CN103089253A - Method using wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure - Google Patents

Method using wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure Download PDF

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CN103089253A
CN103089253A CN2013100234048A CN201310023404A CN103089253A CN 103089253 A CN103089253 A CN 103089253A CN 2013100234048 A CN2013100234048 A CN 2013100234048A CN 201310023404 A CN201310023404 A CN 201310023404A CN 103089253 A CN103089253 A CN 103089253A
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svel
pore pressure
formation pore
fluid
pore
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CN103089253B (en
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金衍
余夫
陈勉
卢运虎
侯冰
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploration, in particular to a method using wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure. The method using wavelet transformation to calculate the formation pore pressure includes the following steps: a. confirming lithology of each layer in strata by making use of geological data, b. obtaining sound wave velocity characteristic data series according to well logging information, c. decomposing the sound wave velocity characteristic data series by using the wavelet transformation method based on Biot theory and obtaining corresponding detail value data series and background data series, d. adding the corresponding detail value data series and obtaining pore fluid sound wave velocity data series, e. establishing a formation pore pressure model by using relation between the pore fluid sound wave velocity and the real-measured formation pore pressure and on the basis of difference theory, f. bring the pore fluid sound wave velocity data series into the formation pore pressure model, and obtaining formation pore pressure section through calculating. The method using wavelet transformation to calculate the formation pore pressure has the advantage that the formation pore pressure can be accurately calculated.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure
Technical field
The present invention relates to the oil exploration technology field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure.
Background technology
Formation pore pressure, the existence of especially abnormal formation pore pressure brings many technical barriers for oil exploration, drilling well and exploitation.The Accurate Prediction formation pore pressure is extremely important, for casing programme designs, determine, protect oil-gas Layer, the raising drilling well success rate of drilling fluid density provide basic data.
The method of prediction formation pore pressure mainly contains two classes at present: one is based on undercompaction mechanism, utilize well-log information, set up normal trend line, and whether depart from normal trend line according to log and qualitatively judge whether there is abnormal formation pore pressure, then utilize empirical model etc. quantitatively to calculate formation pore pressure; Two are based on the effective stress theorem, and chamber test or well-log information, set up the relational model between effective stress and rock mechanics parameters by experiment, calculates on this basis formation pore pressure.There is certain limitation in these two class methods in application, class methods are not suitable for carbonate formation; Two class methods need to be obtained rock mechanics parameters by lot of experiments, and accuracy is uncertain, and obtain a large amount of on-the-spot rock cores and have certain difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure to carry out more accurate and easy mode and has calculated formation pore pressure.
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure, comprise,
According to geologic information, determine each interval lithology in the stratum;
According to well-log information, obtain the SVEL characteristic series { h of described each interval (i), v (i), h wherein (i)Be the degree of depth, v (i)SVEL for this degree of depth;
Utilize small wave converting method to described SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Decompose, obtain corresponding detail value DS { cd (i)And background value DS { ca (i);
Detail value DS { cd with correspondence (i)Addition, pore-fluid SVEL DS obtained
Figure BDA00002761690800011
Utilize described pore-fluid SVEL DS, in conjunction with the actual measurement formation pore pressure, according to differential principle, set up formation pore pressure model, i.e. P p=f (v f):
P p ( i ) = P p ( m + 1 ) + a ( P p ( m + 1 ) - P p ( m ) ) ( | v f ( i ) - v f ( m + 1 ) v f ( m + 1 ) - v f ( m ) | ) t
Wherein, P P (i)Be i depth point pore pressure, v F (i)Be the SVEL of i depth point pore-fluid, the pore-fluid SVEL that m is ordered for the most close i is by just becoming negative or becoming positive depth point by negative, and a and t are calculating parameter;
With the described formation pore pressure model of pore-fluid SVEL DS substitution, calculate the formation pore pressure section.
An a kind of further aspect utilizing wavelet transformation calculate formation pore pressure method according to the embodiment of the present invention, described lithology comprises at least, sand layers, grey rock stratum, shale layer, salt rock stratum.
A kind of another further aspect of utilizing wavelet transformation calculate formation pore pressure method according to the embodiment of the present invention, utilize small wave converting method, determine wavelet basis function and decompose the number of plies, by the Matlab software programming, to described SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Decompose, obtain corresponding background value DS { ca (i)And detail value DS { cd (i).
A kind of another further aspect of utilizing wavelet transformation calculate formation pore pressure method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the described decomposition number of plies obtains by the following method, compare according to the trend of the background value that obtains after decomposing and the trend of SVEL curve, the trend that judges described background value is compared the trend of SVEL curve when identical, and the decomposition number of plies of determining this moment is rational; If trend is not identical, need reselect the decomposition number of plies, it is carried out decomposition computation, until trend is identical.
A kind of another further aspect of utilizing wavelet transformation calculate formation pore pressure method according to the embodiment of the present invention, according to differential principle, the relation of the pore-fluid SVEL of the formation pore pressure by surveying some depth point and this depth point that calculates, and return out calculating parameter a and the t described in above-mentioned model.
A kind of another further aspect of utilizing wavelet transformation calculate formation pore pressure method according to the embodiment of the present invention, pass between described pore-fluid SVEL and described depth point pore pressure is: the pore-fluid SVEL is just being become by negative, described formation pore pressure diminishes, described pore-fluid SVEL on the occasion of larger, described formation pore pressure value is less; The pore-fluid SVEL is by just becoming negative, and it is large that described formation pore pressure becomes, and described pore-fluid SVEL negative value is less, and formation pore pressure is larger.
Method by the invention described above embodiment, utilize the pore-fluid SVEL to set up formation pore pressure model, can calculate more accurately formation pore pressure, for Drilling Design, selection and definite suitable safe drilling fluid density provide scientific basis, with the generation of down-hole complex accident in effective prevention drilling construction process.
Description of drawings
Read in conjunction with the following drawings the detailed description to embodiment, above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention, and extra feature and advantage will be more readily apparent from.
Fig. 1 has provided a kind of according to one embodiment of present invention method flow diagram that utilizes wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure;
Figure 2 shows that a kind of particular flow sheet that utilizes wavelet transformation to calculate the formation pore pressure method of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 shows that the characteristic series { h of embodiment of the present invention SVEL (i), v (i)Schematic diagram;
Figure 4 shows that the schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention detail value DS;
Figure 5 shows that the schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention pore-fluid SVEL;
Figure 6 shows that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the pore-fluid SVEL to calculate the result schematic diagram of formation pore pressure.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides the method and system of the circuit simulation that carries out repeatability.Following description can make any those skilled in the art utilize the present invention.The descriptor that provides in specific embodiment and application only is example.The various extensions of embodiment as described herein and combination are apparent for those skilled in the art, in the situation that do not break away from the spirit and scope of the invention, the rule of the present invention's definition can be applied in other embodiment and application.Therefore, the embodiment shown in the present invention is not only limited to, the maximum magnitude consistent with principle shown in this paper and feature contained in the present invention.
The form that following detailed description is expressed with flow chart, logic module and other symbol manipulation provides, and can carry out on computer system.Program, computer are carried out step, logical block, process etc., and what be envisioned for one or more steps of obtaining desirable result or instruction here is in harmony sequence certainly.These steps are the physical operations to physical quantity.These physical quantitys comprise electricity, magnetic or radio signal, and they are stored in computer system, transmit, make up, compare and other operations.But these signal bits, numerical value, element, symbol, character, condition, numeral etc.Each step can be passed through hardware, software, firmware or their combination and carry out.
Fig. 1 has provided a kind of according to one embodiment of present invention method flow diagram that calculates formation pore pressure.
Comprise step 101, according to geologic information, determine each interval lithology in the stratum.
Wherein, can determine by other related datas such as geology, well loggings the lithology of each interval, the lithology of described each interval can comprise sand layers at least, grey rock stratum, shale layer, salt rock stratum.
Also comprise in above-mentioned steps, determine the formation characteristics of the formation pore pressure that calculates, described formation characteristics comprises the response of depth of stratum and SVEL at least.
Step 102 according to well-log information (mainly comprising the degree of depth and its corresponding SVEL), is obtained the SVEL data characteristics series { h of described each interval (i), v (i).The SVEL data characteristics series of wherein said each interval has comprised SVEL corresponding to each depth point in this interval.
Step 103 is utilized small wave converting method, to described SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Decompose, obtain corresponding detail value DS { cd (i)And background value DS { ca (i).
Wherein, can adopt Matlab software, determine suitable wavelet basis function and decompose the number of plies, program, to the decomposition that SVEL data characteristics series is carried out, obtain corresponding background value DS { ca (i)And detail value DS { cd (i).
Step 104, the detail value DS addition with correspondence obtains the pore-fluid SVEL
Figure BDA00002761690800041
Step 105 is utilized described pore-fluid SVEL, in conjunction with the actual measurement formation pore pressure, based on differential principle, sets up formation pore pressure model:
P p ( i ) = P p ( m + 1 ) + a ( P p ( m + 1 ) - P p ( m ) ) ( | v f ( i ) - v f ( m + 1 ) v f ( m + 1 ) - v f ( m ) | ) t ,
Wherein, P P (i)Be i depth point pore pressure, v F (i)Be the SVEL of i depth point pore-fluid, the pore-fluid SVEL that m is ordered for the most close i is by just becoming negative or becoming positive depth point by negative, and a and t are calculating parameter.
Wherein, can be in advance by surveying the formation pore pressure of some depth point, with the pore-fluid SVEL of these depth points that calculate, bring above-mentioned formulary regression into and obtain described calculating parameter a and t, positive and negative pore-fluid SVEL and the P of depending on of described a P (m)-P P (m+1)Positive and negative, for example when the pore-fluid SVEL for negative, a and P P (m)-P P (m+1)Product should be on the occasion of; Otherwise opposite.
Pass between described pore-fluid SVEL and described depth point pore pressure is: the pore-fluid SVEL is just being become by negative, and described formation pore pressure diminishes, described pore-fluid SVEL on the occasion of larger, described formation pore pressure value is less; The pore-fluid SVEL is by just becoming negative, and it is large that described formation pore pressure becomes, and described pore-fluid SVEL negative value is less, and formation pore pressure is larger.
Step 106 with the described formation pore pressure model of pore-fluid SVEL DS substitution, calculates the formation pore pressure section.
Method by the invention described above embodiment, utilize the pore-fluid SVEL to set up formation pore pressure model, can calculate more accurately formation pore pressure, for Drilling Design, selection and definite suitable safe drilling fluid density provide scientific basis, with the generation of down-hole complex accident in effective prevention drilling construction process.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as a kind of particular flow sheet that utilizes wavelet transformation to calculate the formation pore pressure method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Step 201 is determined the lithology of each interval by other related datas such as geology, well loggings, described lithology can comprise sand layers at least, grey rock stratum, shale layer, salt rock stratum etc.
Step 202 according to the strata division situation of geologic information, is determined the formation characteristics of formation pore pressure to be calculated, and described formation characteristics comprises the response of depth of stratum and SVEL.
Step 203 according to well-log information, is obtained each interval log data, wherein mainly comprises the characteristic series { h of each depth of stratum and SVEL v (i), v (i), h wherein (i)Be the degree of depth, v (i)Be the SVEL of this degree of depth, be illustrated in figure 3 as the characteristic series { h of embodiment of the present invention SVEL (i), v (i)Schematic diagram, wherein, characteristic refers to the corresponding SVEL of each degree of depth.In this step, can adopt Excel software that above-mentioned SVEL characteristic series is saved as .txt text formatting file, recycling Matlab software is with SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Save as the .mat formatted file for .txt text formatting file, and so just can utilize Matlab software, according to small wave converting method, carry out the calculating that SVEL decomposes.
Step 204, theoretical based on Biot, utilize small wave converting method, preferred suitable wavelet basis function is first determined one and is decomposed the number of plies, and above-mentioned SVEL characteristic series is decomposed, wherein can compare according to the trend of the background value that obtains after decomposing and the trend of SVEL curve, compare the whether distortion of trend of SVEL curve of the trend that judges described background value, when namely both trend was identical, the decomposition number of plies of determining this moment was rational; As not identical in trend, need reselect the decomposition number of plies, it is carried out decomposition computation, until trend is identical.According to wavelet basis function and the described decomposition number of plies, based on Matlab Software Create SVEL decomposing module.
Above-mentioned steps can be decomposed it just beginning to select one to decompose the number of plies, sees then whether background value trend is consistent with the SVEL curvilinear trend, as unanimously, just selects this to decompose the number of plies; Reselect as inconsistent; Until consistent, reasonably decompose the number of plies corresponding be that background value is consistent with the SVEL curvilinear trend.
Step 205, the DS after being decomposed according to the SVEL decomposing module, i.e. background value DS { ca (i)And detail value DS { cd (i), be illustrated in figure 4 as the schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention detail value DS.In Fig. 4, primary signal refers to SVEL data characteristics series; Ordinate is labeled as { ca (i)Expression background value size; { cd (i)Be expressed as the detail value size; Abscissa is expressed as the SVEL point.
Step 206 is with the detail value DS { cd of correspondence (i)Addition, pore-fluid SVEL series { v can be obtained f, wherein specifically refer to, the corresponding SVEL of each depth of stratum point, the SVEL of each depth of stratum point is rear to several detail value data should be arranged by decomposing, and will become the pore-fluid SVEL on this stratum after these detail value data additions
Figure BDA00002761690800061
Be illustrated in figure 5 as the schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention pore-fluid SVEL.As can be seen from the figure, described pore-fluid SVEL have just have negative.
Step 207 is collected actual measurement formation pore pressure value, for example:
Figure BDA00002761690800062
Can draw by analyzing, the pore-fluid SVEL is just being become by negative, and formation pore pressure diminishes, the pore-fluid SVEL on the occasion of larger, formation pore pressure is less; The pore-fluid SVEL is by just becoming negative, and it is large that formation pore pressure becomes, and pore-fluid SVEL negative value is less, and formation pore pressure is larger.
Set up the model between pore-fluid SVEL and formation pore pressure, that is:
P p ( i ) = P p ( m + 1 ) + a ( P p ( m + 1 ) - P p ( m ) ) ( | v f ( i ) - v f ( m + 1 ) v f ( m + 1 ) - v f ( m ) | ) t ,
Wherein i is depth of stratum point to be asked, i=1, and 2 ..., n; M for the pore-fluid SVEL of the most close described depth of stratum point to be asked by just becoming negative or by the positive point of negative change; Described P P (i)Be i depth of stratum point pore pressure; v F (i)It is the SVEL of i depth point pore-fluid; A and t are calculating parameter.
As an example of the embodiment of the present invention, be 2 for the measured value m in above-mentioned steps 207, utilize the 5th depth of stratum point pore pressure of above-mentioned model calculating to be:
P p ( 5 ) = P p ( 3 ) + a ( P p ( 3 ) - P p ( 2 ) ) ( | v f ( 5 ) - v f ( 3 ) v f ( 3 ) - v f ( 2 ) | ) t .
Wherein, calculating parameter a in described model and t can return by the actual measurement formation pore pressure and calculate, survey arbitrarily point value (for example measured value in step 207) as long as have 4, just can obtain a and t by regression algorithm, can calculate a=± 1.2972 for the actual measurement formation pore pressure in step 207, t=1.1769, wherein, the value of calculating parameter a and t is constant in common embodiment, and the positive negative value of a depends on pore-fluid SVEL and P P (m)-P P (m+1)Positive and negative, for example when the pore-fluid SVEL for negative, a and (P P (m)-P P (m+1)) product should be on the occasion of; Otherwise opposite.
Step 208, the model of the pore-fluid SVEL being brought into above-mentioned steps 207 calculates, and obtains the formation pore pressure section, for example Figure 6 shows that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the pore-fluid SVEL to calculate the result schematic diagram of formation pore pressure.
Method by the invention described above embodiment, utilize the pore-fluid SVEL to set up formation pore pressure model, can calculate more accurately formation pore pressure, for Drilling Design, selection and definite suitable safe drilling fluid density provide scientific basis, with the generation of down-hole complex accident in effective prevention drilling construction process.
Above-described embodiments of the invention are with reference to different functional units and processor.Yet, it is evident that, in harmless situation of the present invention, can use any suitable function combination between different function units or processor.For example, the function in multiprocessor or controller execution may be carried out on single processor or controller.Therefore, specific functional units quote the appropriate means that should be regarded as be used to described function is provided, rather than specially refer in certain specific logic, physical arrangement or organizational styucture.
The present invention can realize with any suitable form, comprise hardware, software, firmware or their any combination.The present invention can be according to circumstances selectively part realize, such as software performing in one or more data processors and digital signal processor.The element of each embodiment of this paper and assembly can be physically, on function, realize in any suitable manner in logic.In fact, function can be in separate unit, in one group of unit or is realized as the part of other functional units.Therefore, this system and method both can be realized in separate unit, also can physically and be distributed on function between different unit and processor.
Technician in association area will recognize that, embodiments of the invention have many possible modifications and combination, although form is slightly different, still adopts identical fundamental mechanism and method.For the purpose of explaining, aforementioned description is with reference to several specific embodiment.Yet above-mentioned illustrative discussion is not intended to precise forms exhaustive or that restriction this paper invents.Shown in preamble, many modifications and variations are possible.Selected and described embodiment in order to explain principle of the present invention and practical application thereof, uses so that those skilled in the art can utilize the modification for application-specific, the distortion of the present invention and each embodiment best.

Claims (6)

1. a method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure, is characterized in that comprising,
According to geologic information, determine each interval lithology in the stratum;
According to well-log information, obtain the SVEL characteristic series { h of described each interval (i), v (i), h wherein (i)Be the degree of depth, v (i)SVEL for this degree of depth;
Utilize small wave converting method to described SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Decompose, obtain corresponding detail value DS { cd (i)And background value DS { ca (i);
Detail value DS { cd with correspondence (i)Addition, pore-fluid SVEL DS obtained
Figure FDA00002761690700011
Utilize described pore-fluid SVEL DS, in conjunction with the actual measurement formation pore pressure, according to differential principle, set up formation pore pressure model, i.e. P p=f (v f):
P p ( i ) = P p ( m + 1 ) + a ( P p ( m + 1 ) - P p ( m ) ) ( | v f ( i ) - v f ( m + 1 ) v f ( m + 1 ) - v f ( m ) | ) t
Wherein, P P (i)Be i depth point pore pressure, v F (i)Be the SVEL of i depth point pore-fluid, the pore-fluid SVEL that m is ordered for the most close i is by just becoming negative or becoming positive depth point by negative, and a and t are calculating parameter;
With the described formation pore pressure model of pore-fluid SVEL DS substitution, calculate the formation pore pressure section.
2. a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that described lithology comprises at least, sand layers, grey rock stratum, shale layer, salt rock stratum.
3. a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, utilize small wave converting method, determine wavelet basis function and decompose the number of plies, by the Matlab software programming, to described SVEL characteristic series { h (i), v (i)Decompose, obtain corresponding background value DS { ca (i)And detail value DS { cd (i).
4. a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described decomposition number of plies obtains by the following method, compare according to the trend of the background value that obtains after decomposing and the trend of SVEL curve, the trend that judges described background value is compared the trend of SVEL curve when identical, and the decomposition number of plies of determining this moment is rational; If trend is not identical, need reselect the decomposition number of plies, it is carried out decomposition computation, until trend is identical.
5. a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to differential principle, the relation of the pore-fluid SVEL of the formation pore pressure by surveying some depth point and this depth point that calculates, and return out calculating parameter a and the t described in above-mentioned model.
6. a kind of method of utilizing wavelet transformation to calculate formation pore pressure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pass between described pore-fluid SVEL and described depth point pore pressure is: the pore-fluid SVEL is just being become by negative, described formation pore pressure diminishes, described pore-fluid SVEL on the occasion of larger, described formation pore pressure value is less; The pore-fluid SVEL is by just becoming negative, and it is large that described formation pore pressure becomes, and described pore-fluid SVEL negative value is less, and formation pore pressure is larger.
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CN111364983B (en) * 2020-04-09 2023-09-26 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Method for calculating exciting pressure in perforating string tripping process
CN117784244A (en) * 2024-02-28 2024-03-29 中国石油大学(华东) Fine-grained mixed rock pore pressure prediction method and system based on longitudinal wave velocity
CN117784244B (en) * 2024-02-28 2024-05-10 中国石油大学(华东) Fine-grained mixed rock pore pressure prediction method and system based on longitudinal wave velocity

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