CN103074571B - Based on Metal material surface modification method and the equipment of vapor action - Google Patents
Based on Metal material surface modification method and the equipment of vapor action Download PDFInfo
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- CN103074571B CN103074571B CN201210558072.9A CN201210558072A CN103074571B CN 103074571 B CN103074571 B CN 103074571B CN 201210558072 A CN201210558072 A CN 201210558072A CN 103074571 B CN103074571 B CN 103074571B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the Metal material surface modification method based on vapor action and equipment.Surface modifying method of the present invention utilizes metallic substance as aluminium, magnesium, titanium etc. and H
2the chemical property of O reaction, with saturation steam or superheated vapour for interaction medium, at matrix surface fabricated in situ function film.The distinguishing feature of the technology of the present invention is water saving, reduce discharging, environmental protection and efficient, especially using water as main even unique raw materials technology, can have the advantage of pollutent " zero relates to ", " zero release ".Present device is made up of vapour generator, vapour distributor, reaction cabin, liquid collecting tank, holder platform and drive-motor etc., has the advantages such as safe and reliable, simple for structure, easy to use.The technology of the present invention and equipment is utilized to carry out surface modification treatment to metallic substance, can while acquisition high quality treatment effect, thoroughly eliminate the potential hazard of prior art to ecotope and human health, realize cleaner production truly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Materials Processing Engineering technical field, particularly relate to a kind of Metal material surface modification method based on vapor action and equipment.
Background technology
Surface modification is one of important utilisation technology of material, in saving material manufacturing cost, promote material usage performance, expand materials application field etc. in play great function.For metallic substance, the novel material being representative with magnesium, aluminium, titanium etc. from traditional carbon steel to the modern times, its application is invariably closely related with the development of process for modifying surface.
But, existing metal surface properties modification technology, especially based on the process for modifying surface of chemistry, electrochemical reaction between material/electrolytic solution, but there are two large shortcoming: one, based on tradition " immersion " pattern, namely the pending surface of workpiece need be immersed in completely in solution and just can complete reaction process; Its two, depend on the use of various chemical unduly.The greatest drawback of tradition " immersion " pattern is resource especially a large amount of consumption of water resources and the sharp increase of follow-up sewage disposal/quantity discharged.Along with the increase of single workpiece volume or surface-area, especially for large volume big area workpiece, above-mentioned defect is more outstanding.In addition, due to the impact by solution temperature, the temperature window of " immersion " pattern is narrower (general not higher than 100 DEG C under normal pressure).The subject matter that a large amount of interpolations of chemical bring then comprises: 1) material cost increases; 2) technique especially formulation optimization difficulty increasing; 3) process window narrows, and requires to improve to the overall qualities of operator; 4) electrolytic solution prison, Testing index increase, and the process maintenance frequency and difficulty strengthen; 5) composition, the complex structure of modified layer; 6) stability of quality product is had a strong impact on; 7) healthy and environmental safety hidden danger and secondary harm thereof significantly strengthen; 8) liquid waste disposal is complicated, etc.The problems referred to above finally cause production cost especially social cost significantly increase.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that existing process for modifying surface exists, a kind of metal surface properties modification novel method based on vapor action and equipment are provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Based on a Metal material surface modification method for vapor action, it utilizes the reaction between metal and saturation steam or superheated vapour, at metal material matrix surface in situ complex functionality rete.
Further optimization, the pressure of described saturation steam is 0.1-22.1MPa, and corresponding temperature is 100-374 DEG C.With regard to saturation steam, be one-to-one relationship between its pressure and temperature, therefore, control pressure can realize the object controlling its temperature simultaneously.
Further optimization, the pressure of described superheated vapour is 0.1-22.1MPa, and corresponding temperature is the above 0.5-600 DEG C of saturated-steam temperature under this pressure.When pressure keeps certain, the temperature of superheated vapour can need to control according to practical application.
Further optimization, the water source of described saturation steam is tap water, distilled water or deionized water.
Further optimization, the water source of described saturation steam and superheated vapour is for containing 0.5-200ml/LH
2o
2, 2.5-75g/LNaHCO
3, 0.5-100ml/L acetic acid, 0.5-100ml/L hydrofluoric acid, 0.5-100ml/L hydrochloric acid, the group water solution of at least one in 0.5-100ml/L nitric acid.The object of adding above-mentioned chemical reagent is to accelerate the reaction between steam/matrix, deepens the degree of depth that reaction advances to matrix simultaneously, thus obtains the thicker and more diversified rete of microtexture at faster speed.Above-mentioned chemical reagent other can have the replacement of volatile organic or inorganic compound.
A kind of metal surface properties modification equipment based on vapor action of the present invention, it comprises vapour generator, vapour distributor, reaction cabin, liquid collecting tank, holder platform and drive-motor.Wherein vapour generator is connected by line seal with between the vapour distributor opening end being distributed in reaction cabin inside through intake valve; Reaction cabin bilge leakage fluid dram is connected by line seal with between liquid collecting tank entrance; Drive-motor is fixed on top, reaction cabin cabin, and its output shaft is fastenedly connected with the transmission shaft of holder platform down.
Further optimization, described reaction cabin bilge internal surface is dish or conical, or is acutangulate inclined-plane with horizontal plane, and leakage fluid dram is positioned at bilge extreme lower position.
Further optimization, described holder platform comprises transmission shaft and holder bar, and wherein holder bar has more than two, and the angle between two adjacent holder bars is equal, and each holder bar is also equal with the angle between transmission shaft; Holder bar top is provided with groove, or lower end is provided with suspension hook.
Further optimization, described vapour distributor is open tube, and one end is closed, and the other end opening also has binding thread, and tube wall is spaced apart porose.
Further optimization, top, described reaction cabin cabin is provided with vent valve and automatic decompression valve, and inside is provided with temperature sensor and pressure transmitter.
Method of the present invention both can be realized by present device, can be realized by known or commercially available equipment such as autoclave, boiler, common steamer or pressure cooker etc. again by other.
It is pointed out that in the present invention, indication metallic substance comprises: 1) on thermodynamics can with the pure metal of the different purity level of water vapor generation chemical reaction, as fine aluminium, pure magnesium or pure titanium etc.; 2) respectively with 1) in metal be primitive, containing the alloy of different-alloy constituent element and alloying levels, as aluminum base alloy, Magnuminium or titanium base alloy etc.; 3) with 1) in pure metal or 2) in alloy be the matrix material of base; And 4) goods and 5 of above-mentioned metallic substance) containing the goods of this metallic material parts (constituent element).
As similar in chemical conversion, cathodic deposition, electroless plating, plating, anode/differential arc oxidation etc. to other process for modifying surface; for guaranteeing to obtain satisfied effect; utilizing before method and apparatus of the present invention processes; first metallic substance preferably carries out surface dressing; its object is to the burr, grease, corrosion product (comprising autoxidation film) etc. of removing metallic substance remained on surface or generation during processing, accumulating, to obtain the surface quality meeting subsequent disposal and require.Surface dressing can any known or commercially available physics and/or chemical technology carry out, as sand papering, and polishing cloth polishing, organic solvent comprises dehydrated alcohol, acetone etc. directly or degreasing under the outer field actions such as ultrasonic wave, or alkali cleaning degreasing, chemical rightenning, sandblasting, etc.After water vapor acting end of processing, metallic substance can carry out process such as cleaning, dry, comprise tap water and/or distilled water, rinsed with deionized water, hot blast or pressurized air dry up or process furnace is dried, or easy volatile organic solvent is as dried after the rinsing such as ethanol, acetone.According to use needs, metallic substance is modified through steam surface, can further with other known or commercially available technology carry out subsequent disposal, as thermal treatment, alkali heat-treatment, electrophoretic deposition, electrophoretic painting, electrostatic spraying, cathodic deposition, electroless plating or plating etc.
Compared with prior art, the remarkable advantage of the technology of the present invention has three:
One, economizes on water because the space filling capacity of steam is extremely strong, and compare existing " immerseable " treatment process, the water loss of unit surface workpiece significantly reduces.
Its two, environmental protection due to can using water as main even unique raw materials technology, and because effective control of water or group water solution consumption and additive are as H
2o
2, NaHCO
3nontoxic Deng itself, can realize " zero relates to ", " zero release " of pollutent, thoroughly eliminates the potential hazard of existing Surface-micromachining process to ecotope and human health, realizes cleaner production truly.
Its three, efficiently due under high temp/high pressure condition, the speed of response between steam and metallic matrix is faster, therefore utilizes the technology of the present invention can obtain higher processing efficiency.
In addition, present device has the advantages such as safe and reliable, simple for structure, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram based on the metal surface properties modification equipment of vapor action in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the vapour distributor of equipment shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a is the structural representation of the holder platform of equipment shown in Fig. 1.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 b is holder bar when being two holder platform.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 c is holder bar when being three holder platform.
In figure: 1-vapour generator, 2-vapour distributor, 3-reaction cabin, 4-liquid collecting tank, 5-holder platform, 6-drive-motor, 7-intake valve, 8-leakage fluid dram, 9-transmission shaft, 10-holder bar, 11-vent valve, 12-automatic decompression valve, 13-temperature sensor, 14-pressure transmitter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention and enforcement are not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, the metal surface properties modification equipment based on vapor action is made up of vapour generator 1, vapour distributor 2, reaction cabin 3, liquid collecting tank 4, holder platform 5 and drive-motor 6.Vapour generator 1 through intake valve 7 be symmetrically distributed in the inner left and right sides of reaction cabin 3 vapour distributor 2 opening end between, reaction cabin 3 bilge leakage fluid dram 8 is connected with the seal for pipe joints meeting equipment rated operating pressure by bearing capacity between liquid collecting tank 4 entrance.Wherein vapour generator 1 is for the manufacture of steam, is known or commercially available steam maker, as boiler, electric heating steam generator and superheater etc.Certainly, also can using pipeline steam as vapour source.First steam enter vapour distributor 2 by the road, enter reaction cabin 3 afterwards to have an effect with the metallic material product be placed on holder platform 5, thus at material surface fabricated in situ, there is the functional rete of the characteristics such as against corrosion, wear-resisting, electrical isolation, biocompatibility or biological activity.The effect of vapour distributor 2 is to guarantee that steam can be uniformly distributed as far as possible in the cabin of reaction cabin 3.Reaction cabin 3 bilge internal surface is designed to dish, and offers leakage fluid dram 8 in bilge extreme lower position, the liquid that its object is to facilitate vapor condenses in sink devices operational process to produce, and eliminates its disadvantageous effect to film process.The effect of liquid collecting tank 4 is the liquid collecting vapor condensation generation, for detachable tank body or bottom carry the fixed tank body of leakage fluid dram, as bearing capacity meets stainless steel or the titanium matter container of equipment rated operating pressure.Drive-motor 6 is fixed on top, reaction cabin 3 cabin, and its output shaft is fastenedly connected with the transmission shaft 9 of holder platform 5 down, and holder platform 5 can be driven to make horizontal revolving motion.The object of driven design is to guarantee that each expose portion of metallic substance hung on holder platform 5 contacts with steam and has equal opportunities, thus guarantees that material monolithic obtains homogeneous treatment effect.The trip switch of drive-motor 6 is placed in reaction cabin 3 out of my cabin, with handled easily.The top, cabin of reaction cabin 3 is provided with vent valve 11 and automatic decompression valve 12.By regulating the open degree of vent valve 11 and intake valve 7, can realize controlling to enter the steam flow of reaction cabin 3 and the object of pressure and temperature thereof.The effect of automatic decompression valve 12 is to prevent the hypertonia in reaction cabin 3, causes potential safety hazard.Reaction cabin 3 side has sealable hatch door, or top, reaction cabin 3 cabin for detachable can airtight lid, to facilitate the safety of equipment under the handling of workpiece and working order.Inwall along reaction cabin 3 is evenly provided with temperature sensor 13 and pressure transmitter 14, to facilitate the physical parameter of steam in Real-Time Monitoring cabin.
As shown in Figure 2, vapour distributor 2 is open tube, and one end is closed, and the other end opening also has binding thread, and tube wall is spaced apart porose.The object of opening end design binding thread is the compact siro spinning technology facilitating vapour distributor 2 and vapor transmission pipeline.On tube wall, the object of perforate is to guide steam to be uniformly distributed in the cabin of reaction cabin 3.
As shown in Figure 3 a, holder platform 5 comprises transmission shaft 9 and holder bar 10, and wherein holder bar 10 has more than two, and the angle between two adjacent holder bars 10 is equal, and each holder bar 10 is also equal with the angle between transmission shaft 9.Typical case is that holder bar 10 is two (Fig. 3 b) or three (Fig. 3 c) in 90 ° of angles between holder bar 10 and transmission shaft 9.
Below for the surface modification utilizing present device and technology to carry out magnesium, aluminium and titanium, above-mentioned feature of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Respectively with as cast condition high purity magnesium and Mg alloy AZ91 for tested object, linear cutter becomes to be of a size of the sample of 25mm × 25mm × 5mm, after metallographic polishing with dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning, is fixed on holder bar 10, confined reaction cabin 3 after drying with fixture clamping.Take deionized water as feedwater (raw material), start vapour generator 1 and manufacture steam.Starting drive-motor 6 makes sample be at the uniform velocity rotating state, open intake valve 7, the saturation steam produced by vapour generator 1 imports the cabin of reaction cabin 3 through intake valve 7, by regulating the open degree of vent valve 11 and intake valve 7, the temperature controlling saturation steam be respectively 150,200 and 250 DEG C (corresponding pressure be respectively 0.48,1.54 and 3.77MPa).Close intake valve 7 after 1h, after naturally cooling to room temperature state, open reaction cabin 3, take out sample.Found that all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 2
Except the deionized water in vapour generator is changed into except tap water, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 3
Except the deionized water in vapour generator is changed into except distilled water, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 4
Except the deionized water in vapour generator changed into distilled water preparation containing 0.5ml/LH
2o
2the aqueous solution outside, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 5
Remove H
2o
2concentration change into outside 200ml/L, the other the same as in Example 4.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 6
Except the deionized water in vapour generator changed into deionized water preparation containing 2.5g/LNaHCO
3the aqueous solution outside, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more smooth, finer and close rete.
Embodiment 7
Remove NaHCO
3concentration change into outside 75g/L, other is with embodiment 6.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 8
Except the deionized water in vapour generator is changed into distilled water preparation containing except 0.5ml/L second aqueous acid, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more smooth, finer and close rete.
Embodiment 9
Except changing into except 100ml/L by the concentration of acetic acid, other is with embodiment 8.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, more evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 10
Except the deionized water in vapour generator being changed into except the aqueous solution containing 0.5ml/L hydrofluoric acid of distilled water preparation, the other the same as in Example 1.The all specimen surfaces of result all coating one deck complete appearance, even, smooth, finer and close rete.
Embodiment 11
Except the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is changed into except 100ml/L, the other the same as in Example 10.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, more evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 12
Except the deionized water in vapour generator is changed into distilled water preparation containing except 0.5ml/L salt aqueous acid, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more coarse, finer and close rete.
Embodiment 13
Except the concentration of hydrochloric acid is changed into except 100ml/L, the other the same as in Example 12.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, more evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 14
Except the deionized water in vapour generator is changed into distilled water preparation containing except 0.5ml/L nitre aqueous acid, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, evenly, more smooth, finer and close rete.
Embodiment 15
Except the concentration of nitric acid is changed into except 100ml/L, the other the same as in Example 14.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, more evenly, more coarse, comparatively loose rete.
Embodiment 16
Except saturation steam being changed into the superheated vapour (control temperature is respectively 150,250,350 and 450 DEG C) of standard atmosphere pressure, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 17
Except sample being changed into high-purity aluminum and its alloy 5083, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 18
Except sample being changed into high-purity aluminum and its alloy 5083, the other the same as in Example 16.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 19
Except sample being changed into pure titanium and its alloys Ti6Al4V, the other the same as in Example 1.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Embodiment 20
Except sample being changed into pure titanium and its alloys Ti6Al4V, the other the same as in Example 16.The all coating one deck complete appearance of all specimen surfaces of result, very even, the smooth and rete of densification.
Carry out solidity to corrosion test according to patented technology (application number 201210320035.4) to sample each in embodiment 1-embodiment 18, result shows: compared with check sample, and solidity to corrosion on average improves more than 120.43%.
Using 3.5wt%NaCl as tested media, control appearance face ratio (ratio that tested media volume and specimen surface amass) 24ml/cm
2, probe temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C, test period 48h, to sample each in embodiment 19-embodiment 20 with classical corrosion tests---immersion corrosion test method(s) carries out solidity to corrosion test, and result shows: compared with check sample, and solidity to corrosion improves more than 154.75%.
Carry out the test of coatingsurface sticking power according to ASTMD3359-B standard to sample each in embodiment 1-embodiment 20, result is all graded 5B.
Claims (2)
1. based on a Metal material surface modification method for vapor action, it is characterized in that: utilize the reaction between metallic substance and saturation steam or superheated vapour, in metal material surface fabricated in situ functional film layer; The pressure of described saturation steam is 0.1-22.1MPa, and corresponding temperature is 100-374 DEG C; The pressure of described superheated vapour is 0.1-22.1MPa, and corresponding temperature is the above 0.5-600 DEG C of saturated-steam temperature under this pressure; The water source of described saturation steam is tap water, distilled water or deionized water; The water source of described saturation steam and superheated vapour is for containing 0.5-200ml/L
, 2.5-75g/L
, 0.5-100ml/L acetic acid, 0.5-100ml/L hydrofluoric acid, 0.5-100ml/L hydrochloric acid, the group water solution of at least one in 0.5-100ml/L nitric acid.
2. realize the metal surface properties modification equipment based on vapor action of method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising vapour generator (1), vapour distributor (2), reaction cabin (3), liquid collecting tank (4), holder platform (5) and drive-motor (6); Wherein vapour generator (1) is connected by line seal between vapour distributor (2) opening end that intake valve (7) is inner with being distributed in reaction cabin (3), is connected between reaction cabin (3) bilge leakage fluid dram (8) with liquid collecting tank (4) entrance by line seal; Drive-motor (6) is fixed on top, reaction cabin (3) cabin, and its output shaft is fastenedly connected with the transmission shaft (9) of holder platform (5) down; Described reaction cabin (3) bilge internal surface is dish or conical, or is acutangulate inclined-plane with horizontal plane, and leakage fluid dram (8) is positioned at bilge extreme lower position; Described holder platform (5) comprises transmission shaft (9) and holder bar (10), and wherein holder bar (10) has more than two, and the angle between two adjacent holder bars (10) is equal, and each holder bar (10) is also equal with the angle between transmission shaft (9); Holder bar (10) top is provided with groove, or lower end is provided with suspension hook; Described vapour distributor (2) is open tube, and one end is closed, and the other end opening also has binding thread, and tube wall is spaced apart porose; Top, described reaction cabin (3) cabin is provided with vent valve (11) and automatic decompression valve (12), and inside is provided with temperature sensor (13) and pressure transmitter (14).
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| CN103551560B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-07-01 | 鞍钢实业微细铝粉有限公司 | Production method of modified aluminum powder |
| CN103993306A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-20 | 陕西省石油化工研究设计院 | Preparation method for in-situ growth metallic oxide film through flowing oxidation |
| CN104498865B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2017-04-19 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Water-bath thermal-oxidation processing method for surfaces of medical titanium and titanium alloy |
| CN107217227B (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2019-06-07 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of improving nickel-base alloy antioxygenic property |
| CN115233146A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-25 | 上海意内西机械制造有限公司 | Metal part steam treatment device |
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| GB539861A (en) * | 1940-03-21 | 1941-09-26 | Magnal Products Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of magnesium and magnesium alloys for rendering them corrosion resistant |
| CN203034077U (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-07-03 | 华南理工大学 | Steam function based metal material surface modifying equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0192354A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-11 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Aluminum composite material excellent in corrosion resistance and its production |
| CN1045997A (en) * | 1989-04-01 | 1990-10-10 | 北京大学 | The preparation of ferric oxide film by sputtering |
| JPH0686960A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-03-29 | Kanken Techno Kk | Cleaning apparatus |
| JP2004132370A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-30 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Sprocket integrated housing and its manufacturing method |
| CN2608516Y (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-03-31 | 上海大学 | Oxygen nitrogen surface heat treatment device |
| JP2004346427A (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-09 | Nagaoka Netsuren:Kk | Method and apparatus for surface-treating metallic workpiece |
| JP2005002388A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Jeol Ltd | Vacuum deposition apparatus |
| JP4363970B2 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2009-11-11 | 新日軽株式会社 | Surface treatment method of aluminum material |
| JP4553939B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2010-09-29 | カナン精機株式会社 | Surface-modified member, surface treatment method and surface treatment apparatus |
| JP2014005478A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2014-01-16 | Kaneka Corp | Vapor deposition apparatus |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB539861A (en) * | 1940-03-21 | 1941-09-26 | Magnal Products Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of magnesium and magnesium alloys for rendering them corrosion resistant |
| CN203034077U (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-07-03 | 华南理工大学 | Steam function based metal material surface modifying equipment |
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