pillared clay and preparation method of thallium in waste water |
| CN106946311A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-07-14 | 韶关市雅鲁环保实业有限公司 | A kind of thallium ion inorganic agent and waste water containing thallium processing method |
| CN111499033A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Sewage treatment system, sewage treatment vehicle and emergency sewage treatment method |
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Application publication date: 20130515 |