CN103091712A - Method of analysis logging combination feature and seismic facies to predict coal quality - Google Patents
Method of analysis logging combination feature and seismic facies to predict coal quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of coalbed methane exploration and development to predict the transverse distribution of the coal quality by integrated application information of logging, well drilling, earthquakes and geology. In research, the logging information is effectively used. The logging information is classified according to distribution characteristics of the lengthways combination of a main force coal seam and a small coal seam on the upper of the main force coal seam in the research object seam to predict transverse distribution of the coal quality by combining the transverse change of earthquake reflection characters caused by a coal seam. Appropriate parameters such as a time window are selected by analysis of logging information, earthquake root-mean-square amplitude is optimized to effectively depict a seismic facies belt, and predicted edges of the seismic facies belt are clear. A test site deposition geological background is analyzed synthetically, the logging information and seismic data are effectively used, the seismic facies and sedimentary facies of the test site are described, beneficial facies belts suitable for generation, aggregation and storage of the coal seam are optimized to achieve flat distribution depiction of various coal qualities, and the fit degree of the predicted result and the well drilling is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil gas and coalbed gas seismic exploration and development field, be specifically related to the coal seam longitudinal combination relation that shows according to logging character and the seismic waveshape planar characteristics of distribution qualitative forecasting Coal Quality plane distribution that reflects in conjunction with seismic properties.
Background technology
The China Coal Bed Methane Resource amount of preserving is large, and in the process of sustainable development, coal-seam gas becomes the important energy of China gradually.But, because the research starting of coal-seam gas is more late, not mature enough and perfect for the proprietary technology of cbm exploration and exploitation.
The generation of coal-seam gas, enrichment, storage etc. are subject to the impact of many factors, and wherein different atures of coal have the most direct relation to the generation of coal-seam gas, and plane distribution that so how to predict ature of coal is the difficult point of carrying out coal-seam gas research.Under the data prerequisite that has at present, how effectively utilizing earthquake, geology, well logging, drilling data is the key of research.
For the method and technology development of coal-seam gas research, but also there is no at present formation for the technology of portraying of different ature of coal planar distributions.
In the prediction of conventional gas and oil resource, it is a kind of than effective method that the planar distribution that utilizes the seismic facies analysis method to carry out lithology and sedimentary facies is portrayed, Sloss (1962) think " phase " be certain rock stratum when generating ancient geographical environment and the summation of material performance.1977, Vail thought that seismic facies analysis is to come the analytical approach of interpreted environment background and petrofacies according to seismic data.Sheriff (1982) thinks that seismic facies is that seismic facies also can be understood as the summation that sedimentary facies shows on this seismic section by the formed seismic signature of sedimentary environment (as marine facies or terrestrial facies).Seismic facies also refers to the 3-D seismics reflector element of certain distribution range, and representative produces sedimental certain lithological combination, bedding and the deposition characteristics of reflection.Seismic trace shape to the target interval is classified, and namely divides seismic facies.
The practicable of ature of coal is to carry out the effectively key factor of prediction of coal-seam gas, and the acquisition of ature of coal information at present can only obtain by the drilling well rock core, and in the fewer situation of exploration initial stage drilling well, it is very difficult obtaining ature of coal information.For effective utilization in the bottleneck problem the present invention who solves the ature of coal information acquisition can truly reflect the well-log information in coal seam, utilize the feature that in well-log information, true reflection coal seam vertically distributes to carry out objective classification, the characteristics that can reflect seismic waveshape in conjunction with seismic properties have realized that the plane of the earthquake facies tract of the waveform character that causes for different atures of coal is portrayed.The geologic background of analysis-by-synthesis local area, logging character and characteristics of seismic carry out the prediction of different atures of coal, have realized effective combination of geology, earthquake and well logging, predict the outcome true and reliable.The method that this integrated application well logging assemblage characteristic and seismic facies analysis carry out the ature of coal prediction makes in the situation that the fewer ature of coal of carrying out of prior prospect drilling well is predicted and become possibility, and critical directive function has been played in the deployment in constituency.The method thinking has novelty, has property leading in the world, is the effective Forecasting Methodology that proposes for the ature of coal factor that in coal bed gas field, prediction plays a key effect to coal-seam gas.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the technical matters that exists in prior art, researched and developed a kind of method that well logging assemblage characteristic and seismic facies carry out the ature of coal prediction of analyzing, the present invention carries out effective prediction of ature of coal by integrated application well-log information and seismic facies analysis method, classify according to the longitudinal combination mode in coal seam, carry out the prediction of ature of coal in conjunction with the Seismic reflection character variation that different coal causes.
Technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of integrated application coal seam method that assemblage characteristic and seismic facies analysis method carry out the ature of coal prediction of vertically logging well, and it is characterized in that, according to the log response feature that the coal seam vertically distributes, such Feature Combination is classified; Rear application coal seam of different nature can cause the variation of seismic reflection feature, thereby the difference that causes the seismic properties performance characteristic is carried out signature analysis to it, comprise: the coal seam of the character such as different-thickness, density, factor of porosity can cause the variation of seismic amplitude attribute power, perhaps the coal seam of corresponding different atures of coal can cause the variation of seismic waveshape reflectance signature, thereby shows the strong and weak variation of seismic amplitude attribute etc.; Utilization has the feature that coal seam of different nature causes that Seismic reflection character changes, adopt the seismic amplitude attribute can carry out the means that the earthquake facies tract is portrayed, in field of seismic exploration, the various combination of Seismic reflection character etc. is called different seismic facies, because stratum of different nature can cause different Seismic reflection character, comprise the variation of seismic waveshape, the variation of frequency, the variation of amplitude etc., have so the attribute representation that the stratum of identical reflectance signature shows and to be called a kind of seismic facies.In the cbm exploration field, because the coal seam of different coal seams or corresponding different atures of coal all can cause the variation of seismic reflection wave characteristic, thus the difference of performance earthquake attributive character.Can use the density feature, thickness characteristics etc. of the Different Strata of seismic properties representative or reflection configuration combination that the stratum causes here and carry out the prediction of formation properties; Draw the coal seam planar distribution with different characteristic by said process, carried out the distributive province prediction of more favourable ature of coal.
Described method specifically comprises,
The test site well-log information is surveyed and obtained to the first step,
second step, the longitudinal combination feature in research main force coal seam and little coal seam, top thereof, main force coal seam is generally thicker, non-main force coal seam is relatively thin, the log response feature that causes due to the thickness difference in coal seam is different, the logging trace that the larger coal seam of thickness causes (for example GR curve) is extremely obvious, and the logging trace (for example GR curve) that thickness less coal seam causes is extremely not obvious, simultaneously, the coal seam of different sedimentary environment deposit distributes different, is conducive to deposit to deposit many covers coal seams under the environment in coal seam, comprises main force coal seam and many covers little coal seams, and the next deposition of some hostile environment coal seam is less, the possibility coal seam, area of river channel erosion is for example arranged without deposition, simultaneously, the coal seam of this different environment deposit has different character, and corresponding Coal Characteristics is not quite similar, the environment deposit that is conducive to deposit the coal seam is overlapped the coal seam more, comprise main force coal seam and little coal seam, the phenomenon that under hostile environment, the deposition in coal seam may lack, therefore, according to objective condition, the deposition table in coal seam reveals different assemblage characteristics: have main force coal seam to deposit and deposit without little coal seam, main force's coal seam deposition is arranged and the little coal seam depositions of overlapping are arranged more, without main force's coal seam deposition, the little coal seam depositions etc. of overlapping are arranged more, these assemblage characteristics corresponding different well logging assemblage characteristic aspect log response, can analyze the Sedimentary Assemblages in coal seam according to these features, simultaneously also can draw different combinations and represent different sedimentary environments.
The 3rd step, according to assemblage characteristic, qualitatively it is classified: according to studying the work area example, the situation that under different sedimentary environments, main force coal seam and little coal seam have common deposition or deposit respectively, therefore the deposition in main force coal seam and little coal seam can be divided into different Sedimentary Assemblages features, and perhaps being called has deposition and without the Sedimentary Assemblages feature.According to the test site of selecting, we divide the assemblage characteristic in main force coal seam and little coal seam for 4 classes, that is: 1. have main force coal seam, and top is without little coal seam; 2. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 1; 3. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 2; 4. without main force coal seam, little coal seam is arranged at top;
Here our method of the classification adopted is exactly the syntagmatic feature of main force coal seam and little coal seam deposition.This method is the innovation in our research process, directly utilizes the log response feature that the coal seam causes that coal seam combination, coal seam sedimentary environment are analyzed, and does not have the standard of classification at present, utilizes " qualitative " comparatively suitable.
In the 4th step, choose suitable time window according to the combination in the little coal seam in well-log information main force coal seam and top thereof big or small; The time window here refers to that the time span of choosing is big or small when carrying out attributes extraction, according to practical study work area characteristics, the relation that belongs to vertical deposition due to main force coal seam and little coal seam shows as the seismic reflection lineups that the end, top, coal seam in the different time scope causes in geological data.Needing to choose suitable time span in the process of extracting attribute is included the coal seam of studying.
The 5th step, utilize earthquake RMS amplitude attribute to extract along layer attribute along the objective of interpretation layer, the record value that all seismologic record values are carried out successively square, obtained after summation, average, evolution in earthquake root mean square attribute representation time span, refer to use the seismic target earthquakes layer position of explanation along layer attribute, use window size when suitable, to the time seismologic record value in the window value that calculates by mathematical operation (computing method of RMS amplitude).Different attributes is to calculate by different mathematical operations; RMS amplitude can be expressed as:
A wherein
RMSExpression RMS amplitude value, x
2Seismologic record value in window when (n) representing, window when n represents, and n=1,2 ..., M;
When the edge layer extracts, at first select the layer position (having represented the seismic reflector that actual formation causes) of seismic interpretation, when rear edge layer is selected up and down, the window size is n, according to the RMS amplitude value of seismologic record in root mean square calculation formula computation window n;
The 6th step, carry out the division of seismic facies, so-called seismic facies refers to the summation of different Seismic reflection character, the division of seismic facies refers to by different Seismic reflection character, comprise the strong and weak size of waveform, reflection amplitude of seismic event, the contact relation of reflection line-ups etc., carry out the classification of different characteristic combination.Under different sedimentary environments, the Seismic reflection character that the stratum causes is different, here our division of carrying out coal bed gas field destination layer seismic facies is to carry out according to the seismic reflection wave characteristic difference that stratum (comprising the coal seam) causes, generally, the seismic reflection waveform is consistent, continuity strong representation stratum is continuous, consistance is strong; Mixed and disorderly or the reflection of seismic reflection waveform is strong and weak to be changed more obviously etc., represents that zone continuity is relatively poor, formation lithology changes and wait greatly, carries out division and the description of seismic facies by the variation of this Seismic reflection character that causes due to Different Strata;
In the 7th step, in conjunction with test site sedimentation background information, according to the result of above-mentioned steps, carry out the description of sedimentary facies.the difference of the Seismic reflection character that causes according to different stratum in research process is carried out the analysis and research of seismic facies, because different stratigraphic distribution correspondences different sedimentary environments, so different seismic facies is to be also one to one with sedimentary facies, for example interdistributary bay deposit corresponding characteristics of seismic in delta shows as the horizontal external phase of seismic event to relatively poor, the features such as the seismic reflection part is mixed and disorderly, the corresponding seismic facies in tableland in nonmarine deposit shows as the features such as seismic reflection is more continuous, it is strong that the characteristics of seismic that continental shelf facies in marine deposit is corresponding shows as the seismic reflection energy, more continuous feature etc., can carry out the description of sedimentary facies according to the seismic facies analysis with different characteristic, prediction is suitable for the sedimentary facies belt of coal seam deposition, select to be fit to coalbed-forming, assemble, the favourable facies tract of storage, carrying out the planar distribution of corresponding different atures of coal portrays.
The present invention carries out effective prediction of ature of coal by integrated application well-log information and seismic facies analysis method, classify according to the well logging array mode that the coal seam vertically distributes, and carries out the prediction of ature of coal in conjunction with the Seismic reflection character variation that different coal causes.This Forecasting Methodology to ature of coal has overcome single by utilizing the drilling well rock core to obtain the limitation of ature of coal information, can be in the situation that exploration initial stage drilling well be fewer, effectively utilize well-log information, log well simultaneously and carry out the prediction work of ature of coal with effective combination of earthquake, geology.The present invention directly utilizes the assembled classification information in the vertical log response that distributes in coal seam, is the most direct approach that effectively carries out the ature of coal acquisition of information.
Utilize simultaneously the difference of the seismic reflection feature that different coal causes in research process, the planar distribution in coal seam is portrayed, predict the outcome and degree of agreement is higher as a result for actual well drilled.
The entire change of the present invention causes the coal seam innovatively in longitudinal combination information and the coal seam of log response feature Seismic reflection character combines, and carries out effective prediction of ature of coal in conjunction with the local area geologic feature, and this method of thinking has property leading in the world.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 main force coal seam and the classification of little coal seam Vertical Distribution Characteristics
Fig. 2 seismic attributes analysis method is carried out seismic facies and is predicted the outcome
Fig. 3 test site seismic section, the river channel sand feature is obvious, predicts the outcome consistent with seismic facies
Embodiment
(1) the vertical log response tagsort that distributes in coal seam
This research is carried out around actual coal exploration district, comprises 13 mouthfuls of drilling wells in the work area, wherein a cover main force coal seam.The little coal seam combination of Logging data analysis main force coal seam and top can be divided into four classes: 1. main force coal seam is arranged, and top is without little coal seam; 2. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 1; 3. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 2; 4. without main force coal seam, little coal seam is arranged at top.The vertical 4 kinds of assembled classifications in coal seam show 4 class environment of coal-forming in study area.
(2) cross direction profiles in seismic facies analysis method prediction coal seam
The distribution in coal seam is subjected to the control of facies tract, and the coal seam of same nature spatially distributes and has continuity, and distributing on space, coal seam of different nature is to have certain area differentiation.The coal seam longitudinal combination that well-log information represents is classified in this research, and the longitudinal combination in the little coal seam in main force coal seam and top has been carried out different classification.Carry out the seismic attributes analysis method in conjunction with well-log information, preferred earthquake property analysis method and the time parameter such as window size of selecting, finally determined to utilize the seismic amplitude attribute to carry out portraying of earthquake facies tract, depict comparatively subtly the plane distribution of different coal, base area seismic phase reflection represents the seismic wave characteristic that the coal seam of different ature of coal character causes, it can be divided into 4 class seismic facies, its facies tract sharpness of border, in full accord with the log response tagsort that the coal seam vertically distributes.
(3) favourable ature of coal distributive province prediction
The seismic facies predict and classification in the log response tagsort that vertically distributes by the coal seam and heterogeneity coal seam can dope the planar distribution in heterogeneity coal seam.Predict the outcome according to well-log information and the seismic facies that represents seismic waveshape information and predict the delta plain interdistributary bay deposit environment that is conducive to the coal seam deposition.The coal seam of this environment deposit is thicker, coal seam permeability, factor of porosity are better, and corresponding have preferably that ature of coal distributes.
Accompanying drawing 1 is test site Logging data analysis comparison diagram, and in data, the little coal seam in main force coal seam and top thereof Vertical Distribution Characteristics is obvious, wherein can it be divided into 4 classes according to the Vertical Distribution Characteristics in coal seam, that is: 1. have main force coal seam, and top is without little coal seam; 2. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 1; 3. main force coal seam is arranged, and little coal seam is overlapped on top 2; 4. without main force coal seam, little coal seam is arranged at top.
Accompanying drawing 2 is used earthquake RMS amplitude attribute and is carried out the division of seismic facies, in figure, the earthquake facies tract is obvious, the sharpness of border of sedimentary facies, using well-log information according to Fig. 1 classifies to the coal seam Vertical Distribution Characteristics, in conjunction with Fig. 2, the plane of seismic facies is portrayed, draw the well that belongs to same class coal seam Vertical Distribution Characteristics and be distributed in same earthquake facies tract.Simultaneously, represent that district's band of different Sedimentary facies is very obvious.
Accompanying drawing 3 is test site East and West direction seismic section, and consistent with the characteristics of seismic of Fig. 2 reflection, in seismic section, the lateral seismic waveform is different, and in figure, reflection river channel sand feature is clear, deposition thick coal seam in the interdistributary bay deposit environment of delta.
The first step, effectively utilize the test site well-log information, the longitudinal combination feature in research main force coal seam and little coal seam, top thereof is according to assemblage characteristic, can qualitatively it be classified, basic demand is that the test site must comprise many mouthfuls of drilling wells and have relevant well-log information.
Second step is chosen suitable time window according to the combination in the little coal seam in well-log information main force coal seam and top thereof big or small, and preferred earthquake RMS amplitude attribute extracts along a layer attribute along the objective of interpretation layer, carries out the division of seismic facies.
The 3rd step, in conjunction with test site sedimentation background, according to the result of the first step, second step, carry out the description of sedimentary facies, select to be fit to the favourable facies tract of coalbed-forming, gathering, storage, carry out the planar distribution of corresponding different atures of coal and portray.
Claims (3)
1. the integrated application coal seam method that assemblage characteristic and seismic facies analysis method are carried out the ature of coal prediction of vertically logging well, is characterized in that, according to the log response feature that the coal seam vertically distributes, such Feature Combination classified; Rear application coal seam of different nature can cause the variation of seismic reflection feature, thereby the difference that causes the seismic properties performance characteristic is carried out signature analysis to it, comprise: the coal seam of different-thickness, density, factor of porosity character can cause the variation of seismic amplitude attribute power, perhaps the coal seam of corresponding different atures of coal can cause the variation of seismic waveshape reflectance signature, and the seismic amplitude attribute is strong and weak to be changed thereby show; Utilization has the feature that coal seam of different nature causes that Seismic reflection character changes, and adopts the seismic amplitude attribute can carry out the means that the earthquake facies tract is portrayed; Draw the coal seam planar distribution with different characteristic by said process, carried out the distributive province prediction of more favourable ature of coal.
2. a kind of well logging assemblage characteristic of the vertical distribution in coal seam and method that the seismic facies analysis method is carried out the ature of coal prediction analyzed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method specifically comprises
The test site well-log information is surveyed and obtained to the first step,
Second step, the longitudinal combination feature in research main force coal seam and little coal seam, top thereof; According to objective condition, the deposition table in coal seam reveals different assemblage characteristics: main force coal seam deposition is arranged and without little cover coal seam deposition, main force's coal seam deposition is arranged and many covers little coal seams deposition is arranged, has many covers little coal seams to deposit without main force's coal seam deposition, these assemblage characteristics corresponding different well logging assemblage characteristic aspect log response can be analyzed the Sedimentary Assemblages in coal seam according to these features;
The 3rd step, classify according to assemblage characteristic: the situation that under different sedimentary environments, main force coal seam and little coal seam have common deposition or deposit respectively, therefore the deposition in main force coal seam and little coal seam can be divided into different Sedimentary Assemblages features, and perhaps being called has deposition and without the Sedimentary Assemblages feature; According to this assemblage characteristic qualitative classification ground it being classified;
The 4th step, big or small according to the time window that the combination in the little coal seam in well-log information main force coal seam and top thereof is chosen; The time window time span size that refers to choose when carrying out attributes extraction;
The 5th step, utilize earthquake RMS amplitude attribute to extract along layer attribute along the objective of interpretation layer, the record value that all seismologic record values are carried out successively square, obtained after summation, average, evolution in described earthquake root mean square attribute representation time span, and edge layer attribute refers to use the seismic target earthquakes layer position of explanation, use window size when suitable, to the time seismologic record value in the window value that calculates by mathematical operation;
RMS amplitude can be expressed as:
A wherein
RMSExpression RMS amplitude value, x
2Seismologic record value in window when (n) representing, window when n represents, and n=1,2 ..., M;
When the edge layer extracts, at first select the layer position (having represented the seismic reflector that actual formation causes) of seismic interpretation, when rear edge layer is selected up and down, the window size is n, according to the RMS amplitude value of seismologic record in root mean square calculation formula computation window n;
The 6th step, carry out the division of seismic facies: so-called seismic facies refers to the summation of different Seismic reflection character, the division of seismic facies refers to by different Seismic reflection character, comprise the strong and weak size of waveform, reflection amplitude of seismic event, the contact relation of reflection line-ups, carry out the classification of different characteristic combination;
The 7th step, in conjunction with test site sedimentation background information, according to the result of above-mentioned steps, carry out the description of sedimentary facies, select to be fit to the favourable facies tract of coalbed-forming, gathering, storage, carry out the planar distribution of corresponding different atures of coal and portray.
3. a kind of method that well logging assemblage characteristic and seismic facies carry out the ature of coal prediction of analyzing according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the 3rd in described method is divided into four classes in the step: be divided into four classes: 1. main force coal seam and top are arranged without little coal seam; 2. there are main force coal seam and top that 1 layer of little coal seam arranged; 3. there are main force coal seam and top that 2 layers of little coal seam are arranged; 4. without main force coal seam and top, the substratum coal seam is arranged.
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| CN109725348A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A method of sedimentary facies is identified based on seismic data |
| CN108415075A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-17 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of method for predicting reservoir under condition of less wells |
| CN108415075B (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-09-06 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of method for predicting reservoir under condition of less wells |
| CN108387934A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of fracture reservoir prediction technique, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN108387934B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-11-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of fracture reservoir prediction technique, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN109765609A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-17 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of Sand-body Prediction method and system based on target zone Yu adjacent layer seismic properties |
| CN112444868A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic facies analysis method based on improved K-means algorithm |
| CN112444868B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic phase analysis method based on improved K-means algorithm |
| CN112925020A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 滨州学院 | Parametric array type shallow profile intelligent energy compensation method |
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