CN103089256A - Water cutting falling coal mining method and water cutting falling coal mining machine - Google Patents
Water cutting falling coal mining method and water cutting falling coal mining machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103089256A CN103089256A CN201110348277XA CN201110348277A CN103089256A CN 103089256 A CN103089256 A CN 103089256A CN 201110348277X A CN201110348277X A CN 201110348277XA CN 201110348277 A CN201110348277 A CN 201110348277A CN 103089256 A CN103089256 A CN 103089256A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a coal mining method and a coal mining machine, and concretely relates to a water cutting falling coal mining method and a water cutting falling coal mining machine. A coal seam is cut and coal falls when and/or after the machine adopts a water jet cutting device to transversely cut a coal wall, and the machine body moves on to drive the water jet cutting device and a water jet falling device to realize continuous coal mining. Compared with machines for realizing present coal mining methods, the water cutting falling coal mining machine has the advantages of high lump coal rate, realization of regular shapes of coal obtained after cutting, improvement of the use values and the economic values of raw coal, energy saving, low energy consumption, less dust, compact structure, use convenience, material saving, no need of the adjustment of the machine body, realization of the continuous coal mining through adjusting the right and wrong directions of the machine body, omitting of coal mining support equipment, and saving of the coal mining equipment investment, and can be used as a drilling machine to complete the drilling of roadways and dig out various chambers and roadways; no sparks and high safety are realized through adopting a water jet to cut coal; and mist spraying, water spraying and cooling devices used in mechanical coal mining are omitted when water jet cutting is adopted, so the structure of the machine is simplified, the failure rate is low, and the maintenance amount is less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal mining field, be specifically related to that a kind of water cutting cuts coal-mining method and the water cutting cuts coal-winning machine.
Background technology
Existing coal-mining method has mechanical coal-mining method, hydraulic mining method, blasting coal mining method etc.Modern mechanical coal-mining method be can't use at some inclination angles under large or unsettled coal seam conditions, hydraulic mining method or blasting coal mining method often adopted.Present hydraulic mining method is to adopt hydraulic giant fixed point jet impulse coal breakage, the hydraulic giant range has determined the coal mining distance, adopt this coal winning technology, required hydraulic pressure is large, the water yield is more, and hydraulic giant is larger with the coal dropping point distance, normal occur rushing adopt in process, the buttress inside ceiling panel is caving or alters cash in advance, block monitoring, punching is adopted in advance finish, the rate of extraction is low.
The blasting coal mining method is that employing method of drilling and blasting on rib is mined, and coal mining efficient is low, dangerous large, is more original a kind of coal-mining method.
In condition coal seam preferably, widely used is mechanical coal-mining method, and the coal excavation apparatus that mechanical coal-mining method mainly adopts is drum shearer or coal plough.Drum shearer productivity ratio is high, but lump coal rate is low, dust is large; The coal plough lump coal rate is higher, dust is little, but production efficiency is low, the coal seam bad adaptability.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency that exists for overcoming above-mentioned coal-mining method and coal excavation apparatus the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of water cutting cuts coal-mining method and the water cutting cuts coal-winning machine.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of water cutting cuts coal-mining method, when the water cutter cutting device that the water cutting cuts coal-winning machine carries out transversally cutting to rib and/or after cutting, water lancinates dropping control device to the cutting of the coal seam that is split and coal breakage, and fuselage is advanced and driven water cutter cutting device, the water dropping control device that lancinates and advance and realize mining continuously.
The present invention comprises that also a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device, water lancinate dropping control device, pressure duct, high-pressure water prmp room and fuselage etc., fuselage comprises walking mechanism, water cutter cutting device is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device, high-pressure water prmp room and water cutter cutting device, the water dropping control device that lancinates is connected by pressure duct, and lancinate dropping control device, high-pressure water prmp room of water cutter cutting device, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described fuselage comprises lifting gear, water cutter cutting device and/or the water dropping control device that lancinates is arranged on lifting gear, lifting gear is connected with fuselage, and lifting gear can be realized the lancinate height change of dropping control device and/or coal breakage mechanism of water cutter cutting device, water, reaches different coal mining height.
Water cutter cutting device comprises nozzle, fixed mount, and nozzle is arranged on fixed mount, and the effect of water cutter cutting device is rib to be carried out cutting on short transverse, obtains the coal cinder that is of moderate size.
The water dropping control device that lancinates comprises coal breakage mechanism, nozzle, and nozzle is arranged in coal breakage mechanism, and the lancinate effect of dropping control device of water is that coal with the cutting of water cutter cutting device falls from the rib shovel.
Described coal breakage mechanism comprises wedge shovel, conehead, wedge fork, dials hammer, thumb wheel and/or ripping bar, and the coal seam after coal breakage mechanism will cut is swollen to fall or group fall.
Described coal breakage mechanism comprises nozzle, and nozzle comprises wedge shape nozzle, spade nozzle, conical nozzle.
In order to reach better result of use, water cutter cutting device comprises the nozzle guiding mechanism, and nozzle is arranged on the nozzle guiding mechanism, and the nozzle guiding mechanism is arranged on fixed mount, and nozzle moves along track under the drive of nozzle guiding mechanism.
Described nozzle guiding mechanism comprises rack-and-pinion, rope and ropewinder, bolt and nut, sprocket wheel and chain, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder etc.
Described lifting gear adopts vertical lift device or radial up-down device, and when adopting the radial up-down device, for guaranteeing the nozzle direction on fixed mount, the radial up-down device comprises connecting rod, is provided with connecting rod between fixed mount and fuselage, and connecting rod is parallel with rocking arm and isometric.
Described water cutter cutting device comprises that position movement mechanism, water cutter cutting device and/or the water dropping control device that lancinates is provided with slew gear, or is symmetrical arranged water cutter cutting device and/or the water dropping control device that lancinates on lifting gear, can realize reverse coal mining.
Vertical lift device comprises rack-and-pinion, rope and ropewinder, bolt and nut, sprocket wheel and chain, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder etc.
In order to prevent ultra large coal, the water cutting is cut coal-winning machine and is also comprised crushing mechanism, and crushing mechanism adopts rotary impact type crushing mechanism and/or reciprocating impact type crushing mechanism.
Fuselage comprises material guiding shovel, and material guiding shovel will be adopted the coal that falls and import on conveying device.
Described fuselage is provided with walking mechanism, electric-control system etc.
the course of work that water cutting of the present invention cuts coal-winning machine is: high-pressure water prmp room is transported to water cutter cutting device with water under high pressure by pressure duct, the lancinate nozzle of dropping control device of water, nozzle forms the water cutter with high-pressure water jet and cuts rib, fuselage is operation forward under the driving of walking mechanism, water cutter cutting device cuts layering with the coal seam with rib on the coal mining direction, water lancinate dropping control device with the coal seam of layering and rib cut from, while, coal breakage mechanism came off cut coal, and import conveying device by material guiding shovel, when ultra large coal occurring, crushing mechanism is crushed to the moderate coal cinder of lumpiness with it, fuselage is operation forward constantly, realize mining continuously.When oppositely mining, water cutter cutting device moves to the other end, or water cutter cutting device, water lancinate dropping control device, coal breakage mechanism turns round by slew gear, or water cutter cutting device, water lancinate dropping control device, coal breakage mechanism is arranged symmetrically with, realize oppositely mining, by the lifting of lifting gear, make water cutter cutter sweep be in different height, realize different mining heights coal minings.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compare with existing coal-mining method, the lump coal rate of (1) the method is high; (2) coal can be cut into regular shape, improve use value and the economic worth of raw coal; (3) energy conservation consumes energy low, and dust is few, and compact equipment is easy to use, saves consumptive material; (4) turning machine body not, the operation by the fuselage both forward and reverse directions realizes continuous coal mining, has omitted the coal mining corollary equipment, has saved the investment of coal excavation apparatus; (5) this equipment can be done development machine use, completes the headwork in tunnel, excavates various chambers and tunnel; (6) housing construction is simply light and handy, and power consumption is little, has greatly simplified coal winning technology and equipment; (7) operate steadily, noiselessness, (8) adopt the water coal that lancinates can not produce spark, and are safe; (9) adopt the cutting of water cutter to remove the spraying of mechanical coal mining, water spray, the device such as cooling, make device structure simplify the failure rate is low maintenance few.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the master of embodiment 1 looks schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is that the master of embodiment 2 looks schematic diagram;
The schematic top plan view of Fig. 4 embodiment 2;
The master of Fig. 5 embodiment 3 looks schematic diagram;
The master of Fig. 6 embodiment 4 looks schematic diagram;
The master of Fig. 7 embodiment 5 looks schematic diagram;
The master of Fig. 8 embodiment 6 looks schematic diagram;
The schematic top plan view of Fig. 9 embodiment 7;
The schematic top plan view of Figure 10 embodiment 8;
The schematic top plan view of Figure 11 embodiment 9;
The master of Figure 12 embodiment 10 looks schematic diagram.
In figure: 1-water cutter cutting device, 2-water lancinate dropping control device, 3-lifting gear, 4-fuselage, 5-pressure duct, 6-high-pressure water prmp room, 1.1-coal breakage mechanism, 1.2-nozzle, 1.3-fixed mount, 1.4-nozzle guiding mechanism, 7-crushing mechanism, 8-walking mechanism, 9-electric-control system, 10-slew gear, 11-travel mechanism, 12-connecting rod, 13-material guiding shovel.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of water cutting cuts coal-mining method, when the water cutter cutting device that the water cutting cuts coal-winning machine carries out transversally cutting to rib and/or after cutting, water lancinates dropping control device to the cutting of the coal seam that is split and coal breakage, and fuselage is advanced and driven water cutter cutting device, the water dropping control device that lancinates and advance and realize mining continuously.
The present invention comprises that also a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, as Fig. 1 or shown in Figure 2, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described fuselage 4 comprises lifting gear 3, water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is arranged on lifting gear 3, lifting gear 3 is connected with fuselage 4, and lifting gear 3 can be realized the lancinate height change of dropping control device 2 of water cutter cutting device 1, water, reaches different coal mining height.
Water cutter cutting device 1 comprises nozzle 1.2, fixed mount 1.3, and nozzle is arranged on fixed mount 1.3, and the effect of water cutter cutting device 1 is rib to be carried out cutting on short transverse, obtains the coal cinder that is of moderate size.
The water dropping control device 2 that lancinates comprises coal breakage mechanism 1.1, nozzle 1.2, and nozzle 1.2 is arranged in coal breakage mechanism 1.1, and the lancinate effect of dropping control device 2 of water is that coal with the cutting of water cutter cutting device falls from the rib shovel.
Described coal breakage mechanism 1.1 is the wedge shovel, also can adopt conehead, wedge fork, dial hammer, nozzle, thumb wheel and/or ripping bar, and the coal seam after coal breakage mechanism 1.1 will cut is swollen to fall or group fall.
Described lifting gear 3 adopts the vertical lift device 3 of sprocket wheel and chain structure, and vertical lift device 3 also can adopt rack-and-pinion, rope and ropewinder, bolt and nut, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder etc.
In order to prevent ultra large coal, the water cutting is cut coal-winning machine and is also comprised crushing mechanism 7, and crushing mechanism 7 adopts rotary impact type crushing mechanism 7, also can adopt reciprocating impact type crushing mechanism 7.
Described fuselage 4 is provided with walking mechanism 8, electric-control system 9 etc.
As Fig. 3 or shown in Figure 4, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described coal breakage mechanism 1.1 is the wedge fork, also can adopt conehead, wedge shovel, dial hammer, nozzle, thumb wheel and/or ripping bar, and the coal seam after coal breakage mechanism 1.1 will cut is swollen to fall or group fall.
Described water cutter cutting device 1 comprises travel mechanism 11, and water dropping control device 2, the coal breakage mechanism 1.1 of lancinating is provided with slew gear 10, can realize reverse coal mining.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described lifting gear 3 adopts the vertical lift device 3 of bolt and nut structure, also can adopt rack-and-pinion, rope and ropewinder, sprocket wheel and chain, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder etc.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in Figure 6, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Be symmetrical arranged water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates on described lifting gear 3, can realize reverse coal mining.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in Figure 7, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
In order to reach better result of use, water cutter cutting device 1 comprises nozzle guiding mechanism 1.4, nozzle 1.2 is arranged on nozzle guiding mechanism 1.4, and nozzle guiding mechanism 1.4 is arranged on fixed mount 1.3, and nozzle 1.2 moves along track under the drive of nozzle guiding mechanism 1.4.
Described nozzle guiding mechanism 1.4 adopts the bolt and nut structure, also can adopt rack-and-pinion, rope and ropewinder, sprocket wheel and chain, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder etc.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in Figure 8, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
In order to prevent ultra large coal, the water cutting is cut coal-winning machine and is also comprised crushing mechanism 7, and crushing mechanism 7 adopts reciprocating impact type crushing mechanism 7, also can adopt rotary impact type crushing mechanism 7.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in Figure 9, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described coal breakage mechanism 1.1 is thumb wheel, also can adopt conehead, wedge shovel, dial hammer, wedge fork and/or ripping bar, and the coal seam after coal breakage mechanism 1.1 will cut dials.
The other the same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 8
As shown in figure 10, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described coal breakage mechanism 1.1 is nozzle 1.2, and namely coal breakage mechanism 1.1 be the integral type structure with nozzle 1.2, and nozzle 1.2 employing wedge structures also can adopt taper, spade.
The other the same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 9
As shown in figure 11, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described coal breakage mechanism 1.1 is nozzle 1.2, and namely coal breakage mechanism 1.1 be the integral type structure with nozzle 1.2, and nozzle 1.2 employing pyramidal structures also can adopt wedge shape, spade.
The other the same as in Example 1.
As shown in figure 12, a kind of water cutting cuts coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2, pressure duct 5, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and fuselage 4 etc., water cutter cutting device 1 is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 and water cutter cutting device 1, the water dropping control device 2 that lancinates is connected by pressure duct 5, and lancinate dropping control device 2, high-pressure water prmp room 6 of water cutter cutting device 1, water is arranged on fuselage.
Described lifting gear 3 adopts radial up-down device 3, when adopting radial up-down device 3, for guaranteeing nozzle 1.2 directions on fixed mount 1.3, is provided with connecting rod 12 between fixed mount 1.3 and fuselage 4, and connecting rod 12 is parallel with rocking arm and isometric.
Be symmetrical arranged water cutter cutting device 1, water lancinate dropping control device 2 and coal breakage mechanism 1.1 on described lifting gear 3, can realize reverse coal mining.
The other the same as in Example 1.
Claims (18)
1. a water cutting cuts coal-mining method, it is characterized in that: when the water cutter cutting device that the water cutting cuts coal-winning machine carries out transversally cutting to rib and/or after cutting, water lancinates dropping control device to the cutting of the coal seam that is split and coal breakage, and fuselage is advanced and driven water cutter cutting device, the water dropping control device that lancinates and advance and realize mining continuously.
2. a water cutting is cut the water cutting that coal-mining method uses and is cut coal-winning machine, comprise water cutter cutting device, water lancinate dropping control device, pressure duct, high-pressure water prmp room and fuselage etc., fuselage comprises walking mechanism, it is characterized in that: water cutter cutting device is arranged on water the lancinate front portion of dropping control device, high-pressure water prmp room and water cutter cutting device, the water dropping control device that lancinates is connected by pressure duct, and lancinate dropping control device, high-pressure water prmp room of water cutter cutting device, water all is arranged on fuselage.
3. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: water cutter cutting device comprises nozzle, fixed mount, and nozzle is arranged on fixed mount.
4. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: the water dropping control device that lancinates comprises coal breakage mechanism, nozzle, and nozzle is arranged in coal breakage mechanism.
5. water cutting according to claim 4 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described coal breakage mechanism comprises conehead, wedge fork, thumb wheel, dials hammer and/or ripping bar.
6. water cutting according to claim 4 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described coal breakage mechanism comprises the wedge shovel.
7. water cutting according to claim 4 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described coal breakage mechanism comprises nozzle.
8. water cutter coal-winning machine according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described nozzle comprises wedge shape nozzle, spade nozzle, conical nozzle.
9. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: water cutter cutting device comprises the nozzle guiding mechanism, nozzle is arranged on the nozzle guiding mechanism, and the nozzle guiding mechanism is arranged on fixed mount, and nozzle moves along track under the drive of nozzle guiding mechanism.
10. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, and it is characterized in that: fuselage comprises lifting gear, and lifting gear comprises vertical lift device.
11. according to claim 9 or 10 described water cuttings cut coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described nozzle guiding mechanism and/or vertical lift device comprise wheel and rack, rope and ropewinder, bolt and nut, sprocket wheel and chain, hydraulic cylinder and/or cylinder.
12. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described water cutter cutting device comprises position movement mechanism.
13. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described water cutter cutting device and/or the water dropping control device that lancinates is provided with slew gear.
14. water cutting according to claim 10 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described lifting gear is symmetrical arranged water cutter cutting device and/or the water dropping control device that lancinates.
15. water cutting according to claim 10 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: lifting gear comprises the radial up-down device.
16. water cutting according to claim 15 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: the radial up-down device comprises connecting rod, is provided with connecting rod between fixed mount and fuselage, connecting rod is parallel with rocking arm and isometric.
17. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: the water cutting is cut coal-winning machine and is comprised crushing mechanism, and crushing mechanism adopts rotary impact type crushing mechanism and/or reciprocating impact type crushing mechanism.
18. water cutting according to claim 2 cuts coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described fuselage comprises material guiding shovel.
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| CN201110348277XA CN103089256A (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2011-11-07 | Water cutting falling coal mining method and water cutting falling coal mining machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113006785A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-22 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | High-pressure water jet coal mining machine and control method thereof |
| CN114352275A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-15 | 北京天玛智控科技股份有限公司 | Underground coal mining method |
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| CN114352275B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-04-09 | 北京天玛智控科技股份有限公司 | Underground coal mining method |
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Application publication date: 20130508 |