CN103101249B - Can the composite of laser weld - Google Patents

Can the composite of laser weld Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103101249B
CN103101249B CN201210451018.4A CN201210451018A CN103101249B CN 103101249 B CN103101249 B CN 103101249B CN 201210451018 A CN201210451018 A CN 201210451018A CN 103101249 B CN103101249 B CN 103101249B
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composite
layer
thickness
matrix
ceramic coating
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CN103101249A (en
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弗朗克·滕普林
迪米特里奥斯·佩罗斯
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Alan Nord Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of can laser weld and be particularly useful for the composite (V) of solar collector element, described composite comprise banded, by the metal matrix (1) laser beam to high reverse--bias performance, matrix has first surface (A) and second (B), wherein, at least on first surface (A), there is ceramic coating (7).Can laser welding for what keep improving when high functionality this composite at composite, the present invention proposes: from described matrix, (1) looked, ceramic coating (7) arranges a metal level (8), and the size of the thickness (D7) of ceramic coating (7) and the thickness (D8) of metal level is designed, with make wavelength (λ) at the laser beam (L) of incidence for 1064nm and incidence angle (α) in the scope of 65 ° to 80 ° time, on the first surface (A) of matrix (1) according to DIN? the total reflectivity (R) that 5036 Part III are determined is less than 60%.

Description

Can the composite of laser weld
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the present invention relates to a kind of in particular for solar collector element can the composite of laser weld, described composite comprise banded, by have laser beam high reverse--bias performance ( ) metal matrix ( ), described matrix has first surface and second, wherein, has ceramic coating at least on the first face.
Background technology
European patent application file EP2239086A1 is disclosed so a kind of composite.Describe in this patent application document and a kind of composite and a workpiece are utilized the known method together with being laser-welded to, the method is especially used for manufacturing solar collector element, wherein, described composite comprises the metal ribbon base adopting and laser beam is had to high reverse--bias performance, this ribbon base has first surface and second, and at least on the first face there is ceramic coating, in addition, for making weld seam, what laser beam at least need be projected described matrix is configured with on the first surface of ceramic coating, and the orientation angle of laser beam need be acute angle form.In addition, this patent application document also depict a kind of be used in this kind of method can the composite of laser weld.Relative at EP2239086A1 quote and published method in EP1217315B1, US300591B1, DE3827297A1 and US4023005 of praising highly, in order to when keeping composite high functionality and manufacturing cost is saved as far as possible, promote the efficiency of welding procedure, it is design like this in EP2239086A1, namely, the thickness of ceramic coating is in the scope of 140nm to 210nm, and laser beam need be incident at the orientation angle of 2 ° to 50 ° with size, thus make in the projectile energy of laser beam, to have at least 15% can be absorbed.
It is noted herein that the same with the phenomenon occurred in during laser weld on the surface of composite, when light is irradiated on an object, incident light can be divided into reflecting part, absorption portion and transmissive portion.For this reason, not only on the first surface of composite, and all there are the distinctive reflectivity of this composite (Reflexionsgrad) (albedo), absorptivity (Absorptionsgrad) (absorbability) and transmissivity (Transmissionsgrad) (transmission capacity) on the second surface.Albedo, absorbability and transmission capacity are optical characteristics, and for same material, these optical characteristics can have different values according to the difference of incident ray wavelength (such as ultraviolet region, visible region, infrared light district and thermal radiation field).For guaranteeing the efficiency utilization of energy, for this kind of material, in the wave-length coverage (typically 1.06 μm, or rather, 1064nm) of laser beam, require first surface to have maximum absorptivity.If the transmissivity of this composite is zero, so its reflectivity and absorptivity sum will be 100%.Therefore, the reflectivity on the first surface of composite disclosed in EP2239086A1 is minimum is 85%.
Like this, compared with other congenic method, method for laser welding has reached higher efficiency, but the space that this efficiency is still improved.For nearly all application CO of actual employing at present 2the method (also illustrating this method in EP2239086A1) of laser system and Nd:YAG laser system, the typical wavelengths of its laser beam is 1.06 μm, under this wavelength, crude aluminium on the market and only can reflect about 90% of incident laser energy for the solar collector aluminium through transpassivation used.
Summary of the invention
Basic object of the present invention is to provide a kind of composite starting described type herein, especially for the composite of solar collector element, when utilizing laser to weld this kind of composite, this kind of composite has better while functional and alap production cost, guarantees to improve further the efficiency of production technology.
According to the present invention, this purpose is achieved in that from matrix and looks, ceramic coating has metal level, and the size of the thickness of ceramic coating and the thickness of metal level is designed, with the incident laser beam that to make at wavelength be 1064nm with size when the incident angles of 65 ° to 80 °, the total reflectivity determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface of matrix is less than 60%.
Surprisingly, inventor finds compared with known composite, adopts the composite had according to layer system of the present invention the energy absorbed during laser weld can be improved several times.
In addition, especially, the thickness of the ceramic coating on the first surface of matrix can in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, and the thickness being positioned at the metal level on described ceramic coating can in the scope of 5nm to 25nm.
If the size of each layer is in corresponding above-mentioned scope, so wavelength is that the laser beam of the 1064nm total reflectivity determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface of matrix preferably can be less than 50%, particularly preferably 40%.In other words, be at least 50% or 60% to the absorptivity of laser beam, this is useful.By layer thickness is changed a little in scope according to the present invention, then also can under other wavelength (if when hope adopt need during such as other laser instrument such as argon gas laser (wavelength 488nm or 515nm) or holmium-YAG laser (wavelength 2123nm)) make absorption maximize in the same way.
Ceramic coating can be designed to substantially be made up of aluminium oxide in a preferred embodiment.If the matrix of composite is also made of aluminum, so upper favourable mode of useful process, make the aluminium oxide of ceramic coating especially by matrix through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and anodised aluminium formed.
Metal level preferably can comprise chromium and/or titanium or be made up of these materials completely.The thickness of layer can preferably drop in the scope of 10nm to 20nm, is especially 15nm.Metal level by mode favourable on technology, can be applied on ceramic coating with continuous print vacuum belt cladding process.
Therefore coiled material can be constructed according to composite of the present invention, especially width can reach 1600mm, and thickness is in the scope of about 0.1mm to 1.5mm, coiled material preferably in the scope of about 0.2 to 0.8mm, and all layers of this composite all can roll-to-roll in the technique of carrying out continuously (volume to volume) process.
In addition, the effective multilayer system of optics can be had on second of matrix according to composite of the present invention (especially when this composite will be used to manufacture solar collector element), this multilayer system comprises to least two layers, preferably includes at least three layers.
On matrix, can design intermediate layer under optical multilayer system, this intermediate layer can guarantee to provide mechanical protection and anti-corrosion protection to matrix on the one hand, can guarantee again to have high cohesive (Haftung) with optical multilayer system on the other hand.Here, intermediate layer can be a ceramic layer equally, but on its second of being positioned at matrix, and mode manufacture that especially can be the same with the ceramic coating on the first surface being positioned at matrix forms.
If adopt the effective multilayer system of optics comprising at least three layers, then the superiors can be insulating barriers, the layer at middle part can be mainly play to absorb visible ray effect and the layer preferably containing chromated oxide, and nethermost layer then available gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum is made. it is known a kind of like this layer system on aluminium matter matrix; By the present invention, can while not damaging its splendid optical characteristics, significantly improve its performance in laser weld.
For manufacturing solar collector element absorber components in other words, can be linked together by the mode of laser weld and such as one pipe be made of copper according to composite of the present invention (having the ceramic layer and metal level be made up of aluminium oxide on the first matrix face) with matrix material such as made of aluminum.Now, by the connection of formation one material adaptation (stoffschl ü ssig), this connection is formed by the aluminium that fusing in fusing step is also again hardening on the one hand, is formed on the other hand by aluminium to the migration in copper.For welding, the CO such as with enough power can be adopted 2the ray of-YAG laser or Nd-YAG laser instrument carries out.
Especially, pipe and absorber components can along their contact position (Sto β stelle), by extend in pipe both sides, the point-like solder design that formed by pulse welding technique is to together.In this case, when laser power and pulse frequency are determined, it should be noted that first the size of solder joint depends on thermal conductivity, and the thickness of surface temperature, irradiation time, absorber components and material character are interactional factors.Proportionate relationship is there is between depth of fusion and the mean power of laser.Because the absorbability of composite according to the present invention has had lifting, therefore compare with substantially known method (to this, can EP2239086A1 and EP1217315B1 be consulted completely), in welding process, significantly can save power.
Other Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are included in each dependent claims and detailed description subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, by the embodiment of two shown in accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated.Wherein:
Fig. 1 be according to of the present invention can the schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of composite of laser weld;
Fig. 2 be according to of the present invention can the schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of composite of laser weld;
Fig. 3 show according to of the present invention can relevance between the reflectivity of the 3rd embodiment of composite of laser weld and the wavelength of incident ray, and the relevance shown between the reflectivity of one known (not according to the invention) comparative material and incident ray is as reference;
Fig. 4 show according to of the present invention can relevance between the reflectivity of the 4th embodiment of composite of laser weld and the wavelength of incident ray, and the relevance shown between the reflectivity of one known (not according to the invention) comparative material and incident ray is as reference;
Fig. 5 show according to of the present invention can relevance between the reflectivity of the 3rd embodiment of composite of laser weld and the incidence angle of incident ray.
Reference numeral
1 matrix
Intermediate layer on 2 matrixes 1, the ceramic layer on the B of face
The effective multilayer system of 3 optics
The infrared reflecting layer of 4 multilayer systems 3
The layer playing the effect of absorption visible ray of 5 multilayer systems 3
The upper strata of 6 multilayer systems 3
7 matrix 1(face A) on ceramic layer
8 ceramic layer 7(face A) on metal level
The first surface (with ceramic layer 7, metal level 8) of A matrix 1
Second (with intermediate layer 2, multilayer system 3) of B matrix 1
(always) thickness of D composite V
D 1the thickness of matrix 1
D 2the thickness in intermediate layer 2
D 3the thickness of multilayer system 3
D 4the thickness of infrared reflecting layer 4
D 5work the thickness of the layer 5 absorbing visible ray effect
D 6the thickness on upper strata 6
D 7the thickness of ceramic layer 7
D 8the thickness of metal level 8
L laser beam
The normal vector of N composite V
R reflectivity
The curve of the reflectivity R of R0 comparative material
The curve of the reflectivity R of RV composite V
V composite
α incidence angle
λ wavelength
Detailed description of the invention
To description later, it is emphasized that: the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, be therefore also not limited to the whole or multiple features in described Feature Combination; In fact, no matter each the single subcharacter in any embodiment, when separating with other all subcharacters of describing of combining, is individualism, or combined with the arbitrary feature in another embodiment, all still has invention meaning.
In different figures, same parts, or the layer especially playing said function is all equipped with same Reference numeral, thus generally only illustrates once hereinafter.
First as shown in Figure 1, according to of the present invention can the composite V(of laser weld especially can be used for manufacturing solar collector element) the first embodiment comprise banded metallic matrix 1.This matrix has first surface A and second B.
Second B of matrix 1 has and can select the intermediate layer 2 of existence and be applied to optical multilayer system 3 on this intermediate layer 2, that can select existence, described multilayer system comprises at least three layers 4,5,6.In the effective multilayer system 3 of this optics, the superiors 4 are insulating barriers, and the layer 5 at middle part mainly works the layer absorbing visible ray effect, and orlop 6 is then a metallic red outer reflective layer.
The superiors 4 especially can be the oxide layer of refractive index n < 1.8, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or carbon oxynitriding layer (carboxynitridischeSchicht).It especially can be chemical composition is TiO z, SiO wor SnO vtitanium, silicon or tin oxide layer, wherein, subscript v, w and z show respectively stoichiometry or the non-stoichiometric of oxidizing component, and are in following scope: 1<V and/or w and/or z≤2, preferably 1.9≤v and/or w and/or z≤2.Can chemical composition be preferably the silicon oxide layer of SiOw, wherein the value of subscript w gets 2.The thickness D4 of the superiors 4 can preferably drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
It is CrO that the main layer 5 playing the effect of absorption visible ray at middle part especially can comprise chemical composition rchromium oxide and/or chemical composition be CrN schromium nitride and/or chemical composition be CrO rn snitrogen chromium oxide, wherein subscript r and s represents stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric respectively, and 0 < r and/or s < 3.This one deck 5 also can select to comprise the fluoride of other metal (instead of chromium), sulfide, nitride, nitrogen oxide and/or carbon oxynitride.Its thickness D 5especially can drop in the scope of 0.01 μm to about 1 μm.
The orlop 6 of optical multilayer system 3 can be preferably made up of gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum.It especially can have a minimum 3nm, the thickness D of the most about 500nm 6.
The first surface A of matrix 1 exists a ceramic coating 7, according to the present invention, the thickness D of this ceramic coating 7drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, meanwhile, the face (being positioned at the bottom of ceramic coating 7 in diagram) of that matrix 1 dorsad of ceramic coating 7 is also designed with a thickness D 8at the metal level 8 of 5nm to 25nm.
The thickness D of ceramic coating 7 7can preferably drop in the scope of 40nm to 95nm, and the thickness D of metal level 8 8then can preferably in the scope of 10nm to 20nm, and particularly preferably 15nm.Metal level 8 can comprise chromium and/or titanium or be made up of these materials completely.
Ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix 1 can be made up of aluminium oxide substantially, wherein, time made of aluminum according to the matrix 1 of composite V of the present invention.Like this, the aluminium oxide of ceramic coating 7 can preferably be formed through anodic oxidation through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening by the aluminium of matrix 1.
The intermediate layer 2 be positioned on second B of matrix 1 also can be preferably ceramic coating 2, and especially can form with the mode manufacture the same with the ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A being positioned at matrix 1.In the aforementioned cases, namely, ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix is made up of aluminium oxide, described aluminium oxide is formed through anodic oxidation through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening by the aluminium of matrix 1, then advantageously can be formed in the ceramic coating 2 on second B of matrix 1 in the operation of ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A forming matrix 1 simultaneously.The thickness D2 of the ceramic coating 2 on second B of matrix 1 especially can be less than 135nm, especially drops in the scope of 3 to 95nm, preferably drops in the scope of 15nm to 45nm.
As further illustrated in Figure 2, second embodiment of composite V of laser weld can comprise a strip metal matrix 1 equally according to of the present invention, this matrix 1 has one with first surface A and second B of ceramic coating 7.According to the present invention, be also here like this design, that is, the thickness D of the ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix 1 7drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, and also there is a thickness D on the face of that matrix 1 dorsad of ceramic coating 7 8at the metal level 8 of 5nm to 25nm.
In addition, the same with the first embodiment of the present invention, second B of matrix 1 also there is a ceramic coating 2, this ceramic coating especially forms intermediate layer 2, and on this intermediate layer, second B of matrix 1 exists the effective multilayer system 3 of an optics, but this multilayer system is only formed by least two layers 4,5.
This multilayer system relates to main that a upper layer 4 and is positioned under this upper layer equally and works the layer 5 absorbing visible ray effect, described upper layer 4 can be the oxide layer of refractive index n < 1.8, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or carbon oxynitriding layer, and described layer 5 forms orlop in this example.This one deck 5 especially can contain titanium-aluminium mixed oxide (Mischoxid) TiAl qo xand/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing (Mischnitrid) TiAl qn yand/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide (Mischoxynitrid) TiAl qo xn y, wherein, subscript q, x and y represent stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric respectively, and are in following scope: 0 < q and/or x and/or y < 3.Make composite with such layer, as made it, with according to the layer 5 containing chromium as described in first embodiment of the invention, composite will to be made to be specially adapted to solar collector, its outstanding part is that manufacture is easy, and has higher spectral selection.
In both embodiments, all layers of the metal level 8 on the first surface A of matrix 1 and the optical multilayer system 3 on the B of another matrix face all can be preferably sputtering layer, especially by the layer that reactive sputtering is formed, chemical vapor deposition layer (CVD layer) or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition layer (PECVD layer) or by evaporation, the layer formed especially by the evaporation of bombarding with electronics or cause with thermal source, and preferably formed with continuous print technique under vacuum state (Vakuumfolge) and be especially applied on ceramic coating 2,7.The applying of Titanium/chromium (Ti/Cr) layer 8 such as can realize preferably by maximum two the tabular magnetrons of use.
Need ben for the intermediate layer 2 existed between matrix 1 and the effective multilayer system of optics 3 in same second embodiment of the invention: when this intermediate layer 2 to be positioned on an aluminium matter matrix and to be made up of aluminium oxide, so no matter whether the light absorbing zone 5 of below comprises titanium-aluminium mixed oxide TiAl qo xand/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing TiAl qn yand/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide TiAl qo xn y, the also oxide layer of the no matter titanium of the layer of top whether be chemical composition be TiOz, SiOw or SnOv, silicon or tin, the thickness D2 in intermediate layer should be not more than 30nm, and this feature is very important.Here, upper strata need be only refraction coefficient be less than 1.7 insulating barrier just enough.Certainly, the refraction coefficient on upper strata also can be larger, and such as, for zinc oxide film, it can be about 1.9, or for titanium dioxide layer, then can be 2.55(anatase) or 2.75(rutile).
It is shocking; when intermediate layer 2 is made with aluminium oxide; and this alumina layer only has minimum thickness; namely its thickness drops on and is not more than in the scope of 30nm; especially drop in the scope of at least 3nm; time in the scope preferably dropping on 15nm to 25nm; this intermediate layer not only can be played as matrix 1 provides the effect of known mechanical protection and anticorrosive protection; optical multilayer system 3 placed on it can be guaranteed to bond well, and it is effective that this intermediate layer 2 and matrix 1 itself also will be made thus also to become optics.Like this, intermediate layer 2 advantageously has high transmission capacity, and matrix 1 also have high, become effective albedo because of the transmission in this intermediate layer 2, thus can save the undermost metal level 6 of the optical multilayer system 3 of the first embodiment, and can not efficiency suffers be made.Like this, saving the processing step for smearing a layer on the one hand, again saving material on the other hand, especially saved the molybdenum that lower side metal level preferably adopts, well-known Precious Metals-Gold and silver and same cost are high.
Such as, utilize above-mentioned two embodiments of the effective multilayer system of optics 3 just can produce according to composite V of the present invention, in this composite, the absorptivity determined according to DIN5036 Part III on second B of matrix 1 has maximum in the wave-length coverage of about 300 to 2500nm and this maximum is greater than 90%, and in the wave-length coverage being greater than 2500nm, has minimum of a value and this minimum of a value is less than 15%.On second B of optical multilayer system 3, be less than 5% according to the determined light total reflectivity of DIN5036 Part III.
Chart shown in Fig. 3 and 4 reflected according to of the present invention can relation between the reflectivity R of the third and fourth embodiment of composite V of laser weld and the wavelength of incident ray L, as reference, a kind of known and relation between the reflectivity of not according to comparative material of the present invention and the wavelength of incident ray is also show in figure, in the drawings, curve RV represents the reflectivity R according to composite V of the present invention, and curve R0 then represents the reflectivity R of described comparative material.
The 3rd embodiment according to composite V of the present invention relates to so a kind of composite, and namely on the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1, depositing a composition is Al 2o 3and thickness D 7for the ceramic coating 7 of 95nm, and Direct precipitation has a composition to be chromium and thickness D on this ceramic coating 7 8for the metal level 8 of 10nm.The 4th embodiment according to composite V of the present invention then relates to so a kind of composite, and namely on the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1, depositing a composition is Al 2o 3and thickness D 7for the ceramic coating 7 of 40nm, and Direct precipitation has a composition to be chromium and thickness D on this ceramic coating 7 8for the metal level 8 of 20nm.In comparative material, the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1 depositing composition is Al 2o 3and thickness D 7for the ceramic coating 7 of 95nm.
Known from the diagram drawn, the incidence angle α of incident ray L is measured as by laser beam L and the plumb line of making on the surface of matrix 1, that is the angle α of normal vector N.In each example, the incidence angle α of laser beam L is 75 °.
Can find out, for Fig. 3 shownschematically according to composite V of the present invention, when the wavelength X of laser beam L is 1064nm, the total reflectivity R determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface A of its matrix 1 is less than 50%, and is especially about 40%.And under identical condition, the reflectivity R of comparative material will exceed about 50%, be approximately 90%.As shown in Figure 3, in the whole trial stretch of wavelength X, according to the reflectivity R of composite V of the present invention when about 48%(wavelength is 500nm) and 42%(wavelength is about 1200nm time) between change, wherein, large when wavelength X is 1000nm, reflectivity R reaches its minimum of a value, and namely 40%.
For shown in Fig. 4 according to composite V of the present invention, when the wavelength X of laser beam is 1064nm, the total reflectivity R determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface A of its matrix 1 is less than 50% equally, but, within the scope of the wavelength X of 500nm to 1200nm, the total reflectivity R of the composite shown in Fig. 4 on average exceeds about 5% to 8% than the total reflectivity R of Fig. 3 shownschematically composite.
Fig. 5 show according to of the present invention can relation between the reflectivity R of the 3rd embodiment of composite V of laser weld and the incidence angle α of the laser beam L of incidence, the relation shown in figure determines to draw when wavelength X is 1064nm.Therefore, identical with the value identified with the same manner in Fig. 3 by the value of the reflectivity R of circle mark in Fig. 5.When angle α changes in the scope of 65 ° to 80 °, reflectivity R raises continuously from about 30%, until about 40%.With regard to angle relation, the test shown in Fig. 4 shows same characteristic, and here, the value (just as previously mentioned) of reflectivity R is upwards passed about less than 10%.
The invention is not restricted to described embodiment, but comprise all mode and the measure in the sense of the present invention with phase same-action.Such as, the ceramic coating in intermediate layer 2 also without aluminium oxide, and can be made with other material.For possible favorable structure and the ideal technology method of the optical multilayer system 3 within the scope of the invention involved by composite V according to the present invention, its detail can referenced patent application file EP1217394B1, EP1217315B1, EP2239086A1, EP2336811 and WO2011/076448A1 completely.
In addition, the present invention is also not limited to the Feature Combination limited in claim 1, and it also can be defined as any other combination by the certain Feature Combination in whole disclosed single features.This means, in principle and in practice, each single feature described in claim 1 can be left out, in other words, each the single feature described in claim 1 can replace by the single feature of at least one in this application disclosed in other places.Especially concerning the layer existed in composite according to the present invention, its sequence as example elaboration is (in described sequence, each layer is directly adjoining each other and make with identical material) do not get rid of following possibility, namely, can continue to arrange other intermediate layer, upper strata and/or lower floor in layer system, in other words, infrared reflecting layer on second B of the layer on the first surface A of matrix 1 and/or sublayer, especially metal level 8 and matrix 14 and main rise absorb visible ray layer 5 itself be also configured to multilayer.Thus, claim 1 is understood to state trial at first for the one of an invention only.

Claims (34)

1. can the composite (V) of laser weld, described composite is applicable to solar collector element, described composite comprise banded, by the metal matrix (1) laser beam to high reverse--bias performance, described matrix has first surface (A) and second (B), wherein, at least on described first surface (A), there is ceramic coating (7)
It is characterized in that, from described matrix, (1) looked, and described ceramic coating (7) exists metal level (8), and the thickness (D to described ceramic coating (7) 7) and the thickness (D of metal level 8) size design, with make the wavelength (λ) of incident laser beam (L) for 1064nm and incidence angle (α) in the scope of 65 ° to 80 ° time, the total reflectivity (R) determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is less than 60%, wherein, the thickness (D of the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 7) drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, the thickness (D of the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 8) drop in the scope of 5nm to 25nm.
2. composite according to claim 1 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 7) drop in the scope of 40nm to 95nm.
3. composite according to claim 1 and 2 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 8) drop in the scope of 10nm to 20nm.
4. composite according to claim 3 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 8) be 15nm.
5. composite according to claim 1 and 2 (V), is characterized in that, the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is made up of aluminium oxide.
6. composite according to claim 5 (V), is characterized in that, the matrix (1) of described composite is made of aluminum.
7. composite according to claim 6 (V), it is characterized in that, the aluminium oxide of the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is formed through anodic oxidation through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening by the aluminium of described matrix (1).
8. composite according to claim 1 and 2 (V), is characterized in that, the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) comprises chromium and/or titanium or is made up of these materials completely.
9. composite according to claim 1 and 2 (V), is characterized in that, to the thickness (D of described ceramic coating (7) 7) and the thickness (D of described metal level (8) 8) size design, with make the wavelength (λ) of incident laser beam (L) for 1064nm and incidence angle (α) in the scope of 65 ° to 80 ° time, the total reflectivity (R) determined according to DIN5036 Part III on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is less than 50%.
10. composite according to claim 9 (V), is characterized in that, described total reflectivity (R) is less than 40%.
11. composites (V) according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that there is ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1), and this ceramic coating forms intermediate layer.
12. composites according to claim 11 (V), it is characterized in that, the ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1) makes by the mode same with the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) being positioned at described matrix (1).
13. composites according to claim 12 (V), it is characterized in that, second (B) of described matrix (1) exists the effective multilayer system of optics (3), and this multilayer system comprises to least two layers (4,5).
14. composites according to claim 12 (V), it is characterized in that, second (B) of described matrix (1) exists the effective multilayer system of optics (3), and this multilayer system comprises at least three layers (4,5,6).
15. composites (V) according to claim 13 or 14, it is characterized in that, described metal level (8) and/or the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) are be applied to ceramic coating (7 with continuous print vacuum belt cladding process at least partly, 2) on, the first surface (A) that described ceramic coating (7,2) is positioned at described matrix (1) is gone up and/or is positioned on second (B) of described matrix (1).
16. composites according to claim 13 (V), it is characterized in that, the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) comprises the layer (4 of two insulation and/or oxidation, 5), i.e. upper layer (4) and to be positioned under this upper layer and mainly to play the layer (5) of absorption visible ray effect, described upper layer (4) is the oxide layer of refractive index n < 1.8, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or carbon oxynitriding layer.
17. composites according to claim 14 (V), it is characterized in that, the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) comprises three layers (4,5,6), wherein, upper layer (4) is the layer of insulation and/or oxidation, the main layer working layer (5) the formation middle part absorbing visible ray effect, and orlop (6) is metallic red outer reflective layer.
18. composites according to claim 17 (V), is characterized in that, described orlop (6) is made with gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum.
19. composites according to claim 17 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of described orlop (6) 6) drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
20., according to claim 16 to the composite (V) one of 19 described, is characterized in that, described main play absorb visible ray effect layer (5) containing titanium-aluminium mixed oxide TiAl qo xand/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing TiAl qn yand/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide TiAl qo xn ywherein, subscript q, x and y represent stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric respectively, and 0 < q < 3, and/or 0 < x < 3, and/or 0 < y < 3.
21., according to claim 16 to the composite (V) one of 19 described, is characterized in that, describedly mainly work the layer (5) absorbing visible ray effect to comprise chemical composition be CrO rchromium oxide and/or chemical composition be CrN schromium nitride and/or chemical composition be CrO rn snitrogen chromium oxide, wherein subscript r and s represents stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric respectively, and 0 < r < 3, and/or 0 < s < 3.
22. according to claim 16 to the composite (V) one of 19 described, and it is characterized in that, described upper layer (4) is chemical composition is TiO z, SiO wor SnO vtitanium, silicon or tin oxide layer, wherein, subscript v, w and z represent stoichiometry in oxidizing component or non-stoichiometric respectively, and 1 < v≤2, and/or 1 < w≤2, and/or 1 < z≤2.
23. composites according to claim 22 (V), is characterized in that, wherein, and 1.9≤v≤2, and/or 1.9≤w≤2, and/or 1.9≤z≤2.
24. composites (V) according to claim 13 or 14, it is characterized in that, ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1) is formed through anodic oxidation through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening by the aluminium of described matrix (1), and, intermediate layer is formed, the thickness (D in this intermediate layer below the effective multilayer system of optics (3) of described matrix (1) 2) be less than 135nm.
25. composites according to claim 24 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D in described intermediate layer 2) drop in the scope of 3 to 95nm.
26. composites according to claim 25 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D in described intermediate layer 2) drop in the scope of 15nm to 45nm.
27. composites (V) according to claim 13 or 14, it is characterized in that, ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1) is formed through anodic oxidation through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening by the aluminium of described matrix (1), and, intermediate layer is formed, the thickness (D in this intermediate layer below the effective multilayer system of optics (3) of described matrix (1) 2) be less than 30nm.
28. composites according to claim 27 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D in described intermediate layer 2) drop in the scope of 15 to 25nm.
29. composites (V) according to claim 16 or 17, is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the upper layer (4) of the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) 4) drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
30. composites (V) according to claim 16 or 17, is characterized in that, the main thickness (D playing the layer (5) of absorption visible ray effect of the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) 5) drop in the scope of 0.01 μm to 1.00 μm.
31. composites (V) according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, the absorptivity determined according to DIN5036 Part III on second (B) of described matrix (1) has maximum in the wave-length coverage of 300 to 2500nm and this maximum is greater than 90%, and in the wave-length coverage being greater than 2500nm, has minimum of a value and this minimum of a value is less than 15%.
32. composites (V) according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, second (B) of the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) be less than 5% according to the determined light total reflectivity of DIN5036 Part III.
33. composites according to claim 1 and 2 (V), it is characterized in that, described composite is configured to winding, and the width of this winding is up to 1600mm and thickness drops in the scope of 0.1mm to 1.5mm.
34. composites according to claim 33 (V), it is characterized in that, the thickness of described winding drops in the scope of 0.2 to 0.8mm.
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