CN103100764B - Design method of 0-degree tooth profile angle helical tooth finish turning gear shaving cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a 0-degree tooth profile angle helical tooth finish turning gear shaving cutter. The design method comprises the following steps of: (1) confirming a radius Rb of a base circle: according to the structure of a used machine tool and a cutter, confirming the Rb; (2) selecting value of a base circle helical angle betab0: betab0 being from 10 degrees to 20 degrees; (3) confirming the helical direction which is consistent with the helical direction of a machining gear; (4) preliminarily calculating the number of teeth z0 of the cutter; (5) accounting an actual base circle helical angle beta*0; (6) confirming a radius R of an outer circle: R=R*b+ delta R; (7) confirming the width B of the cutter; (8) confirming a cutter tooth groove spiral lead P; (9) confirming a cutter blade normal relief angle alpha N; (10) confirming a cutter tooth groove normal section angle epsilon, and value of the epsilon ranging from 25 degrees to 30 degrees; (11) confirming the tooth top width b of the cutter tooth: b=mn; (12) confirming the groove depth h of the cutter tooth: h= (2.25-2.3)mn; (13) confirming the radius r1 of a tooth top arc of the end face: r1=0.25mn; and (14) confirming the radius r2 of a groove bottom arc of the cutter tooth: r2= (0.25-0.3)mn.

Description

The method for designing of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of finish turning gear shaver, or rather, the present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver.

Background technology

After finish turning shaving method comes across the current crown shaving method that has obtained extensive use, history is still not too of a specified duration, finish turning gear shaver used (refers to " Design of Gear Cutting Tools theoretical foundation ", mechanical industry office of Sichuan Province compiles, 1982) with processed gear in the time that car is shaved Gear shape process, still Special composition crossed helical gear engaged transmission there is relative sliding velocity by helical gear point gearing and the flank of tooth and carry out flank of tooth fine finishining, but there is remarkable difference in both.

1. the cutter tooth side of crown shaving cutter (being knife face after cutter) has chip pocket (being cutter rake face) and forms blade, could cut and form the flank of tooth, so blade cutting is discontinuous when the point on blade only has by path of contact.Machining gears profile of tooth is formed by envelope, is to be envelope generate, and finish turning gear shaver forms continuous knife blade with conjugate tooth profiles contact wire, and blade continuous cutting forms the flank of tooth, is to be conjugation generate, can significantly improve cutting efficiency and improve crudy.

Crown shaving cutter reface after knife face (gradually open cylinder or involute helicoid), each sharpening chip pocket all shoals, the number of times of refacing, cutter life are limited.The finish turning gear shaver rake face (transverse plane or the hyperboloid of one sheet) of refacing, increases finish turning gear shaver width and can improve reface number of times and cutter life.

3. crown shaving process is free transmission, and finish turning shaving is for forcing transmission, therefore can eliminate processed gear form error, can improve again gear pitch error, and can the larger gear of finish turning Shaving Process surplus.

Obviously, finish turning shaving has certain superiority compared with crown shaving aspect raising crudy and efficiency.But finish turning shaving application is up to now not general, (as the PF150 of the special company of former German popularize law) that success is developed is uncommon yet, analyzes, concludes that there are the following problems:

1), by existing finish turning gear shaver configuration, not only can process helical gear but also can process the helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of spur gear, knife face (A thereafter _α) be involute helicoid, rake face (A _γ) be the hyperboloid of one sheet that path of contact forms around tool axis revolution, manufacture, sharpening complexity.By rear knife face (A _α) make gradually open cylinder, rake face (A _γ) make the straight-tooth finish turning gear shaver of transverse plane, to manufacture, sharpening is simple, but only can process helical gear, machining gears kind is limited.

2) the theoretical relief angle of cutter depends on the flank of tooth relief amount that conjugate tooth profiles induced normal curvature forms.Relief angle value is too small, thereby causes that cutter crosses quick-wearing, and requires the tool setting must be very accurate, otherwise causes that blade gnaws cutter or the processing flank of tooth band that occurs colding pressing.

3) for solving relief angle too small problem, the design of finish turning gear shaver and the calculation of complex of additional appearance relief angle, and added theoretical profiling error for finish turning gear shaver.

4) for the finish turning gear shaver of the hard flank of tooth of scraping, even if adopt the comparatively simple straight-tooth finish turning gear shaver of configuration, its carbide alloy insert knife-tooth structure also quite complicated, difficulty make and cost high.

5) at present, be still only applicable to the Gear Processing of less modulus (m).

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention be overcome design and calculation of complex, manufacture and sharpening complexity that prior art exists, had theoretical profiling error, insert knife-tooth structure is complicated and expensive, machining gears kind and the problem such as modulus is restricted, and a kind of method for designing of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is provided.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the step of the method for designing of 0 ° of described profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is as follows:

1) determine base radius R _b

Determine R according to using lathe and cutter structure _b, the .mm of unit;

2) choose Base spiral angle β _b0

β _b0value is 10 °～20 °;

3) determine rotary orientation

Must be consistent with the rotation direction of machining gears;

4) just calculate cutter number of teeth z ₀

$z_0=\frac{2R_b\cos {\mathrm{\β}}_{b0}}{m_n\cos {\mathrm{\α}}_n}$

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears, α _n-machining gears normal direction pressure angle of graduated circle;

Calculate z ₀be not integer, shall be rounded up into integer Z ^* ₀, and make Z ^* ₀with machining gears number of teeth z without common factor;

5) adjust actual Base spiral angle

${\mathrm{\β}}_{b0}^{*}=\arccos \frac{{z^{*}}_0{m}_n{\cos \mathrm{\α}}_n}{{2R}_b},$ Unit. degree;

This walks accounting value as undesirable, by changing just fixed R _bvalue is R ^* _b, the .mm of unit, reaches optimal design;

6) determine exradius R

R=R ^* _b+ △ R, the .mm of unit;

In formula: R ^* _b-R _bchange value, △ R-radius is for mill amount, the .mm of unit; △ R is less than engagement tip clearance c ^*m _n, orthodont tip clearance coefficient c processed ^*=0.25, i.e. △ R < 0.25m _n, the .mm of unit;

7) determine the wide B of cutter

$B=\frac{2.25m_n}{\sin \mathrm{\&psi;}}+\mathrm{\&Delta;B},$ The .mm of unit,

In formula: the wide amount of swelling of △ B-cutter, the .mm of unit, △ B is not less than 10mm;

8) determine cutter tooth groove lead of screw P

$P=\frac{{z^{*}}_0\mathrm{\&pi;}{m}_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}{\sin {\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}^{*}},$ The .mm of unit;

9) determine blade normal relief angle α _n

Cutting steel gear, value is 8 °～12 °;

10) determine that cutter tooth channel process is to cuttable shape angle ε

ε value is 25 °～30 °;

11) determine cutter tooth tooth top width b

B=m _n, the .mm of unit,

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears;

12) determine cutter tooth groove depth h

H=(2.25～2.3) m _n, the .mm of unit;

13) determine end-tooth tip circle arc radius r ₁

R ₁=0.25m _n, the .mm of unit;

14) determine cutter tooth gullet radius r ₂

R ₂=(0.25～0.3) m _n, the .mm of unit.

Compared with prior art the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of the present invention is because configuration is very simple and easy, be analogous to a prevailing helical tooth plain milling cutter, can guarantee to reach gear shaper without theoretical profiling error that goal of the invention proposes, calculate simple, ensure optimum clearance angle, sharpening is convenient, inserted easily, correction of the flank shape is easy, soft, the hard flank of tooth all can be processed, the target reducing costs.Straight-tooth to large, medium and small modulus, angular gear are promoted and are adopted high efficiency car to shave technique to provide advantage.

Brief description of the drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated:

Fig. 1 is the configuration principle figure of existing finish turning gear shaver;

Fig. 2 is that space crossed axle, medium tooth bar are the helical gear flank of tooth engagement figure that 0 ° of tooth bar contacts with conjugate tooth profiles straight line;

Fig. 3 is 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver rake face of the present invention and blade configuration schematic diagram;

Fig. 4-a is the front view of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning construction de-sign of the present invention;

Fig. 4-b is the right view of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning construction de-sign of the present invention;

Fig. 4-c is N-N place partial sectional view in figure 4 – b;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of the present invention is installed;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver rake face of the present invention correction of the flank shape;

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is explained in detail:

Consult Fig. 1, shown in figure is the configuration of existing helical teeth finish turning gear shaver.This finish turning gear shaver configuration is that space crossed axle, medium tooth bar are the helical gear engagement system (crossed axis angle ψ=β+β of basic rack (profile angle is 20 °), the contact of conjugate tooth profiles point routinely ₀, centre-to-centre spacing A=r+R ₀, β-machining gears spiral angle of graduated circle, β ₀-car razor spiral angle of graduated circle, r-machining gears reference radius, R ₀-finish turning gear shaver reference radius), rake face A _γin order to be cut in cutter base cylinder, (radius is R ₀) and the hyperboloid of one sheet that is rotarily formed around cutter shaft of straight line path of contact FF that tilts with cutter shaft, rear knife face A _αbe the cutter generating surface of involute helicoid, rake face A _γwith rear knife face A _αcut and hand over the blade that forms spatial complex shape.Because path of contact FF is unique establishment, so configuration is also unique.Only have when after knife face A _αduring for open cylinder gradually, path of contact FF is spatial vertical with cutter shaft and intersects, the rake face A forming around cutter shaft revolution _γfor knife end plane, blade is the involute in transverse plane, the configuration of Here it is straight-tooth finish turning gear shaver.By some contact conjugation process, the blade point of finish turning gear shaver is only passing through the instantaneous of path of contact, and this point is machining flank of tooth.

Consult Fig. 2, the helical gear that is 0 ° of tooth bar, the contact of conjugate tooth profiles straight line for space crossed axle, medium tooth bar shown in figure engages feature.Base radius is r _bmachining gears, its dextrorotation, Base spiral angle are β _bhelical gear flank of tooth ∑, with cutter generating surface ∑ ₀(dextrorotation, Base spiral angle are β _b0involute helicoid), at crossed axis angle ψ=β _b+ β _b0, centre-to-centre spacing A=r _b+ R _bcondition under, between two base cylinders, there is public tangent plane Q, be the field of conjugate action in when engagement, by diagram motion revolution is done while determining than transmission, meets formula

wherein: z-machining gears number of teeth, z ₀-cutter the number of teeth;

Helical gear flank of tooth ∑ and cutter generating surface ∑ ₀form the conjugate tooth profiles taking straight line MN as instantaneous contact line, MN is also helical gear flank of tooth ∑ and cutter generating surface ∑ simultaneously ₀straight line generation line.Cross the perpendicular helical gear flank of tooth ∑ of MN and public tangent plane Q and cutter generating surface ∑ ₀public tangent plane T be exactly the flank of tooth of 0 ° of profile angle medium tooth bar, follow conjugate principle.No matter its shape of the blade on cutter generating surface is how, contact in conjugation process with processing flank lines, processing a trace that all can form on the flank of tooth with blade conjugation, on every instantaneous blade, select the machining flank of tooth in the time being public tangent plane Q by the field of conjugate action.Trace on the processing flank of tooth is again through the cutter feed campaign relative with machining gears, and inswept full-depth tooth face, completes car and shave processing.Obviously, the cutting edge shape of 0 ° of profile angle finish turning gear shaver of configuration is not unique establishment, can be according to manufacturing process, detection, cutting angle and cutting ability, insert structure, sharpening way ... be optimized design in the hope of further performance improvement and reduce costs.

Consult Fig. 3, below adopt 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of blade optimal design of cylindrical screw wire shaped.Blade is by the face of cylinder (rake face A _γ) and involute helicoid (cutter generating surface ∑ ₀) section intergrowth one-tenth, different radii (R _b, R ₁, R ₂, R) the face of cylinder cut intergrowth and become blade S ₁, S ₂, S, though their cylindrical radius differences of living in, helical angle difference are all positioned at same cutter generating surface ∑ ₀upper, and there is identical lead of screw P, can meet processing needs.This characteristic is that 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver configuration, design and manufacture, sharpening bring great convenience.

1) by R to R _breduce gradually to mean rake face A _γcan be used as cutter refaces surface and can not produce the theoretical error of refacing.Radius is for mill amount △ R<R-R _b.

2) consult Fig. 4-a, the circular knife teeth groove that adopts the lead of screw P equating with blade to make, a side of configuration blade is rear knife face A _αno matter how cutter tooth groove cuts shape, arrive R with R _bthe face of cylinder all can cut and surrender the helix blade that correct lead of screw P is constant.And and aforesaid rake face A _γwith cutter generating surface ∑ ₀the blade character of cutting intergrowth one-tenth is consistent, therefore rear knife face A _αalso can be used as the surface of refacing.The rake face A of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver _γ, rear knife face A _αcan realize alternately sharpening, increase cutter life.

3) consult Fig. 4-c, it is not limited that cutter tooth groove cuts shape, makes rear knife face A _αmake concave shape, form optimum clearance angle, i.e. figure midship section normal relief angle α _n.

In Fig. 4-a, be 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver by above-mentioned configuration, its profile, structure and the prevailing helical tooth cylindrical milling cutter of pressing peripheral milling plane are almost in full accord, be that both have the identical spiral cutting edge on the face of cylinder that is distributed in, the rake face of different is helical tooth cylindrical milling cutter is equivalent to the rear knife face of 0 ° of car razor, and the rear knife face of helical tooth cylindrical milling cutter is equivalent to the rake face of 0 ° of car razor.

The method for designing of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is taking master gear basic circle parameter as basis, and the step of the method for designing of 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is as follows:

1. determine base radius R _b

Determine R according to using lathe and cutter structure _b, the .mm of unit.

2. choose Base spiral angle β _b0

β _b0value is 10 °～20 °, β _b0value affects the sliding velocity of blade, β _b0can not be 0, otherwise become straight-tooth, limitedly can not process spur gear.

3. determine rotary orientation

Must be consistent with the rotation direction of machining gears.

4. just calculate cutter number of teeth z ₀

$z_0=\frac{2R_b\cos {\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}}{m_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}$

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears, α _n-machining gears normal direction pressure angle of graduated circle;

Calculate z ₀be not integer, should become integer Z by upper and lower rounding ^* ₀, and make Z ^* ₀with machining gears number of teeth z without common factor.

5. adjust actual Base spiral angle

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}^{*}=\arccos \frac{{z^{*}}_0{m}_n{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}{{2R}_b},$ Unit. degree;

This walks accounting value as undesirable, by changing just fixed R _bvalue is R ^* _b, the .mm of unit, reaches optimal design.

6. determine exradius R

R=R ^* _b+ △ R, the .mm of unit;

In formula: R ^* _b-R _bchange value, △ R-radius is for mill amount, the .mm of unit; △ R is less than engagement tip clearance c ^*m _n, orthodont tip clearance coefficient c processed ^*=0.25; Be △ R<0.25m _n, the .mm of unit;

7. determine the wide B of cutter

$B=\frac{2.25m_n}{\sin \mathrm{\&psi;}}+\mathrm{\&Delta;B},$ The .mm of unit,

In formula: the wide amount of swelling of △ B-cutter, the .mm of unit, according to machining gears modulus and cutter structure and determine, △ B should be not less than 10mm;

8. determine cutter tooth groove lead of screw P

$P=\frac{{z^{*}}_0\mathrm{\&pi;}{m}_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}{\sin {\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}^{*}},$ The .mm of unit;

9. determine blade normal relief angle α _n

Cutting steel gear, value is 8 °～12 °.

10. determine that cutter tooth channel process is to cuttable shape angle ε

ε value is 25 °～30 °.

11. determine cutter tooth tooth top width b

B=m _n, the .mm of unit,

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears;

12. determine cutter tooth groove depth h

H=(2.25～2.3) m _n, the .mm of unit,

13. determine end-tooth tip circle arc radius r ₁

R ₁=0.25m _n, the .mm of unit,

14. determine cutter tooth gullet radius r ₂

R ₂=(0.25～0.3) m _n, the .mm of unit.

Two problems will illustrating of finally still needing:

Consult Fig. 5 and Fig. 2, shown in the one, figure, 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is the offset distance position between public tangent plane Q and machining gears along the field of conjugate action, should be by the minimum profile curvature radius ρ of machining gears involute profile tooth root place _minadjust, to ensure to cut enough involute length, do not produce again cutter interference, cutting campaign, if the cutter revolution being indicated in figure, gear revolution and cutter are along gear shaft to feed, is as good as with existing car shaving.

Consult Fig. 6, in addition 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver outer cylinder surface is accomplished to concave surface as shown in the figure, corresponding helix blade obtains correction of the flank shape.Tooth top to the machining gears flank of tooth in cutting process and tooth root part produced cuts, and reaches the cydariform correction of the flank shape object of the flank of tooth.

Following list is to existing finish turning gear shaver and 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of the present invention comparative analysis:

Contrast by upper table, can clearly find out, 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver of the present invention is because configuration is very simple and easy, be analogous to a prevailing helical tooth plain milling cutter, can guarantee to reach gear shaper without theoretical profiling error that goal of the invention proposes, calculate simply, ensure optimum clearance angle, sharpening is convenient, inserted easily, correction of the flank shape is easy, soft, the hard flank of tooth all can be processed, the target reducing costs.Straight-tooth to large, medium and small modulus, angular gear are promoted and are adopted high efficiency car to shave technique to provide advantage.

Embodiment

Machining gears initial parameter

?	m n	β	α n	Z	X
						Example 1	3	8°	20°	14～150	0
Example 2	3	10°	20°	14～150	0

Example 3	6	10°	20°	14～150	0
						Example 4	6	15°	20°	14～150	0
Example 5	10	20°	20°	14～150	0

Orthodont addendum coefficient processed and tip clearance coefficient are respectively: h ^* _a=1, c ^*=0.25

Cutter parameters:

Material: high-speed steel

Rotary orientation is consistent with machining gears

?	R b	β b0	β * b0	Z 0	Z * 0	R	B
								Example 1	33	10°	10.76°	22.36	23	33.7	36.1
Example 2	36	10°	11.8°	24.45	25	36.7	32.9
								Example 3	52	15°	12.60°	17.47	18	53.4	55.3
Example 4	66	15°	10.76°	22.3	23	67.4	50.7
								Example 5	112	20°	15.23°	22.4	23	114.3	57.0

?	P	α N	ε	b	h	r 1	r 2
								Example 1	1091.0	10°	27.5°	3	6.8	0.75	0.83
Example 2	1082.7	10°	27.5°	3	6.8	0.75	0.83
								Example 3	1461.5	10°	27.5°	6	13.7	1.50	1.65
Example 4	2182.0	10°	27.5°	6	13.7	1.50	1.65
								Example 5	2584.6	10°	27.5°	10	22.8	2.50	2.75

Claims (1)

1. a method for designing for 0 ° of profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver, is characterized in that, the step of the method for designing of 0 ° of described profile angle helical teeth finish turning gear shaver is as follows:

1) determine base radius R _b

Determine R according to using lathe and cutter structure _b, the .mm of unit;

2) choose Base spiral angle β _b0

β _b0value is 10 °～20 °;

3) determine rotary orientation

Must be consistent with the rotation direction of machining gears;

4) just calculate cutter number of teeth z ₀

$z_0=\frac{2R_b\cos {\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}}{m_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}$

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears, α _n-machining gears normal direction pressure angle of graduated circle;

Calculate z ₀be not integer, shall be rounded up into integer Z ^* ₀, and make Z ^* ₀with machining gears number of teeth z without common factor;

5) adjust actual Base spiral angle

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}^{*}=\arccos \frac{{z^{*}}_0{m}_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}{2R_b},$ Unit. degree;

This walks accounting value as undesirable, by changing just fixed R _bvalue is R ^* _b, the .mm of unit, reaches optimal design;

6) determine exradius R

R=R ^* _b+ △ R, the .mm of unit;

In formula: R ^* _b-R _bchange value, △ R-radius is for mill amount, the .mm of unit; △ R is less than engagement tip clearance c ^*m _n, orthodont tip clearance coefficient c processed ^*=0.25, i.e. △ R<0.25m _n, the .mm of unit;

7) determine the wide B of cutter

$B=\frac{2.25m_n}{\sin \mathrm{\&psi;}}+\mathrm{\&Delta;B},$ The .mm of unit,

In formula: the wide amount of swelling of △ B-cutter, the .mm of unit, △ B is not less than 10mm, ψ-crossed axis angle, unit. degree, ψ=β _b+ β _b0;

8) determine cutter tooth groove lead of screw P

$P=\frac{{z^{*}}_0\mathrm{\&pi;}{m}_n\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_n}{\sin {\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{b0}^{*}},$ The .mm of unit;

9) determine blade normal relief angle α _n

Cutting steel gear, value is 8 °～12 °;

10) determine that cutter tooth channel process is to cuttable shape angle ε

ε value is 25 °～30 °;

11) determine cutter tooth tooth top width b

B=m _n, the .mm of unit,

In formula: m _nthe normal module of-machining gears;

12) determine cutter tooth groove depth h

H=(2.25～2.3) m _n, the .mm of unit;

13) determine end-tooth tip circle arc radius r ₁

R ₁=0.25m _n, the .mm of unit;

14) determine cutter tooth gullet radius r ₂

R ₂=(0.25～0.3) m _n, the .mm of unit.