CN103075819A - Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond - Google Patents
Composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN103075819A CN103075819A CN201310064456XA CN201310064456A CN103075819A CN 103075819 A CN103075819 A CN 103075819A CN 201310064456X A CN201310064456X A CN 201310064456XA CN 201310064456 A CN201310064456 A CN 201310064456A CN 103075819 A CN103075819 A CN 103075819A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/10—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids forming pools or ponds
- F24S10/13—Salt-gradient ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond. A deep-color porous medium layer is horizontally paved at the bottom of a solar pond heat storage layer; a transparent porous medium layer is horizontally paved above the deep-color porous medium layer; the void spaces of the transparent porous medium layer and the deep-color porous medium layer are full of strong brine, i.e., voids are filled with the strong brine, so that a composite porous medium layer is constructed; the total thickness of the composite porous medium layer is determined according to the practical depth of the built salt-gradient solar pond; specific to the aim of preventing the stability of a salt-gradient layer from being damaged by the temperature rise of the heat storage layer caused by the composite porous medium layer, the total thickness of the composite porous medium layer is not greater than a half of the total thickness of the heat storage layer; and a strong brine layer, the salt-gradient layer and a fresh water layer are poured in sequence from the upper part of the composite porous medium layer, so that the composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond is constructed. The composite porous medium salt-gradient solar pond has a good characteristic of increasing the average temperature of the heat storage layer, and has an important practical application value.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of salt gradient solar pond technology, belong to regenerative resource and energy-saving field, a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond particularly, it is the salt gradient solar pond that a kind of reservoir adds the composite porous media layer.
Background technology:
The salt gradient solar pond is a kind of brine pit with finite concentration gradient, and it can collect and store solar energy simultaneously, has the function of solar energy heating and heat accumulation concurrently.Because the thermmal storage character that itself has, the salt gradient solar pond has important development potentiality aspect solar thermal utilization.The salt gradient solar pond mainly consists of by three layers, and orlop is reservoir, is made of strong brine, and the intermediate layer is salt gradient layer, and salinity reduces from below to up successively, and the superiors are fresh water aquifer.The salt gradient that reduces gradually from bottom to top in the salting liquid of lower troposphere middle and high concentration and the salt gradient layer in the solar pond, under action of gravitation, the free convection process that has stoped whole pond, so heat can not be lost in the mode of convection current in the surface air, can only be delivered to water surface by thicker salt gradient layer in heat conducting mode, and conduction process is relatively slowly.Like this, the solar radiation of arrival reservoir is stored by the form with heat.Although it is intermittent to arrive the solar radiation of earth surface, depend on to a great extent atmospheric condition, large tracts of land salt gradient solar pond can absorb and store solar energy, even continuous overcast and rainy in, reservoir does not have significantly yet lowers the temperature.Salt gradient solar pond by appropriate design and operation can store solar energy for use in winter in warm season.The salt gradient solar pond can provide low-temperature heat source, can be that agricultural fish product is dry, and aquaculture is survived the winter, winter heating, desalinization, even dynamic power system provides thermal source.
China is vast in territory, and solar energy resources is abundant, and the salt gradient solar pond not only can not be brought pollution to environment, operation logic according to solar pond, itself or the container of pollutant, such as adopting bittern perfusion solar pond, the remaining bittern main component of salt manufacturing is NaCl, MgCl
2And MgSO
4Deng, often be provided freely to the chemical plant for the production of magnesium chloride.But supply exceed demand for magnesium chloride in the market.Undressed bittern is flow back to the sea, not only pollute the offshore sea waters but also caused the waste of resource, and affected the quality of the follow-up product salt of salt flat, adopted bittern perfusion solar pond, both having utilized to the discarded object-bittern of environment, to provide heat energy for people again simultaneously.
Although solar pond has above advantage, but because its reservoir of traditional salt gradient solar pond mainly is made of strong brine or bittern, for the large tracts of land solar pond, although the total heat energy that stores is very large, but the temperature of reservoir is not high, and the large tracts of land salt gradient solar pond reservoir mean temperature of general actual motion only has 40-70
oBetween the C, this has limited the application of salt gradient solar pond to a great extent, so the research of raising salt gradient solar pond reservoir temperature is significant.
Porous media salt gradient solar pond is four layer models, has added one deck porous media in traditional salt gradient solar pond bottom.Porous media has less thermal diffusivity, and the material of low thermal diffusion coefficient has good heat insulation effect.In recent years, someone proposes to increase the way of porous medium layer to slow down salt to the diffusion on upper strata in the reservoir bottom, the inventor herein is through research, the result shows that bottom interpolation porous media material is conducive to solar pond reservoir temperature and raises, the experimental result of adding slag shows, good heat insulation effect is also arranged at night when improving the reservoir temperature.In general, the porous media that adds is advisable with dark color, to increase the absorptive rate of radiation that arrives the solar pond bottom, according to the difference of adding the dark porosity of porous medium in the solar pond to, generally thick at 5-20cm, cause underclad portion not receive solar radiation, cause porous media waste to a certain extent, the reservoir mean temperature does not still reach peak.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention be directed to the problems referred to above that porous media salt gradient solar pond exists, and develop a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, it is to add two kinds and above porous medium layer in the bottom, utilize different porous media properties to reach best heat accumulation effect, can reach obvious raising salt gradient solar pond reservoir mean temperature, namely increase the actual available energy (heat of salt gradient solar pond reservoir
E X, Q) purpose.
A kind of method for building up of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond: this salt gradient solar pond reservoir bottommost level is laid dark porous media material, the strong brine density that requires this dark color porous media material solid portion density to be full of greater than interstitial space, according to the porosity of this dark color porous media material self and different with the porous media layer porosity of strong brine formation, laying depth is between 5 cm-20 cm.Dark porous medium layer top continuation level is laid the transparent porous dielectric material, this transparent porous dielectric material density of solid is greater than strong brine, grain diameter is greater than the dark porous media material of lower floor, this layer transparent porous dielectric layer and described dark porous media layer material are full of strong brine, be that the hole place is filled by strong brine, dark porous medium layer and on the transparent porous dielectric layer consisted of the composite porous media layer.Composite porous media layer gross thickness decided according to the salt gradient solar pond actual grade of setting up, and destroys salt gradient layer stability for fear of raising owing to the reservoir temperature, the gross thickness requirement of composite porous media layer be not more than reservoir gross thickness 1/2.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, be included in the heat exchanger of solar pond outer setting, the hot fluid import of heat exchanger is provided with hot salt brine and extracts pipeline, the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger is provided with hot salt brine playback pipeline after the heat exchange, the cold fluid entrance of heat exchanger connects and the cold fluid inlet duct, the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger connects the rear pipeline of cold fluid heating, wherein: the outer bottom in solar pond has heat-insulation layer, inner bottom part in solar pond has been horizontally disposed with dark porous medium layer, the upper horizontal of dark porous medium layer is provided with the transparent porous dielectric layer, be provided with strong brine in the interstitial space of this transparent porous dielectric layer and described dark porous medium layer and consisted of the composite porous media layer, the strong brine layer on composite porous media layer and top has consisted of reservoir, reservoir, salt gradient layer and fresh water aquifer have consisted of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond.
Further, the solid material density of described dark porous medium layer is greater than strong brine.
Further, the solid material density of described transparent porous dielectric layer is greater than strong brine, and grain diameter is not less than dark porous media layer material.
Further, described hot salt brine extracts the top that pipeline should be in the composite porous media layer, and the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline should be in the dark porous medium layer after the heat exchange.
Further, described composite porous media layer or add at least a porous media material, or two kinds of different porous media materials.
Further, the material of described dark porous medium layer can be slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite.
Further, the material of described transparent porous dielectric layer can be the larger glassware of transmissivity or other materials;
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) characteristics of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond of the present invention are that dark porous media material is to select the material high to sunlight transmittance, that reflectivity is low, such as materials such as slag, vermiculite, dark cobblestones, and this material has lower thermal diffusivity, has the density larger than the strong brine that pours into, simultaneously, these porous media material wide material sources, cheap and easy to get; The transparent porous dielectric layer material on composite porous media layer upper strata is to select that sunshine is had high transmitance, the material of low-launch-rate, and this material has lower thermal diffusivity, has the density larger than the perfusion strong brine, simultaneously, this porous media material is also answered wide material sources, and is cheap and easy to get.
2) composite porous media salt gradient solar pond of the present invention has the characteristic of significant raising reservoir mean temperature, in identical caloric receptivity situation, can improve the amount (heat of the available energy of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System
E X, Q), have important actual application value.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the temperature situation schematic diagram over time of different depth in the composite porous media layer that forms of slag of the present invention and glass marble.
Fig. 3 is the temperature contrast and experiment schematic diagram of situation over time of different depth in the individual layer slag porous medium layer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the temperature blank contrast and experiment schematic diagram in time that the present invention does not add the different depth in any porous media situation.
The specific embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, among Fig. 1: 1 fresh water aquifer, 2 salt gradient layers, 3 strong brine layers, 4 transparent porous dielectric layers, 5 dark porous medium layers, 6 heat-insulation layers, 7 hot salt brines extract pipeline, hot salt brine playback pipeline after 8 heat exchange, 9 heat exchangers, 10 cold fluid inlet ducts, pipeline after the heating of 11 cold fluids.The position of the hot salt brine extraction pipeline 7 of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond of the present invention should be in the top of composite porous media layer, and the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 should be in the dark porous medium layer after the heat exchange.
Fig. 2 of the present invention, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 have compared and adopt composite porous media that slag and glass marble form and adopt the individual layer slag and do not adopt in the porous media situation improving the effect of reservoir mean temperature, comprise that also thermal source stops temperature time dependent experimental result schematic diagram after the heat supply.Experimentation is as follows: adopt experiment to treat xylometer with the 10 minutes identical time of firm power heating with electric furnace, then stopped heating, until the measuring point temperature is down near room temperature in the container, employing temperature sensor and recorder record the temperature data of different measuring points in the whole experimentation, wherein:
Fig. 2 is that reservoir is to add the thick composite porous media layer of 6 cm in the thick saturated strong brine of 15 cm, and wherein dark porous medium layer 5 is the thick slags of 2 cm, and transparent porous dielectric layer 4 is the thick glass marbles of 4 cm;
Fig. 3 is for only adding the thick slag of individual layer 2 cm in reservoir bottom, it is identical that other parameters and Fig. 2 test situation;
The salt solution blank assay situation of Fig. 4 for not adding any porous media, except whether reservoir added the composite porous media layer, other parameters of three experiments were all identical.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 all begin to provide in the bottom external heat flow of formed objects from room temperature, after after a while, stop simultaneously the outside heat supply, and be identical to guarantee the heat that the three was absorbed.Figure below provides respectively in three kinds of experiment situations over time situation of reservoir different depth temperature, among Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
HThe expression measuring point for the temperature is apart from the distance of experiment container bottom.
From experimental result as seen, choose reasonable and collocation porous media material, under other condition same cases, composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond can obtain higher reservoir mean temperature.The material of this self porous of porous media material, especially slag itself has the low characteristics of thermal diffusion speed, so still can keep a lower thermal diffusion speed at night.
In adopting composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, when obtaining higher average reservoir temperature, also cause reservoir and the salt gradient layer on it to produce larger thermograde, so, when adopting composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond, cause salt gradient layer stability to be destroyed for preventing larger thermograde, at this moment, we can increase the way of reservoir thickness, reduce the temperature difference of reservoir and salt gradient layer.In fact, in salt gradient solar pond reservoir, this impact has been weakened greatly, and this is that the reservoir heat is constantly taken out of reservoir because there is heat extraction in the solar pond of practical application, is unlikely to form the thermograde that causes salt gradient layer to destroy.
The salt gradient of composite porous media layer described in the patent of the present invention solar pond refers in the situation of salt gradient solar pond reservoir interpolation more than a kind of porous dielectric material layer, but is not limited to two kinds of different porous media materials.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 the step that a kind of composite porous media layer salt gradient solar pond is set up is described:
1, lay the dark porous medium layer 5 of 5-20cm in bottom level of the present invention, the material of this dark color porous medium layer 5 can be slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite;
2, level is laid transparent porous dielectric layer 4 on dark porous medium layer 5, and the material of this transparent porous dielectric layer 4 can be the larger glassware of transmissivity or other materials;
3, guarantee that above-mentioned composite porous media layer gross thickness is not more than 1/2 of reservoir gross thickness, if reservoir gross thickness 1 m for example, then the gross thickness of the composite porous media layer laid of above-mentioned 1,2 steps is not more than 0.5 m;
4, in the composite porous media layer, pour into strong brine, until reach till the degree of depth of predetermined reservoir 3;
5, adopt diffuser successively to pour into salt gradient layer 2, this layer salt gradient layer 2 successively decreased from top to bottom successively, for example, if the salt gradient layer gross thickness is
hM, the saturated strong brine salinity of reservoir is
s 0, gradient layer is equally divided into
nLayer perfusion, then every layer thickness
H/nM, then
iLayer brine strength is
s 0-[
s 0/ (
n+ 1)] *
i
6, pour at last surperficial fresh water aquifer 1, the thickness of surperficial fresh water aquifer 1 generally between 10-50cm, is taked the perfusion of liquid diffuser, to guarantee to form even salt gradient layer;
When 7, composite porous media layer of the present invention carried out heat extraction, hot salt brine extracts pipeline 7 should place composite porous media layer top, and hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 should place the latter half of composite porous media layer after the heat exchange after heat exchanger 9 heat exchange.
A kind of structure of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond: as shown in Figure 1, this complex salt gradient solar pond is from top to bottom by fresh water aquifer 1, salt gradient layer 2, strong brine layer 3 and transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and dark porous medium layer 5 consist of, and wherein reservoir upwards is comprised of the strong brine 3 on the heat-insulation layer 6 on the soil horizon at the bottom of being positioned at the pond, dark porous medium layer 5, transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and top from the bottom; Wherein, transparent porous dielectric layer 4 and dark porous medium layer 5 consist of the composite porous media layer; The composite porous media layer and on strong brine layer 3 jointly consisted of reservoir; Heat exchanging part, take external heat-exchanging as example, extracted pipeline 7, be positioned at hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 after the heat exchange of composite porous media layer bottom, heat exchanger 9, cold fluid inlet duct 10 by the hot salt brine that is positioned at composite porous media layer top, pipeline 11 forms after the cold fluid heating.Wherein, hot salt brine extracts that pipeline 7 hot water inlets are connected with the composite porous media layer top of salt gradient solar pond reservoir, outlet is connected with the hot fluid import of heat exchanger 9; The hot salt brine entrance of hot salt brine playback pipeline 8 is connected with the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger 9, outlet is connected with the composite porous media layer bottom of salt gradient solar pond reservoir; Cold fluid inlet duct 10 is connected with external heat exchanger cold fluid entrance; Pipeline 11 is connected with the outlet of heat exchanger 9 cold fluids after the cold fluid heating.
Embodiment 1:
Be 100 m such as the area in somewhere, Dalian
2Left and right sides salt gradient solar pond, the traditional salt gradient solar pond that this solar pond adopts the conventional mode of not adding porous media to pour into, total depth is 1.5m approximately.This solar pond reservoir is saturated strong brine in the salt-making process of salt pan, and thickness 0.8m, salt gradient layer thickness are 0.6m, surperficial fresh water aquifer thickness 0.1m.Begin the perfusion operation in spring, through approximately 6 months, measure the reservoir maximum temperature 60 to autumn
oAbout C, assumptions' environment temperature 25
oC, the available energy (heat that reservoir stores
e XQ) be 143kJ/kg, and if this salt gradient solar pond is adopted such as the described method of patent of the present invention, take the mode of the thick clear glass of the thick slag+20cm of 10cm, the reservoir temperature can reach 72
oC, the available energy (heat that this moment, reservoir stored
e XQ) be 178kJ/kg.This explanation, the composite porous media salt gradient solar pond technology that patent of the present invention proposes can Effective Raise salt gradient solar pond reservoir temperature, namely improved the temperature of thermal source, enlarged the hot range of application of salt gradient solar pond.
Claims (7)
1. composite porous media salt gradient solar pond, be included in the heat exchanger (9) of solar pond outer setting, the hot fluid import of heat exchanger (9) is provided with hot salt brine and extracts pipeline (7), the outlet of the hot fluid of heat exchanger (9) is provided with hot salt brine playback pipeline (8) after the heat exchange, the cold fluid entrance of heat exchanger (9) is connected with cold fluid inlet duct (10), the cold fluid outlet of heat exchanger (9) connects the rear pipeline (11) of cold fluid heating, it is characterized in that: the outer bottom of solar pond has heat-insulation layer (6), inner bottom part in solar pond has been horizontally disposed with dark porous medium layer (5), the upper horizontal of dark porous medium layer (5) is provided with transparent porous dielectric layer (4), be provided with strong brine in the interstitial space of this transparent porous dielectric layer (4) and described dark porous medium layer (5) and consisted of the composite porous media layer, the strong brine layer (3) that composite porous media layer and top arrange has consisted of reservoir; Reservoir and the salt gradient layer (2) that sets gradually and fresh water aquifer (1) have consisted of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond.
2. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the strong brine density that the solid material density of dark porous medium layer (5) is full of greater than interstitial space.
3. described a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the strong brine density that the solid material density of transparent porous dielectric layer (4) is full of greater than interstitial space, grain diameter are not less than the material of the dark porous medium layer (4) of lower floor.
4. a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: hot salt brine extracts the top that pipeline (7) should be in the composite porous media layer, and the position of hot salt brine playback pipeline (8) should be in the dark porous medium layer (5) after the heat exchange.
5. described a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 1-4 is characterized in that: composite porous media layer or add at least a porous media material, or two kinds of different porous media materials.
6. described a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the material of described dark porous medium layer (5) can be slag or dark cobblestone or dark vermiculite.
7. described a kind of composite porous media salt gradient solar pond according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the material of described transparent porous dielectric layer (4) can be the larger glassware of transmissivity or other materials.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103256728A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-21 | 山西大学 | Fast heating device of solar pond |
| CN104819587A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 戚荣生 | Heat energy warehouse |
| CN105588345A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-18 | 河南理工大学 | Salt gradient solar pond technology for accumulating heat by using latent heat |
| CN105841365A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 李宏江 | Solar pond hot-air heat exchange device and grain drier |
| CN104464480B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-09-07 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of experimental technique of analog solar heating salt gradient solar pond |
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