CN103073149B - Harmless processing method of night soil - Google Patents
Harmless processing method of night soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103073149B CN103073149B CN201210513731.7A CN201210513731A CN103073149B CN 103073149 B CN103073149 B CN 103073149B CN 201210513731 A CN201210513731 A CN 201210513731A CN 103073149 B CN103073149 B CN 103073149B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of night soil, and concretely relates to a harmless processing method of night soil. The harmless processing method of night soil sequentially comprises the following steps: solid-liquid separation of the night soil, centrifuge dewatering, anaerobic digestion, free ammonia removal, COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen degradation, mud-water separation, and disinfection discharge. The harmless processing method of night soil has the advantages of full utilization of organic matters in the night soil, thorough nitridation, and high COD removal efficiency, and solves the problems comprising inadequate recovery utilization of the organic matters in the night soil, halfway nitridation and low COD removal efficiency of present harmless processing methods of night soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dejecta treatment method, relate in particular to a kind of decontamination of human excreta treatment process.
Background technology
Population increase and high concentration constantly increases the output of urban night soil, these ight soil in the past mostly as fertilizer sources directly transport rural area to, and at present under the impact of chemical fertilizer that can bring distinct economic, ight soil is in the day by day atrophy of usage quantity in rural area.Thereby, adopt suitable technology to manage and protection of the environment is had to great meaning with processing not only ight soil, and to guaranteeing that the people's health also has profound significance.
Excrement and urine water mainly contains suspended particulate (SS) height, ammonia nitrogen (NH
3the features such as-N) concentration is high, organism (COD) concentration is high, sense organ degree is poor, biodegradability is good.For the main treatment technology of excrement and urine water, have at present: anaerobically fermenting facture, aerobic treatment method, high temperature high pressure process method, septic tank facture, materialization treatment process, During High-Temperature Composting method etc., but the domestic decontamination of human excreta treatment technology being most widely used in Practical Project is mainly divided into two classes at present:
One class: septic tank is processed: in small and medium-sized cities and rural area due to the processing of sanitary sewage, collecting dung, to process complete canalization more difficult, miniaturization manure pit just becomes the most general and the facility that must configuration of apartment.The function of septic tank is to receive, store family domestic sewage.In pond, be divided into floating layer, silt seam and 3 region of middle clear water layer.Clear water can adopt the mode of sewage irrigation to do final processing.Current due to being widely used of Chemicals, the composition of family domestic sewage is increasingly sophisticated, and in sewage, harmful substance contents increases, and the direct discharge of septic tank " clear water layer " just becomes the source of pollution in sewage irrigation region.To the control of this pollution, be only in septic tank, to use a large amount of chemicalses to decompose precipitation objectionable impurities, yet expanding sewage irrigation region, increasing in soil treatment function is to be difficult to effectively.Septic tank is processed problems such as going back easy appearance is stopped up, spoil disposal difficulty, processing is thorough, mosquitos and flies grows simultaneously.
Two classes: materialization is processed: in China Patent No., be 200710079587x, within open day, be September 19 in 2007 day, be called a kind of method that disclose materialization processing ight soil in the patent document of " dejecta treatment method and system ".The method is for to carry out solid-liquid separation by solid-liquid separating equipment by ight soil, isolated residue carries out landfill disposal, isolated liquid manure adds appropriate chemical agent, make by dehydration equipment, to carry out processed after liquid manure generation throwing out, the dry clay as fertilizer sources of the gained that wherein dewaters, liquid are delivered to sewage work and are carried out terminal process.The dejecta treatment method of above pattern has the following disadvantages: for being received of the organic fecal sewage of high density, require the conditions such as designed capacity, operating mode of sewage work to meet to be received the standard of sewage, and the construction plan that fecal sewage is randomness enters the ，Gei sewage work of sewage network is brought very big inconvenience; Fecal sewage is transported in the way of sewage work and can gives out dense stink and be difficult to stink to be processed, and is unfavorable for environmental health.
In order to solve the above deficiency of the dejecta treatment method of above type, the liquid dung of having designed producing after dewatering is further processed to reach the decontamination of human excreta treatment process of discharging again after discharge mark.In Chinese Patent Application No., be 2012102516133, within open day, be October 24 in 2012 day, be called in the patent document of " a kind of decontamination of human excreta recycling processing method " switch a kind of can be by the liquid waste disposal in ight soil the method to qualified discharge.The method is for gathering the waste liquid of gained after dehydration successively chelation treatment, double oxygen processing and one-level/secondary aerobic treatment to laggard row discharge up to standard.The treatment process of the type has the following disadvantages: directly waste liquid is gathered successively to chelation treatment, double oxygen processing and one-level/secondary aerobic treatment to laggard row discharge up to standard, the organic substance decomposing that this treatment process causes the nutrient done in liquid dung be for being used as the organism of nutrient, can not realize to the organic abundant recycling in ight soil and nitriding treatment not thoroughly, COD removal efficiency is low; The processed of mud and ight soil is carried out together with same whizzer, be not easy to the reasonable utilization of the nutrient in ight soil, because the nutrient of the dry mud of ight soil dehydration gained is high, can be used as fertilizer, be used, and what nutrient the dry mud of sludge dewatering gained does not almost have, be used as fertilizer utilization improper.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention aim to provide a kind of that can make full use of the organism in ight soil, nitriding treatment thoroughly, decontamination of human excreta treatment process that COD removal efficiency is high, solved that the existing organism of existing decontamination of human excreta treatment process is not fully recycled, nitriding treatment not thoroughly, problem that COD removal efficiency is low.
The second object of the present invention is intended to further solve on the basis of the first object the problem that existing decontamination of human excreta treatment process is not easy to the reasonable utilization of ight soil.
Above technical problem solves by following technical proposal: a kind of decontamination of human excreta treatment process, it is characterized in that, and in accordance with the following steps ight soil is processed:
The 1st step, by solid-liquid separating machine, ight soil is carried out to solid-liquid separation;
The 2nd step, will the 1st by whizzer, dewater after the isolated liquid flocculation of step;
The 3rd step, by the effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester of isolated liquid in the 2nd step, after making organic substance decomposing in waste water transform into methane and carbon dioxide, by the method for precipitation, carry out mud-water separation;
The 4th step, isolated liquid in the 3rd step is carried out to denitrogenation processing;
Denitrogenation processing comprises the following steps:
4-1 walks, the pH value of isolated liquid in the 3rd step is adjusted to 9.5～12;
4-2 step, by the de-method of air-blowing, the free ammonia in liquid is volatilized the liquid producing in 4-1 step, then by acid solution, the ammonia volatilizing is absorbed and generate ammonium salt;
4-3 walks, the liquid after the denitrogenation of 4-2 step is carried out to neutralizing treatment, and pH value is adjusted to 7.5～8.5;
The 5th step, by the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation processing degrade COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen;
The 6th step, the liquid after the 5th step is processed is carried out to mud-water separation by the method for precipitation;
The 7th step, will after the isolated liquid disinfection of the 6th step, discharge.
As preferably, in 4-2 step, pass through the method for air stripping and remove free ammonia.Working cost is low, and equipment is simple, is convenient to safeguard.
As preferably, the air water volume ratio in 4-2 step during air stripping is 2500:1～4000:1.The stripping efficiency of ammonia nitrogen is high, can reach more than 75%.
As preferably, the method for degrade in the 5th step COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen is:
5-1 walks, the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation is transported in one-level anoxic pond and is transported in one-level Aerobic Pond again and processes after processing; Anaerobic bacterium in one-level anoxic pond makes the larger molecular organics in liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium to utilize organism in liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen refluxing in carbon source and one-level Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in one-level Aerobic Pond absorbs organism in liquid to decompose under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen, and is converted into CO
2with self organism, Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium is also oxidized to nitric nitrogen by the ammonia nitrogen in water;
5-2 step, the liquid after one-level Aerobic Pond is processed are transported in secondary anoxic pond and are transported in secondary Aerobic Pond again and process after processing; Anaerobic bacterium in secondary anoxic pond makes the larger molecular organics in liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium to utilize organism in liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen refluxing in carbon source and secondary Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in secondary Aerobic Pond absorbs organism in liquid to decompose under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen, and is converted into CO
2with self organism, Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium is also oxidized to nitric nitrogen by the ammonia nitrogen in water; Liquid after secondary Aerobic Pond is processed is transported in the 6th step to be processed.
The present invention also comprises the 8th step, and the mud producing in the 3rd step and the 6th step is carried out to processed, the isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the sludge dewatering in the 8th step and second step.Sludge dewatering treatment can reduce the outward transport cost of mud.The isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the dehydration of mud and second step, lays a good foundation for realizing the reasonable utilization of ight soil.
As preferably, in the anaerobic digester in the liquid return to that sludge dewatering produces three steps.Environment protecting is good.
As preferably, between the 3rd step and the 4th step, increasing equalizing tank regulates liquid, sewage sludge storage pond is set the mud producing in the 3rd step and the 6th step is gathered after depositing shallow lake and carries out processed again, sewage sludge storage pond is provided with overflow port, and overflow port is docking together with equalizing tank.Can prevent sewage outflow and cause environmental pollution.Can carry out matter in the adjusting of amount to the liquid entering in the 4th step, make the controllability of subsequent disposal good.
As preferably, the sludge part being settled out in the 3rd step is back in the anaerobic digester in the 3rd step.Mud is back to the content that is conducive to maintain bacterium in anaerobic pond in anaerobic digester, makes the reliable for effect and controlled of Anaerobic Digestion, and the organism in liquid can fully be degraded.
As preferably, in the 7th step, by chlorinated lime, carry out disinfection.Easy and simple to handle, cost of investment and running cost are low.Chlorinated lime can for the sterilization of the 7th step based on each step before to ight soil carried out efficient thoroughly process due to, not arbitrary treatment process can carry out disinfection by chlorinated lime.
As preferably, in the 1st step, at solid-liquid separating machine front end, the above solids of 20mm in stone-separating device removal ight soil is set, in solid-liquid separating machine middle-end, deslagging device being set is solids removal more than 6mm by particle diameter in ight soil, and the rotating cylinder grid that aperture 1mm is set in solid-liquid separating machine rear end is removed the solids in ight soil.Can make the solid substance in ight soil, large grain impurity and suspended particle clearance higher than 95%, guarantee the stable of follow-up biochemical treatment, solve the problems such as equipment obstruction, spoil disposal difficulty, mud alluvial.
The present invention has following advantage, by stripping method, ammonia nitrogen is carried out to denitrogenation processing, and denitrogenation processing efficiency is high, enter the COD that degrades, BOD and ammonia nitrogen, the CODCr≤450mg/L in the waste water that makes to discharge, SS≤350mg/L, BOD5≤250mg/L, NH3-N≤28mg/L; Disinfection before discharge, makes pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ovum and fly maggot wherein go out extremely, reach harmless in health; By isolating methane and ammonium salt in ight soil processing, abundant to the organic utilization in ight soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
In figure: cesspit emptier 1, solid-liquid separating machine 2, whizzer 3, fertilizer production apparatus 4, anaerobic digester 5, methane utilizing system 6, anaerobism settling tank 7, sewage sludge storage pond 8, equalizing tank 9, Ammonia blowing-out tower 10, acid absorption column 11, ammonium salt storage tanks 12, one-level anoxic pond 13, one-level Aerobic Pond 14, secondary anoxic pond 15, secondary Aerobic Pond 16, second pond 17, sterilization pool 18, whizzer 19.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Referring to Fig. 1, the ight soil in public lavatory and septic tank is transported to ight soil by canned cesspit emptier 1 and disposes center.Adopt the mode of airtight docking that ight soil is unloaded to solid-liquid separating machine 2.The mode of sealing docking unloads can avoid unloading the pollution of foul smell to air in ight soil process.
The agent structure of solid-liquid separating machine 2 is the structure of existing integrated solid liquid separator.But from an original filtering separation, change solid-liquid separating machine into following mode and carry out solid-liquid separation: at solid-liquid separating machine front end, increase stone-separating device, remove the above solids of 20mm in ight soil; In solid-liquid separating machine middle-end, desanding and deslagging device being set, is solids removal more than 6mm by particle diameter in ight soil foreign material; In solid-liquid separating machine rear end, set up the meticulous rotating cylinder grid of aperture 1mm, in order to remove solid small particles thing.After transformation, solid-liquid separating machine integrates filtration, transmission, desanding, removes stone, pressing function, except sand coarse aggregate ratio is higher than 95%, can effectively reduce later stage running maintenance cost of upkeep.
After the isolated residue press dewatering of solid-liquid separating machine, pack transports landfill yard sanitary landfill to.
After solid-liquid separating machine pre-treatment, isolated liquid enters whizzer 3 and carries out processed.Whizzer 3 is horizontal screw centrifuge.By centrifugation, the water in liquid is further obtained separated with the SS in water.Limpid for guaranteeing water outlet, before whizzer, add flocculation agent (PAM), improve the flocculating effect of SS in waste water, improve the dewatering efficiency of whizzer simultaneously.The addition of PAM is 5 milligrams every liter.
The dry mud of the isolated oxygen enrichment of whizzer 3 is delivered to fertilizer production apparatus 4 and is processed.Can certainly transport outward landfill.
The isolated liquid of whizzer 3 is delivered to anaerobic digester 5.Liquid effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester 5, make the organic substance decomposing in excrement and urine water transform into the materials such as methane and carbon dioxide.Collecting methane pipe is set, and the gas discharging containing biogas that digestion is generated enters methane utilizing system 6 and is used.Liquid after Anaerobic Digestion flows in anaerobism settling tank 7 and precipitates.A mud part in anaerobism settling tank 7 is discharged in sewage sludge storage pond 8.
Mud partial reflux in anaerobism settling tank 7 is in anaerobic digester 5.
Supernatant liquid in anaerobism settling tank 7 flows into equalizing tank 9.In equalizing tank 9, pass through stirrer stirring and adjusting water quality and quantity.
The liquid regulating in equalizing tank 9 is transported to Ammonia blowing-out tower 10 and carries out deamination processing by the de-method of air-blowing.In excrement and urine water, contain the very ammonia nitrogen of high density, and after the anaerobic treatment in anaerobic digester, protein, through degraded, also can cause the rising of ammonia nitrogen.The ammonia nitrogen of high density has bio-toxicity, not only can suppress the growth of aerobic bacteria, also can cause sludge bulking because of the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio, make biochemical system be difficult to normal operation, therefore increase removing after treatment step of ammonia nitrogen, not only can recycle ammonia nitrogen, reduce the smell of liquid, also make follow-up processing efficiency higher.
In the present embodiment, be to process by air stripping method.Air water ratio is 2500:1～4000:1.
Concrete treating processes is: in the liquid flowing out in equalizing tank 9, add 32% sodium hydroxide solution to pH value to 9.5～12, through recycle pump, spraying the air blasting with gas blower on the filler in Ammonia blowing-out tower 10 contacts, the free ammonia dissolving in liquid is through liquid-gas interface, to gas phase, shift, thereby reach the object of removal of ammonia and nitrogen.The ammonia nitrogen (being ammonia) of discharging with gaseous state enters acid absorption column 11, (what in the present embodiment, use is sulphuric acid soln to acid solution in acid absorption column 11, certainly with nitric acid hydrochloric acid can) and ammonia gas react generation ammonium salt solution, ammonium salt solution flows in ammonium salt storage tanks 12, and ammonium salt is recycled.Acid solution is again utilized from newly get back to acid absorption column 11.
In liquid after ammonia stripping, adding 98% sulphuric acid soln to neutralize pH value is degrade after 7.5～8.5 COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen.
The detailed process of COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen of degrading is: liquid enters one-level anoxic pond 13.Anaerobic bacterium in one-level anoxic pond is small organic molecule by macromolecular organic matter degradation, and effectively resist hazardous and noxious substances and encroach on, improve the biochemical of waste water, under anoxia condition, denitrifying bacterium utilizes organism in former water to carry out anti-nitration reaction for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen refluxing in carbon source and one-level Aerobic Pond, nitric nitrogen in water is converted into nitrogen, thereby has removed the ammonia nitrogen in water; Then enter one-level Aerobic Pond 14, the aerobic bacteria in one-level Aerobic Pond absorbs most of organism in water to decompose under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen, and is converted into CO
2with self organism, Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium is also oxidized to nitric nitrogen by the ammonia nitrogen in water, by mixed-liquor return, enters one-level anoxic pond.Through coagulation, COD, BOD and NH
3-N is significantly degraded.Then liquid enters secondary and processes, and the process of second-stage treatment is identical with the treating processes of one-level.Second-stage treatment equipment comprises secondary anoxic pond 15 and secondary Aerobic Pond 16.COD, BOD and NH
3-N is degraded again.In this treatment process, anoxic pond adopts stirrer to stir, and Aerobic Pond adopts gas blower aeration.
The liquid of processing in secondary Aerobic Pond 16 flows into second pond 17.17 pairs of liquid of second pond carry out mud-water separation.
Sludge part loop in second pond 17 is to one-level anoxic pond 13.The benefit of sludge reflux is: be conducive to maintain the content of bacterium in anoxic pond, make the reliable for effect and controlled of anoxic digestion process, the COD in liquid, BOD and NH
3-N is fully degraded.
Excess sludge discharge in second pond 17 is in sewage sludge storage pond 8.
In second pond 17, isolated water enters sterilization pool 18.In sterilization pool 18, adopt chlorinated lime to carry out disinfection, the waste water after sterilization gets final product qualified discharge.
8 pairs of mud of mudpan play again the effect of mud-water separation, and the water on upper strata overflows in equalizing tank 9 through overflow port.
Lower floor's mud in mudpan 8 is transported to and in whizzer 19, carries out processed.In this step, also add PAM.
The water that whizzer 19 is deviate from is transported in anaerobic digester 5 to reduce environmental pollution, can not cause interference to municipal wastewater treatment system.
The lean foster dry mud producing is transported outward landfill disposal.
Claims (8)
1.
?a decontamination of human excreta treatment process, is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps ight soil is processed:
The 1st step, by solid-liquid separating machine, ight soil is carried out to solid-liquid separation;
The 2nd step, will the 1st by whizzer, dewater after the isolated liquid flocculation of step;
The 3rd step, by the effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester of isolated liquid in the 2nd step, after making organic substance decomposing in waste water transform into methane and carbon dioxide, by the method for precipitation, carry out mud-water separation;
The 4th step, isolated liquid in the 3rd step is carried out to denitrogenation processing;
Denitrogenation processing comprises the following steps:
4-1 walks, the pH value of isolated liquid in the 3rd step is adjusted to 9.5～12;
4-2 step, by the de-method of air-blowing, the free ammonia in liquid is volatilized the liquid producing in 4-1, then by acid solution, the ammonia volatilizing is absorbed and generate ammonium salt;
4-3 walks, the liquid after the denitrogenation of 4-2 step is carried out to neutralizing treatment, and pH value is adjusted to 7.5～8.5;
The 5th step, by the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation processing degrade COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen;
The method of degraded COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen is:
5-1 walks, the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation is transported in one-level anoxic pond and is transported in one-level Aerobic Pond again and processes after processing; Anaerobic bacterium in one-level anoxic pond makes the larger molecular organics in liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium to utilize organism in liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen refluxing in carbon source and one-level Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in one-level Aerobic Pond absorbs organism in liquid to decompose under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen, and is converted into CO
2with self organism, Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium is also oxidized to nitric nitrogen by the ammonia nitrogen in water;
5-2 step, the liquid after one-level Aerobic Pond is processed are transported in secondary anoxic pond and are transported in secondary Aerobic Pond again and process after processing; Anaerobic bacterium in secondary anoxic pond makes the larger molecular organics in liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium to utilize organism in liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen refluxing in carbon source and secondary Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in secondary Aerobic Pond absorbs organism in liquid to decompose under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen, and is converted into CO
2with self organism, Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium is also oxidized to nitric nitrogen by the ammonia nitrogen in water; Liquid after secondary Aerobic Pond is processed is transported in the 6th step to be processed;
The 6th step, the liquid after the 5th step is processed is carried out to mud-water separation by the method for precipitation, the sludge part that the 6th step is settled out is got back in described one-level anoxic pond;
The 7th step, will after the isolated liquid disinfection of the 6th step, discharge;
The 8th step, carries out processed by the mud producing in the 3rd step and the 6th step, the isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the sludge dewatering in the 8th step and second step.
2. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method by air stripping in 4-2 step is removed free ammonia.
3. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the air water volume ratio in 4-2 step during air stripping is 2500:1～4000:1.
4. according to the decontamination of human excreta treatment process described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in the anaerobic digester in the liquid return to that sludge dewatering produces three steps.
5. according to the decontamination of human excreta treatment process described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, between the 3rd step and the 4th step, increasing equalizing tank regulates liquid, sewage sludge storage pond is set to be gathered after depositing shallow lake and carries out processed again the mud producing in the 3rd step and the 6th step, sewage sludge storage pond is provided with overflow port, and overflow port is docking together with equalizing tank.
6. according to the decontamination of human excreta treatment process described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the sludge part being settled out in the 3rd step is back in the anaerobic digester in the 3rd step.
7. according to the decontamination of human excreta treatment process described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in the 7th step, by chlorinated lime, carry out disinfection.
8. according to the decontamination of human excreta treatment process described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in the 1st step, at solid-liquid separating machine front end, the above solids of 20mm in stone-separating device removal ight soil is set, in solid-liquid separating machine middle-end, deslagging device being set is solids removal more than 6mm by particle diameter in ight soil, and the rotating cylinder grid that aperture 1mm is set in solid-liquid separating machine rear end is removed the solids in ight soil.
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