CN103076402A - Transducer for exciting and receiving multimode ultrasonic guided waves in pipe - Google Patents

Transducer for exciting and receiving multimode ultrasonic guided waves in pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103076402A
CN103076402A CN2012105933237A CN201210593323A CN103076402A CN 103076402 A CN103076402 A CN 103076402A CN 2012105933237 A CN2012105933237 A CN 2012105933237A CN 201210593323 A CN201210593323 A CN 201210593323A CN 103076402 A CN103076402 A CN 103076402A
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shearing
transducer
type piezoelectric
piezoelectric chip
guided wave
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武湛君
马书义
王奕首
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a transducer for exciting and receiving multimode ultrasonic guided waves in a pipe, and belongs to the technical field of non-destructive testing. The transducer is characterized by comprising two shearing piezoelectric wafers, wherein the two shearing piezoelectric wafers are horizontally arranged up and down; the vibration directions of the two shearing piezoelectric wafers are the same with respective polarization directions thereof; the polarization directions of the two piezoelectric wafers are mutual orthogonal; and the two piezoelectric wafers are electrically isolated from each other through an isolation layer positioned therebetween. Execution signals are applied on the two piezoelectric wafers respectively, so that the transducer can load different directional loads needed by exciting different mode guided waves on the surface of a detected structure, and the different mode guided waves transmitted along the axial direction of the detected structure can cause the vibration of the piezoelectric wafers to generate voltage signals for analyzing and processing when the main vibration direction of the piezoelectric wafers is the same with the polarization direction of one piezoelectric wafer. The transducer has the effects and the benefits that single one-way guided waves with different modes can be excited and received in the structure through mounting three circles of transducer arrays once along the axial direction of the detected structure, the application is simple, and the scene detection efficiency is high.

Description

A kind of for the transducer at pipeline excitation and reception multi-mode supersonic guide-wave
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing, relate to a kind of for the transducer at pipeline, thin wall tubule and the excitation of other hollow cylinder structures and reception multi-mode supersonic guide-wave.
Background technology
The supersonic guide-wave technology can realize the quick nondestructive detection of the hollow cylinder structures such as pipeline, this technology adopts the pulse-echo principle, by arranging that in the structure somewhere transducer or transducer array can realize the global detection of tens of meters scope inner structures, efficient is high, and cost is low.
The guided wave of propagating vertically in the hollow cylinder structure has a plurality of mode.Take pipeline as example, be illustrated in figure 1 as internal diameter 53mm, the group velocity dispersion curve of guided wave when 0~150kHz in the 40# steel pipe of wall thickness 3.5mm.Can find out from dispersion curve, have the guided wave of three kinds of different modes in the pipeline, i.e. rotational symmetry vertical pattern L (0, n), and axisymmetric torsion pattern T (0, n) with non-axisymmetric bending model F (M, n), wherein, M=1,2,3 ... be circumferential order, n=1,2,3 ... be modulus, every kind of pattern comprises again a unlimited guided wave modal.
For making guided wave technology can be applied to better the Non-Destructive Testing of the hollow cylinder structures such as pipeline, the guided wave that requires transducer or transducer array to encourage possesses three features: (1) wishes the guided wave of the single mode of excitation for ease of echoed signal analysis and processing; (2) guided wave is two-way propagation in structure, for the resolve echoes direction and then distinguish that damage in the position of transducer both sides, needs the guided wave of excitation single direction; (3) the different mode guided wave is different along the Displacements Distribution of tube wall, thereby the different mode guided wave is different to different damage sensitivities, for avoiding to greatest extent undetected, wishes that transducer array can motivate the guided wave of different mode easily.
At present, the following version of the many employings of single unidirectional wave excitation device under the excitation single-mode: (1) a plurality of transducers with same structure are evenly arranged along the pipe circumference direction by clamp device and form the monocycle array; (2) the monocycle array that has a same structure along hollow cylinder structure axial arranged 2 or 3 rings forms multi-ring array, by control respectively encircle actuation duration of transducer and amplitude offset do not expect that the guided wave modal that occurs realizes the excitation of single direction guided wave simultaneously.The motivation needs of different mode guided wave is applied the load of different directions to structure by transducer, yet existing transducer one-step installation and excitation can only apply to structure the load of single direction, utilize the single unidirectional guided wave of existing transducer excitation different mode mainly to adopt two kinds of methods: after 1, transducer array is listed in the guided wave that has encouraged a kind of pattern, will to reinstall and then encourage the guided wave of another kind of pattern behind all the transducer dismountings on the jig and the half-twist; 2, along axis of no-feathering to arranging at least 5 ring transducers, according to the guided wave mode of required excitation and encourage single unidirectional guided wave under this pattern for the requirement of transducer number of rings, set the mounting means respectively encircle transducer with the requirement to loading direction of the single unidirectional guided wave that satisfies the excitation different mode, and then selectively excitation respectively encircles transducer, to realize the excitation of each single unidirectional guided wave.
Said method 1 is made troubles to Site Detection, for example for the transducer array of a cover towards 24 inches pipe detection, require the monocycle transducer array to arrange at least 56 transducers, if adopt 2 minimum ring transducer array designs, realize that then the motivation needs of a different mode guided wave all dismantles at least 112 transducers and reinstall, this will have a strong impact on the efficient of Site Detection.Said method 2 has been owing to adopted the design of many rings transducer array, so that the transducer array complex structure, volume is large, quality is heavy, cost is high.For example, if will in 24 inches pipeline, encourage single unidirectional longitudinal mode L (0,2) and torsion mode T (0,1), then need 5 ring transducer arrays to arrange, need at least altogether 280 transducers.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of one-step installation and can apply multiaxis loading and excitation and receive the transducer of multi-mode guided wave in structure to hollow cylinder structures such as pipelines, make the transducer array one-step installation can encourage and receive the single unidirectional guided wave of different mode in the hollow cylinder structures such as pipeline, the while is significantly reduced volume, quality and the cost of transducer array.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise protection pad, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip, the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip, separation layer, hard backing housing, left concentric cable, right concentric cable and bonding agent in the transducer architecture.Two shearing-type piezoelectric chips are horizontally disposed up and down in transducer architecture, direction of vibration is with polarised direction is consistent separately, and two shearing-type piezoelectric chip polarised directions are orthogonal, and carry out electrical isolation by the separation layer between two shearing-type piezoelectric chips; Described protection pad, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip, separation layer, the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip, hard backing housing are horizontally disposed successively from bottom to top in transducer architecture, and are bonded as one by bonding agent.
Described the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip polarised direction according to transducer at the mounting means of body structure surface and excitation desired pattern guided wave required loading direction flexible choice.For two shearing-type piezoelectric chips are independent of each other when excitation receives guided wave, require two shearing-type piezoelectric chip vibration modes single, therefore two shearing-type piezoelectric chips all adopt rectangular sheet, and long thick ratio is all more than or equal to 20.The too thin then complex manufacturing technology of piezoelectric chip, cost is high, too thick then its length of piezoelectric chip is longer, and transducer volume and quality are just larger, also is difficult to simultaneously to guarantee at the transducer of the detected column structure circumferential arrangement sufficient amount guided wave modal to suppress not expect to occur.Consider above-mentioned factor, all between 20 ~ 30, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip length is 8 ~ 30mm to the thick ratio of described the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip and the second shearing-type piezo crystals length of a film, be preferably 10 ~ 16mm, thickness is 0.2 ~ 1mm, is preferably 0.4 ~ 0.8mm, and width is 2 ~ 4mm; Silver-plated or the tin of two shearing-type piezoelectric chip positive and negative electrodes; For convenient two shearing-type piezoelectric chip positive and negative electrodes are connected with concentric cable, the equal flange of two shearing-type piezoelectric chip lower surface negative electrodes extends to upper surface, the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip length is compared the short 2 ~ 3mm of the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip length, and thickness is identical with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip with width.
Described separation layer adopts polyimide material, and length and width is identical with the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip length and width, and thickness is between 0.1 ~ 0.5mm; The separation layer upper surface is bonding by described bonding agent and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip lower surface negative electrode, and the separation layer lower surface is bonding by bonding agent and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip upper surface, and bonding thickness is all between 20 ~ 50 μ m.
Described protection pad adopts the aluminium oxide hard ceramic, and length and width is identical with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip, and thickness is between 0.2~1.0mm; The protective seam lower surface contacts with detected structure, and upper surface and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip lower surface negative electrode are bonding by described bonding agent, and bonding thickness is between 20 ~ 50 μ m; The protection pad plays mechanical protection and prevents the effect that medium corrodes as the acoustic impedance transition of piezoelectric chip and detected structure and to piezoelectric chip.
Described hard backing housing is the rectangular structure of employing stainless steel material, length and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip equal in length, and width highly is 5 ~ 10mm greater than the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip width 2 ~ 4mm; The housing left and right sides has two cylindrical channels, the left side concentric cable passes fills the space with described bonding agent after the left circles cylindrical passageway is connected with the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip upper surface positive and negative electrode, and the right side concentric cable passes fills the space with described bonding agent after the right circles cylindrical passageway is connected with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip upper surface positive and negative electrode; Hard backing housing applies in pumping signal as described piezoelectric chip and finishes rear rapidly failure of oscillation, to improve the resolving power of defects detection.
Described bonding agent is tungsten powder and epoxy resin composition, and according to mass ratio 3:1 proportioning, epoxy resin adopts Hysol9396.
Respectively two piezoelectric chips in the transducer are applied the guided wave pumping signal, then two shearing-type piezo crystals sector-meetings produce orthogonal vibration, and another piezoelectric chip can not exert an influence to its vibrational energy during the vibration of one of them piezoelectric chip, and this is so that the guided wave that the transducer one-step installation can apply the load of different directions and then motivate different mode body structure surface.According to existing known technology, encircle transducers and transducer is applied along its axial load structure along detected structure axial arranged 3, can in detected structure, motivate the single unidirectional vertical pattern guided wave of low order, encircle transducers and transducer is applied along the tangential load of its circumference structure along detected structure axial arranged 2, can in detected structure, motivate the single unidirectional torsional mode guided wave of low order.Therefore, utilize transducer of the present invention, along detected axis of no-feathering to arranging that altogether three encircle the excitation that the transducer array with same transducer quantity and structure can be realized the single unidirectional guided wave of different mode.On the other hand, different mode guided wave along detected structure Propagation also can cause that when its main direction of vibration is consistent with certain piezoelectric chip polarised direction the vibration of this piezoelectric chip and then generation voltage signal are used for analyzing and processing, so transducer of the present invention also can realize that one-step installation can receive the guided wave of different mode in the structure.
Transducer of the present invention can encourage and receive the guided wave of different mode in the hollow cylinder structure, it has the following advantages when being used for the structure Non-Destructive Testing: (1) transducer one-step installation can apply the excitation required different directions load of different mode guided wave and not need dismounting, rotates and reinstall transducer body structure surface, has significantly improved Site Detection efficient; (2) encircle excitation and the reception that transducer arrays can be realized the single unidirectional guided wave of different mode along detected structure axial arranged 3, compare with existing 5 ring transducer array array structures, required numbers of transducers has reduced 2/5 on the one hand, has also significantly reduced volume, quality and the cost of transducer array simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is internal diameter 53mm, the group velocity dispersion curve map of guided wave when 0~150kHz in the 40# steel pipe of wall thickness 3.5mm.Horizontal and vertical coordinate is respectively frequency (kHz) and guided wave group velocity (m/ms) among the figure.
Fig. 2 is the transducer architecture front section view.
Among the figure: 1 hard backing housing; 2 first shearing-type piezoelectric chips; 3 second shearing-type piezoelectric chips; 4 protection pads; 5 separation layers; 6 bonding agents; 7 left column type passages; 8 right column type passages; 9 left concentric cable; 10 right concentric cable.
Fig. 3 is based on three ring transducer array synoptic diagram of the single unidirectional guided wave of excitation different mode in the pipeline of transducer of the present invention.
Among the figure: 11 detected pipelines; 12 transducer arrays; 13 monocycle transducer arrays.
Fig. 4 utilizes transducer of the present invention to encourage as a result figure of single unidirectional longitudinal mode guided wave L (0,2) in pipeline.The guided wave signals voltage amplitude (V) that horizontal and vertical coordinate is respectively the time (ms) and receives among the figure.
Fig. 5 utilizes transducer of the present invention to encourage as a result figure of single unidirectional torsion mode guided wave T (0,1) in pipeline.The guided wave signals voltage amplitude (V) that horizontal and vertical coordinate is respectively the time (ms) and receives among the figure.
Embodiment
Be described in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment is take pipe detection as example, but the present invention's application is not limited to pipeline configuration that embodiment lifts.The guided wave modal of expectation excitation is rotational symmetry longitudinal mode guided wave L (0,2) and axisymmetric torsion mode guided wave T (0,1) commonly used in the pipe detection, but is not limited to excitation guided wave modal that embodiment lifts.
Embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, adopt 2 pairs of pipelines of the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip to apply axial load with excitation L (0,2) mode guided wave, adopt 3 pairs of pipelines of the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip to apply circumferential load with excitation T (0,1) mode guided wave, for the transducer that guarantees to arrange sufficient amount at the pipeline outer wall of various outer diameter to suppress the mode of flexural vibration guided wave, the transducer length direction in the present embodiment is arranged along pipeline axial.
Transducer architecture and design: as shown in Figure 2, be a kind of transducer for the hollow cylinder structures such as pipeline being applied multiaxis loading provided by the present invention, comprise the second consistent shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 of protection pad 4, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2, polarised direction and direction of vibration that polarised direction is consistent with direction of vibration, for separation layer 5, hard backing housing 1, left side concentric cable 9 and the right side concentric cable 10 of two shearing-type piezoelectric chip electrical isolation; The first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 polarised directions are along its length direction, and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 polarised directions are along its Width; Protection pad 4, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2, separation layer 5, the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3, hard backing housing 1 are horizontally disposed successively from bottom to top in transducer architecture, and are bonded as one by bonding agent 6.
For making transducer and detected pipeline good coupling, the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 all adopt rectangular sheet; The first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 length are 13mm in the present embodiment, and width is 3mm, and thickness is 0.5mm; The second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 length are 10mm, and width is 3mm, and thickness is 0.5mm; Two shearing-type piezoelectric chip positive and negative electrodes are zinc-plated, and for making things convenient for wiring, the equal flange of two shearing-type piezoelectric chip lower surface negative poles extends to upper surface, and upper surface negative pole length is 1mm, and the upper surface positive pole is 1mm with upper surface negative pole spacing.
Protection pad 4 adopts the aluminium oxide hard ceramic; length and width is identical with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2; thickness is 0.5mm; protection pad 4 lower surfaces contact with detected structure; upper surface and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 lower surface negative electrodes are bonding by bonding agent 6, and bonding thickness is between 20 ~ 50 μ m.
Separation layer 5 adopts polyimide material, length and width equates with the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 length and widths, thickness is 0.2mm, separation layer 5 upper surfaces are bonding by bonding agent 6 and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 lower surface negative poles, separation layer 5 lower surfaces are bonding by bonding agent 6 and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 upper surfaces, and bonding thickness is between 20 ~ 50 μ m.
Hard backing housing 1 adopts stainless steel material, be shaped as rectangular structure, length and the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 equal in length, width is greater than the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 width 4mm, highly be 10mm, hard backing housing 1 left and right sides has two column type passages, is respectively left circles column type passage 7 and right circles cylindrical passageway 8, the passage internal diameter is 2mm, highly is 6mm; Left side concentric cable 9 passes fills the space of expiring between left circles cylindrical passageway 7 and the left side concentric cable 9 with bonding agent 6 after left circles cylindrical passageway 7 is connected with the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 upper surface positive and negative electrodes, right side concentric cable 10 passes fills the space of expiring between right circles cylindrical passageway 8 and the right side concentric cable 10 with bonding agent 6 after right circles cylindrical passageway 8 is connected with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 upper surface positive and negative electrodes, and the concentric cable diameter is 1.5mm.
Bonding agent 6 is the potpourri of tungsten powder and epoxy resin, and according to mass ratio 3:1 proportioning, epoxy resin is Hysol9396.
Detected pipeline 11 parameters: internal diameter 53mm, wall thickness 3.5mm, length 5m, material 40# steel, not damaged, but be not limited to line size that embodiment lifts and material.
Guided wave pumping signal parameter: by Fig. 1 dispersion curve, L (0,2) non-frequency dispersion section has been selected in the guided wave excitation, be 80~100kHz that group velocity does not change with the variation of frequency, 30~35kHz of non-frequency dispersion section has been selected in the excitation of T (0,1) guided wave, and the step is 1kHz frequently, excitation signal waveforms adopts 10 cycle sinusoidal signals through the Hanning window modulation, and piezoelectric chip driving voltage peak-to-peak value is 300V.
Transducer array 12: the highest mode of flexural vibration order that occurs at frequency 100kHz place is 7, therefore be evenly arranged altogether 8 transducers along pipeline 11 circumferencial directions and form monocycle transducer array 13, form transducer array 12 along pipeline 11 axial arranged three monocycle transducer arrays 13 with same transducer quantity and structure, as shown in Figure 3; 8 left side concentric cable 9 in each monocycle transducer array 13 are connected in parallel respectively, so that the guided wave exciting bank can encourage respectively the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 in each monocycle transducer array 13 and then pipeline applied axisymmetric axial load, 8 right side concentric cable 10 in each monocycle transducer array 13 are connected in parallel respectively, so that the guided wave exciting bank can encourage respectively the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 in each monocycle transducer array 13 and then pipeline applied axisymmetric circumferential load.Transducer is used as the sensor of guided wave signals in the receiving pipeline equally.
By clamp device the pretightning force that each transducer applies about 40N is made transducer and pipeline outer wall good coupling.Each monocycle transducer array 13 along the ring spacing of pipeline axial from and excitation order, amplitude, delay time all adopt known technology, used guided wave excitation receiving trap and installation clamp device all adopt known technology and equipment.Be arranged in the middle monocycle transducer array 13 of transducer array 12 apart from pipeline 11 right-hand member 3.1m, apart from pipeline 11 left end 1.9m, the L (0 that utilizes transducer array 12 excitations to propagate to its right side, 2) guided wave, then three monocycle transducer arrays 13 all will be energized, T (0, the 1) guided wave that excitation is propagated to its left side then need encourage two adjacent in the transducer array 12 monocycle transducer arrays 13.
L (0 during 80kHz, 2) guided wave excitation/reception result as shown in Figure 4, can be found out by Fig. 4 testing result, be about 1.05s the time of arrival of right side pipe end echo, theoretical velocity of wave is 5960m/s, then the distance propagated of guided wave is 6.26m, this distance is the monocycle transducer array 13 that the mediates twice to right side pipe end distance, and before the pipe end echo without the echoed signal of left side pipe end, this shows that transducer array 12 has motivated single unidirectional L (0,2) mode guided wave, the L (0 during other frequencies, 2) guided wave excitation/reception result and Fig. 4 testing result are similar, no longer enumerate at this.T (0 during 32kHz, 1) guided wave excitation/reception result as shown in Figure 5, can be found out by Fig. 5 testing result, be about 1.2s the time of arrival of left side pipe end echo, theoretical velocity of wave 3250m/s, then the distance propagated of guided wave is 3.9m, this distance is the monocycle transducer array 13 that the mediates twice to left side pipe end distance, this shows that transducer array 12 has motivated single unidirectional T (0,1) mode guided wave, T during other frequencies (0,1) guided wave excitation/reception result and Fig. 5 testing result are similar, no longer enumerate at this.
Embodiment 2.
In the present embodiment, adopt 2 pairs of pipelines of the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip to apply circumferential load with excitation T (0,1) mode guided wave, adopt 3 pairs of pipelines of the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip to apply axial load with excitation L (0,2) mode guided wave, the transducer length direction arranges that along pipeline axial the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip 2 polarised directions are along its Width, and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip 3 polarised directions are along its length direction;
Detected pipeline 11 parameters: internal diameter 206mm, wall thickness 6.5mm, length 5m, material 20# steel, not damaged.
Transducer architecture and design, transducer array array structure and installation site, used guided wave pumping signal, excitation frequency on pipeline, excitation is all identical with embodiment 1 with the reception guided wave method.Different is that the numbers of transducers that each monocycle transducer array 13 comprises in transducer array 12 structures is 24.
Testing result shows that single unidirectional L (0,2) guided wave excitation/reception result is identical with Fig. 4 in the pipeline, and single unidirectional T (0,1) guided wave excitation/reception result is identical with Fig. 5.

Claims (3)

1. one kind is used in the pipeline excitation and receives the transducer of multi-mode supersonic guide-wave, comprise protection pad (4), the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2), the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3), separation layer (5), hard backing housing (1), left concentric cable (9), right concentric cable (10) and bonding agent (6), it is characterized in that; Two up and down horizontally disposed direction of vibration shearing-type piezoelectric chips consistent with polarised direction have separately been comprised in the transducer architecture, be called the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2) and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3), two shearing-type piezoelectric chip polarised directions are orthogonal, and carry out electrical isolation by the separation layer (5) between two shearing-type piezoelectric chips; Described protection pad (4), the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2), separation layer (5), the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3), hard backing housing (1) are horizontally disposed successively from bottom to top in transducer architecture, and are bonded as one by bonding agent (6).
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for the transducer at pipeline excitation and reception multi-mode supersonic guide-wave, it is characterized in that: described the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2) and the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3) are rectangular sheet, and long thick ratio is 20 ~ 30; The first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2) length is 8 ~ 30mm, and thickness is 0.2 ~ 1mm, and width is 2 ~ 4mm; Short 2 ~ the 3mm of described the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2) length of the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3) Length Ratio, thickness is identical with the first shearing-type piezoelectric chip (2) with width.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of for the transducer at pipeline excitation and reception multi-mode supersonic guide-wave, it is characterized in that: separation layer (5) adopts polyimide material, length and width is identical with the second shearing-type piezoelectric chip (3) length and width, and thickness is 0.1 ~ 0.5mm.
CN2012105933237A 2012-12-29 2012-12-29 Transducer for exciting and receiving multimode ultrasonic guided waves in pipe Pending CN103076402A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106124635A (en) * 2016-08-15 2016-11-16 北京大学 For the piezoelectric transducer of pipe ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection and control method thereof and application
CN106124635B (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-12-04 北京大学 For the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and its control method of pipe ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection and application
CN106876576A (en) * 2017-02-13 2017-06-20 北京信息科技大学 A kind of piezo-electricity composite material based on scissoring vibration and preparation method thereof
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CN110261488A (en) * 2019-06-25 2019-09-20 中国石油大学(北京) Two component transversal wave ultrasonic transducer of vertical shear and preparation method thereof
WO2022252227A1 (en) * 2021-06-04 2022-12-08 Abb Schweiz Ag Sensing assembly for use in piezoelectric liquid level sensor

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Application publication date: 20130501