CN103095106A - Double-edge pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation voltage-type control method of output capacitance low equivalent series resistance (ESR) switch convertor and device thereof - Google Patents

Double-edge pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation voltage-type control method of output capacitance low equivalent series resistance (ESR) switch convertor and device thereof Download PDF

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CN103095106A
CN103095106A CN2013100233473A CN201310023347A CN103095106A CN 103095106 A CN103095106 A CN 103095106A CN 2013100233473 A CN2013100233473 A CN 2013100233473A CN 201310023347 A CN201310023347 A CN 201310023347A CN 103095106 A CN103095106 A CN 103095106A
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voltage
signal
control
convertor
switch
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周国华
杨平
陈章勇
许建平
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a double-edge pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation voltage-type control method of an output capacitance low equivalent series resistance (ESR) switch convertor and a device thereof. Currents flowing through an output capacitance are detected under conditions with no affecting output voltage ripple. A current detecting signal ic is obtained. Meanwhile, an output voltage is measured, and an output voltage detecting signal Vo is obtained. The current detecting signal ic and the output voltage detecting signal Vo are counted up to obtain a signal Vos. A duty ratio signal is generated by a voltage control signal Vc and the signal Vos through a duty ratio builder. A control time sequence composed of conduction, turn-off and conduction or turn-off, conduction and turn-off is further produced through a control time sequence builder. The conduction and the turn-off of a switch pipe of switch convertors are controlled by the control time sequence. The double-edge pulse PWM modulation voltage-type control method of the output capacitance low ESR switch convertor and the device thereof can be used for controlling switch convertors with various such as a Buck convertor, a Buck 2 convertor, a Cuk convertor, a Zeta convertor a single-tube normal shock convertor, a double-tube normal shock convertor, a push-pull convertor, a push-poll normal shock convertor, a half-bridge convertor and a full-bridge convertor and has the advantages of being low ripple in output voltage and no low frequency oscillation in output voltage, wide in stable range, quick in transient response speed and high in voltage stabilization accuracy.

Description

The two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance and device thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronic equipment, especially a kind of control method of switch converters and device thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, power electronic device technology and electric electronic current change technology development have become the focus of application and research as the switch power technology of power electronics key areas.Switching Power Supply mainly is made of switch converters and controller two parts.Switch converters is called again the power main circuit, mainly contain step-down (Buck), boost (Boost), buck (Buck-Boost), normal shock, instead swash, the various topological structures such as half-bridge, full-bridge.Controller is used for the operating state of monitoring switch converter, and produces control wave control switch pipe, regulates the energy of supply load with stable output.For same switch converters, different control methods makes converter have different transient states and steady-state behaviour.
It is the most common switch converters control method that traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage-type is controlled, its control thought is: converter output voltage and reference voltage are compared the error signal that obtains and generate after through the error amplifier compensation and control voltage, and will control voltage and the fixed frequency sawtooth waveforms compares, obtain pulse control signal, by the turn-on and turn-off of drive circuit control switch pipe, realize the adjusting of switch converters output voltage again.In recent years, increasing application scenario requires its power supply to have fast dynamic response speed and low output voltage ripple characteristics, some precision voltage sources, Military Power even require the output voltage ripple coefficient less than 0.5%, and this just requires equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of its power supply outlet side electric capacity lower.Traditional PWM modulation electric die mould control method realizes simple, but because adopting error amplifier, has the shortcomings such as mapping is poor, COMPENSATION NETWORK DESIGN is complicated, is difficult to meet design requirement.In the less situation of output capacitance ESR, this output voltage that contains PWM modulation (also referred to as single edge PWM modulation) the voltage-type control switch converter of sawtooth waveforms and error amplifier can produce low-frequency oscillation.Monocycle crest voltage control method, it is one of PWM modulation electric die mould control method that contains rest-set flip-flop, has load dynamic response capability fast, but the method depends on the ESR of output capacitance, ESR is hour cisco unity malfunction too, simultaneously, the method can produce subharmonic oscillation at duty greater than the switch converters of controlling at 0.5 o'clock, can not steady operation.Two edge PWM modulator approaches claim again triangle PWM modulation, are divided into the modulation of triangle trailing edge and the modulation of triangle leading edge, and its basic thought is: each switch periods, switching tube adopt the control sequential of conducting, shutoff, conducting or shutoff, conducting, shutoff successively.Control with single edge PWM modulation electric die mould and compare, adopt the switch converters of two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods not only to keep the advantage of single edge PWM modulation electric die mould control method, and have the good advantage of mapping; But in the less situation of output capacitance ESR, adopt the output voltage of two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converters still can produce low-frequency oscillation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the control method of the low ESR switch converters of a kind of output capacitance, make it to have simultaneously good mapping and steady-state behaviour, be applicable to the switch converters of the various topological structures of output voltage low ripple.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that its goal of the invention adopts is: the two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance, each switch periods zero hour, detect in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple the electric current that flows through output capacitance, obtain current detection signal i c, detect simultaneously output voltage, obtain voltage sense signal V oWith current detection signal i cWith voltage sense signal V oAddition obtains signal V osVoltage control signal V cWith signal V osGenerate duty cycle signals through the duty ratio maker; Duty cycle signals produces one group of control sequential, conducting and the shutoff of control switch converter switches pipe through controlling the sequential maker.
The two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance of the present invention 1. at each switch periods actuating switch zero hour pipe, are controlled the sequential maker and are produced the control sequential that is comprised of conducting, shutoff, conducting; 2. at each the switch periods on-off switching tube zero hour, control the sequential maker and produce the control sequential that is formed by shutoff, conducting, shutoff.
Voltage control signal V cEqual reference voltage V refOr voltage control signal V cBy reference voltage V refWith signal V osProduce through error amplifier.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, compare with two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converters with the existing single edge that contains sawtooth waveforms and error amplifier, in the low ESR situation of output capacitance, the output voltage of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance of the present invention is without low-frequency oscillation, and stability is good, and the precision of voltage regulation is high; When load or input voltage variation, output voltage transient state overshoot is little, and the adjusting time is short, and mapping is good.
Two, compare with the existing PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter that contains rest-set flip-flop, form modulation signal after all adopting output capacitance current information and the stack of output voltage information in the low ESR situation of output capacitance, the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance of the present invention is stable in full duty cycle range, the precision of voltage regulation is high, and steady-state behaviour is good.
Three, compare with the existing PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter that contains rest-set flip-flop, form modulation signal after all adopting output capacitance current information and the stack of output voltage information in the low ESR situation of output capacitance, in duty ratio less than 0.5 o'clock, after load is undergone mutation, the low ESR switch converters output voltage of output capacitance of the present invention and inductive current transient state overshoot are little, the adjusting time is short, and mapping is good.
another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device of realizing the two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of above-mentioned output capacitance, by current detection circuit IS, voltage detecting circuit VS, adder ADD, voltage controller VCM, duty ratio maker DG, control sequential maker CP, drive circuit DR forms, wherein: voltage detecting circuit VS, adder ADD, duty ratio maker DG, control sequential maker CP, drive circuit DR is connected successively, voltage controller VCM is connected with duty ratio maker DG, current detection circuit IS is connected with adder ADD, adder ADD is connected with voltage controller VCM.
Described voltage controller VCM is divided into two kinds: the one, error amplifier EA is arranged, reference voltage V refWith signal V osRespectively as the input of error amplifier EA; The 2nd, there is no error amplifier EA, voltage controller VCM is only for producing reference voltage signal V refDevice.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the signal flow graph of the embodiment of the present invention one method.
Fig. 2 is the signal flow graph of the voltage controller VCM of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the present invention one, signal V os, voltage control signal V c, ON time, turn-off time, clock signal and drive the schematic diagram that concerns between signal.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention one and the PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter output voltage V under limit that contains rest-set flip-flop oWith signal V osThe time-domain-simulation oscillogram.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention one and the time-domain-simulation oscillogram that contains PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter output voltage when load changing of rest-set flip-flop.
Fig. 7 is in the embodiment of the present invention two, signal V os, voltage control signal V c, ON time, turn-off time, clock signal and drive the schematic diagram that concerns between signal.
Fig. 8 is the circuit structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two.
In Fig. 5: a is the output voltage V of PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter when stable state that contains rest-set flip-flop oWith signal V osWaveform; B is the output voltage V of the embodiment of the present invention one when stable state oWith signal V osWaveform.
In Fig. 6: a is the output voltage waveforms of PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter when load changing that contains rest-set flip-flop; B is the output voltage waveforms of the embodiment of the present invention one when load changing.
Embodiment
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is done further detailed description below by concrete example.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 illustrates, a kind of embodiment of the present invention is: the two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance and device DEM thereof, its DEM device mainly are comprised of current detection circuit IS, voltage detecting circuit VS, adder ADD, voltage controller VCM, duty ratio maker DG, control sequential maker CP, drive circuit DR.Voltage detecting circuit VS is used for obtaining output voltage information, and current detection circuit IS is used for obtaining in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple the current information that flows through output capacitance, and voltage controller VCM is for generation of voltage control signal V cDuty ratio maker DG is for generation of duty ratio d, and resolve into two conducting duty cycle signals and one and turn-off duty cycle signals, control sequential maker CP for generation of the control sequential of conducting, shutoff, conducting, via drive circuit DR, conducting and the shutoff of control switch converter TD switching tube.
Fig. 2 illustrates, and this routine voltage controller VCM is divided into two kinds: the one, error amplifier EA is arranged, reference voltage V refWith signal V osAs the input of error amplifier EA, the output of error amplifier EA is voltage control signal V respectively cThe 2nd, there is no error amplifier EA, voltage controller VCM is only for producing reference voltage signal V refDevice, reference voltage signal V refBe voltage control signal V c
This example adopts the device of Fig. 3, can realize easily and quickly above-mentioned control method.Fig. 3 illustrates, and the device of the two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of this routine output capacitance is comprised of the control device DEM of converter TD and switching tube S.Fig. 4 is this routine signal V os, voltage control signal V c, ON time, turn-off time, clock signal and drive the schematic diagram that concerns between signal.
Its course of work of the device of this example and principle are:
The course of work and principle that control device DEM adopts two edge PWM modulation electric die moulds to control are: Fig. 3, Fig. 4 illustrate, at each switch periods (being the clock cycle) the actuating switch pipe zero hour, detect in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple current detection circuit I S the electric current that flows through converter TD output capacitance C, obtain current detection signal i c, simultaneously, voltage detecting circuit VS detects the output voltage of converter TD, obtains voltage sense signal V oWith current detection signal i cWith voltage sense signal V oAddition obtains signal V os, voltage control signal V CWith signal V osGenerate duty cycle signals d=K through the duty ratio maker 1+ K 2(V c-V os), K wherein 1And K 2Be two and signal V osThe relevant coefficient of ripple; Duty cycle signals d is divided into two conducting duty cycle signals and a shutoff duty cycle signals, wherein two conducting duty ratio sums are d, the shutoff duty ratio is 1-d, produce the control sequential that is formed by conducting, shutoff, conducting, conducting and the shutoff of control switch converter switches pipe through controlling sequential maker CP again.
In this example, the control impuls of switching tube S is produced together by duty ratio maker DG and control sequential maker CP, duty ratio maker DG generates duty cycle signals, and duty cycle signals CP produces through controlling sequential maker CP the control sequential that is comprised of conducting, shutoff, conducting.With two identical dT that are of ON time s/ 2 is example, wherein T sBe switch periods, as shown in Figure 4, concrete producing method is: when each switch periods began, switching tube S conducting, diode D turn-offed, and inductive current is begun to rise by initial value, and correspondingly output voltage also begins to rise; Switching tube S conducting dT s/ 2 rear shutoffs, diode D conducting simultaneously, inductive current begins to descend immediately, and correspondingly output voltage also begins to descend.Through turn-off time (1-d) T sAfter, controlling sequential maker CP and make control impuls become high level by low level, switching tube S conducting again, diode D turn-off again, switching tube S conducting dT s/ 2 rear current switch periods finish.
This routine converter TD is the Buck converter.
With Mat lab/S imulink software, this routine method is carried out the time-domain-simulation analysis, result is as follows.
Fig. 5 is for adopting the PWM modulation electric die mould that contains rest-set flip-flop to control and switch converters of the present invention output voltage V under limit oWith signal V osThe time-domain-simulation oscillogram of waveform, component a, the b corresponding PWM modulation electric die mould that contains rest-set flip-flop respectively control and the present invention.Can find out in Fig. 5, adopt the output voltage that tradition contains the PWM modulation electric die mould control switch converter of rest-set flip-flop fluctuating less than 3V place, signal V osPeak value equal 3V, and adopt average output voltage of the present invention to be stabilized in 3V, signal V osMean value equal 3V.As seen adopt the present invention to have the precision of voltage regulation of better stability and Geng Gao.Simulated conditions: input voltage V in=5V, reference voltage V ref=3V, inductance L=20 μ H, capacitor C=1000 μ F (its equivalent series resistance is 3m Ω), load current I o=1.5A, switch periods T s=20 μ s; The current detecting coefficient is 0.05, and the output voltage detection coefficient is 1, error free amplifier EA: COEFFICIENT K 1=0.6, COEFFICIENT K 2=4.
Fig. 6 contains the PWM modulation electric die mould control of rest-set flip-flop and the time-domain-simulation oscillogram of switch converters of the present invention output voltage when load changing for employing, and component a, the b corresponding PWM modulation electric die mould that contains rest-set flip-flop respectively control and the present invention.In Fig. 6, load is changed to 10A by the 1A step when 6ms, adopts the PWM modulation electric die mould that contains rest-set flip-flop to control through approximately just entering new stable state after 0.44ms, output voltage peak-to-peak value fluctuation 374mV; And the adjustment time of adopting switch converters of the present invention to enter new stable state is 0.317ms, output voltage peak-to-peak value fluctuation 359mV.As seen switch converters of the present invention has better load transient performance.Simulated conditions: reference voltage V ref=1.5V, COEFFICIENT K 1=0.3, COEFFICIENT K 2=4, other parameter is consistent with Fig. 5.
Embodiment two
The signal flow graph that the present invention adopts embodiment two methods also as shown in Figure 1, its embodiment is: voltage detecting circuit VS is used for obtaining output voltage information, current detection circuit I S is used for obtaining in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple the current information that flows through output capacitance, and voltage controller VCM is for generation of voltage control signal V cDuty ratio maker DG is for generation of duty ratio d, and resolve into two and turn-off duty cycle signals and a conducting duty cycle signals, control sequential maker CP for generation of the control sequential of shutoff, conducting, shutoff, via drive circuit DR, shutoff and the conducting of control switch converter TD switching tube.Voltage controller VCM is divided into two kinds: the one, error amplifier EA is arranged, reference voltage V refWith signal V osAs the input of error amplifier EA, the output of error amplifier EA is voltage control signal V respectively cThe 2nd, there is no error amplifier EA, voltage controller VCM is only for producing reference voltage signal V refDevice, reference voltage signal V refBe voltage control signal V c
Fig. 7 is the present invention signal V when adopting embodiment two method os, voltage control signal V c, ON time, turn-off time, clock signal and drive the schematic diagram that concerns between signal.The concrete course of work and principle are: Fig. 7 illustrates, at each switch periods (being the clock cycle) on-off switching tube zero hour, detect in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple current detection circuit I S the electric current that flows through converter TD output capacitance C, obtain current detection signal i c, simultaneously, voltage detecting circuit VS detects the output voltage of converter TD, obtains voltage sense signal V oWith current detection signal i cWith voltage sense signal V oAddition obtains signal V os, voltage control signal V cWith signal V osGenerate duty cycle signals d=K through the duty ratio maker 3+ K 4(V c-V os), K wherein 3And K 4Be two and signal V osThe relevant coefficient of ripple; Duty cycle signals d is divided into two turn-offs duty cycle signals and a conducting duty cycle signals, wherein two shutoff duty ratio sums are 1-d, the conducting duty ratio is d, produce the control sequential that is formed by shutoff, conducting, shutoff, shutoff and the conducting of control switch converter switches pipe through controlling the sequential maker again.
Fig. 8 illustrates, and the converter TD that this example is controlled is the single tube forward converter, and the control device of switching tube S adopts DEM.Can prove by emulation equally, adopt single tube forward converter output voltage stabilization of the present invention, stable state accuracy is high, and the load transient performance is good.
The switch converters of the inventive method in can be used for above embodiment, also can be used for Buck 2The multiple circuit topologies such as converter, two-transistor forward converter, Cuk converter, Zeta converter, push-pull converter, Push-pull Forward Converter, half-bridge converter, full-bridge converter.

Claims (8)

1. two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of an output capacitance is characterized in that: each switch periods zero hour detect in the situation that do not affect output voltage ripple the electric current that flows through output capacitance, obtain current detection signal i c, detect simultaneously output voltage, obtain voltage sense signal V oWith current detection signal i cWith voltage sense signal V oAddition obtains signal V osVoltage control signal V cWith signal V osGenerate duty cycle signals through the duty ratio maker; Duty cycle signals produces one group of control sequential, conducting and the shutoff of control switch converter switches pipe through controlling the sequential maker.
2. according to claim 1 two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance, it is characterized in that: at each switch periods actuating switch zero hour pipe, control the sequential maker and produce the control sequential that is formed by conducting, shutoff, conducting.
3. according to claim 1 two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance, it is characterized in that: at each the switch periods on-off switching tube zero hour, control the sequential maker and produce the control sequential that is formed by shutoff, conducting, shutoff.
4. according to claim 1 two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance, is characterized in that: voltage control signal V cEqual reference voltage V ref
5. according to claim 1 two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of output capacitance, is characterized in that: voltage control signal V cBy reference voltage V refWith signal V osProduce through error amplifier.
6. a device of realizing claim or the two edge PWM modulation electric die mould control methods of the low ESR switch converters of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described output capacitances, is characterized in that: be comprised of current detection circuit IS, voltage detecting circuit VS, adder ADD, voltage controller VCM, duty ratio maker DG, control sequential maker CP, drive circuit DR; Described voltage detecting circuit VS, adder ADD, duty ratio maker DG, control sequential maker CP, drive circuit DR are connected successively: voltage controller VCM is connected with duty ratio maker DG; Current detection circuit IS is connected with adder ADD, and adder ADD is connected with voltage controller VCM.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described voltage controller VCM is divided into two kinds: the one, error amplifier EA is arranged, reference voltage V refWith signal V osRespectively as the input of error amplifier EA; The 2nd, there is no error amplifier EA, voltage controller VCM is only for producing reference voltage signal V refDevice.
8. device as claimed in claim 6, described switch converters can be the converter of various topological structures: Buck converter, Buck 2Converter, Cuk converter, Zeta converter, single tube forward converter, two-transistor forward converter, push-pull converter, Push-pull Forward Converter, half-bridge converter and full-bridge converter.
CN2013100233473A 2013-01-22 2013-01-22 Double-edge pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation voltage-type control method of output capacitance low equivalent series resistance (ESR) switch convertor and device thereof Pending CN103095106A (en)

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Application publication date: 20130508