CN103073149A - Harmless processing method of night soil - Google Patents
Harmless processing method of night soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103073149A CN103073149A CN2012105137317A CN201210513731A CN103073149A CN 103073149 A CN103073149 A CN 103073149A CN 2012105137317 A CN2012105137317 A CN 2012105137317A CN 201210513731 A CN201210513731 A CN 201210513731A CN 103073149 A CN103073149 A CN 103073149A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of night soil, and concretely relates to a harmless processing method of night soil. The harmless processing method of night soil sequentially comprises the following steps: solid-liquid separation of the night soil, centrifuge dewatering, anaerobic digestion, free ammonia removal, COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen degradation, mud-water separation, and disinfection discharge. The harmless processing method of night soil has the advantages of full utilization of organic matters in the night soil, thorough nitridation, and high COD removal efficiency, and solves the problems comprising inadequate recovery utilization of the organic matters in the night soil, halfway nitridation and low COD removal efficiency of present harmless processing methods of night soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dejecta treatment method, relate in particular to a kind of decontamination of human excreta treatment process.
Background technology
Population increase and high concentration so that the output of urban night soil constantly increase, these ight soil in the past mostly as fertilizer sources directly transport the rural area to, and at present under the impact of the chemical fertilizer that can bring distinct economic, ight soil is in the day by day atrophy of usage quantity in rural area.Thereby adopting suitable technology that ight soil is managed with processing not only has great meaning to protection of the environment, and the health that guarantees the people is also had profound significance.
Excrement and urine water mainly contains suspended particulate (SS) height, ammonia nitrogen (NH
3-the characteristics such as N) concentration is high, organism (COD) concentration is high, the sense organ degree is poor, biodegradability is good.Have for the main treatment technology of excrement and urine water at present: anaerobically fermenting facture, aerobic treatment method, high temperature high pressure process method, septic tank facture, materialization treatment process, During High-Temperature Composting method etc., but the domestic decontamination of human excreta treatment technology that is most widely used in Practical Project mainly is divided into two classes at present:
One class: septic tank is processed: in small and medium-sized cities and the rural area because the processing of sanitary sewage, collecting dung, process relatively difficulty of complete canalization, the miniaturization manure pit just becomes the most general and the facility that must configuration of apartment.The function of septic tank is to receive, store family domestic sewage.Be divided into floating layer, silt seam and 3 zone of middle clear water layer in the pond.Clear water can adopt the mode of sewage irrigation to do final processing.Being widely used of current because Chemicals, the composition of family domestic sewage is increasingly sophisticated, and harmful substance contents increases in the sewage, and the direct discharging of septic tank " clear water layer " just becomes the source of pollution in sewage irrigation zone.Control to this pollution only is to use a large amount of chemicalses to decompose the precipitation objectionable impurities in septic tank, yet is enlarging the sewage irrigation zone, and increasing on the soil treatment function is to be difficult to effectively.Septic tank is processed problems such as going back easy appearance is stopped up, spoil disposal difficulty, processing is thorough, mosquitos and flies grows simultaneously.
Two classes: materialization is processed: be 200710079587x in China Patent No., open day be September 19 in 2007 day, be called the method that disclose a kind of materialization processing ight soil in the patent document of " dejecta treatment method and system ".The method is for to carry out solid-liquid separation by solid-liquid separating equipment with ight soil, isolated residue carries out landfill disposal, isolated liquid manure adds an amount of chemical agent, carry out processed by dehydration equipment after making liquid manure generation throwing out, the dried clay as fertilizer sources of the gained that wherein dewaters, liquid are delivered to sewage work and are carried out terminal process.The dejecta treatment method of above pattern has the following disadvantages: for being received of the organic fecal sewage of high density, require the conditions such as designed capacity, operating mode of sewage work to meet to be received the standard of sewage, and fecal sewage to be randomness enter sewage network brings very big inconvenience for the construction plan of sewage work; Fecal sewage is transported to and can gives out dense stink in the way of sewage work and be difficult to stink is processed, and is unfavorable for environmental health.
For the above deficiency of the dejecta treatment method that solves above type, designed the liquid dung that produces after dewatering has been further processed to reach behind the discharging mark the again decontamination of human excreta treatment process of discharging.Number be 2012102516133 in Chinese patent application, open day be October 24 in 2012 day, be called in the patent document of " a kind of decontamination of human excreta recycling processing method " switch a kind of can be with the method for the liquid waste disposal in the ight soil to discharging up to standard.The method is for the waste liquid of gained after will dewatering gathers chelation treatment successively, the oxygen of holding concurrently is processed and one-level/secondary aerobic treatment arrives laggard row discharging up to standard.The treatment process of the type has the following disadvantages: directly waste liquid is gathered successively chelation treatment, double oxygen processing and one-level/secondary aerobic treatment to laggard row discharging up to standard, the organic substance decomposing that this treatment process causes the nutrient done in the liquid dung be for being used as the organism of nutrient, can not realize to the organic abundant recycling in the ight soil and nitriding treatment not thoroughly, that COD removes efficient is low; The processed of mud and ight soil is carried out together by same whizzer, be not easy to the reasonable utilization of the nutrient in the ight soil, be used because the nutrient of the dried mud of ight soil dehydration gained is high, can be used as fertilizer, and the dried mud of sludge dewatering gained does not almost have any nutrient, is used as fertilizer utilization improper.
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of the present invention aim to provide a kind of that can take full advantage of the organism in the ight soil, nitriding treatment thoroughly, COD removes the high decontamination of human excreta treatment process of efficient, solved that the existing organism of existing decontamination of human excreta treatment process is not fully recycled, nitriding treatment not thoroughly, COD removes inefficient problem.
The second purpose of the present invention is intended to further solve the problem that existing decontamination of human excreta treatment process is not easy to the reasonable utilization of ight soil on the basis of the first purpose.
Above technical problem solves by following technical proposal: a kind of decontamination of human excreta treatment process, it is characterized in that, and in accordance with the following steps ight soil is processed:
The 1st the step, by solid-liquid separating machine ight soil is carried out solid-liquid separation;
The 2nd goes on foot, will dewater by whizzer after the isolated liquid flocculation of the 1st step;
The 3rd step, carry out mud-water separation with isolated liquid effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester in the 2nd step, after making organic substance decomposing in the waste water transform into methane and carbon dioxide by the method for precipitation;
The 4th the step, with the 3rd the step in isolated liquid carry out denitrogenation processing;
Denitrogenation processing may further comprise the steps:
The pH value of isolated liquid was adjusted to 9.5～12 during 4-1 went on foot, goes on foot the 3rd;
The method that 4-2 step, the liquid that 4-1 was produced in the step take off by air-blowing makes the free ammonia volatilization in the liquid, then with acid solution the ammonia that volatilizes is absorbed and generates ammonium salt;
4-3 goes on foot, the liquid after 4-2 step denitrogenation is carried out neutralizing treatment, and pH value is adjusted to 7.5～8.5;
The 5th step, with degrade through the 4th liquid of step after the denitrogenation processing COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen;
The 6th step, the liquid after the 5th step processed will be carried out mud-water separation by the method for precipitation;
The 7th goes on foot, will discharge after the 6th isolated liquid disinfection of step.
As preferably, pass through the method for air stripping during 4-2 goes on foot and remove free ammonia.Working cost is low, and equipment is simple, is convenient to safeguard.
As preferably, the air water volume ratio during 4-2 step Air stripping is 2500:1～4000:1.The stripping efficient of ammonia nitrogen is high, can reach more than 75%.
As preferably, the method for degrade in the 5th step COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen is:
5-1 goes on foot, the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation is transported to be transported in the one-level Aerobic Pond after the processing in the one-level anaerobic pond again processes; Anaerobic bacterium in the one-level anaerobic pond makes the larger molecular organics in the liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium and utilizes organism in the liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen that refluxes in carbon source and the one-level Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in the one-level Aerobic Pond under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen with liquid in organism absorb to decompose, and be converted into CO
2With self organism, the Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium also is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the water;
Be transported to again in the secondary Aerobic Pond after 5-2 step, the liquid after the one-level Aerobic Pond is processed are transported to and process in the secondary anaerobic pond and process; Anaerobic bacterium in the secondary anaerobic pond makes the larger molecular organics in the liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium and utilizes organism in the liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen that refluxes in carbon source and the secondary Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in the secondary Aerobic Pond under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen with liquid in organism absorb to decompose, and be converted into CO
2With self organism, the Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium also is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the water; Liquid after the secondary Aerobic Pond is processed is transported in the 6th step and processes.
The present invention also comprised for the 8th step, and the mud that produces in the 3rd step and the 6th step is carried out processed, the isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the sludge dewatering in the 8th step and the second step.Sludge dewatering treatment can reduce the outward transport cost of mud.The isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the dehydration of mud and the second step is for the reasonable utilization that realizes ight soil is laid a good foundation.
As preferably, in the anaerobic digester of the liquid return to that sludge dewatering produces in three steps.Environment protecting is good.
As preferably, increasing equalizing tank between the 3rd step and the 4th step regulates liquid, mud is set deposits the pond and the mud of generation in the 3rd step and the 6th step is gathered carry out processed after depositing the shallow lake again, mud is deposited the pond and is provided with the liquid head piece, and the liquid head piece is docking together with equalizing tank.Can prevent sewage outflow and cause environmental pollution.Can carry out matter in the adjusting of amount, so that the controllability of subsequent disposal is good to the liquid that enters in the 4th step.
As preferably, the sludge part that is settled out in the 3rd step is back in the anaerobic digester in the 3rd step.Mud is back to the content that is conducive to keep bacterium in the anaerobic pond in the anaerobic digester, so that Anaerobic Digestion is reliable for effect and controlled, the organism in the liquid can fully be degraded.
As preferably, carry out disinfection by chlorinated lime in the 7th step.Easy and simple to handle, cost of investment and running cost are low.Chlorinated lime can be able to sterilization for the 7th step be based on before each step to ight soil carried out efficient thoroughly process due to, not arbitrary treatment process can both carry out disinfection by chlorinated lime.
As preferably, at the solid-liquid separating machine front end stone-separating device is set in the 1st step and removes the above solids of 20mm in the ight soil, the solid-liquid separating machine middle-end arrange deslagging device with ight soil in particle diameter be that solids more than the 6mm is removed, the rotating cylinder grid that aperture 1mm is set in the solid-liquid separating machine rear end is removed the solids in the ight soil.Can make the solid substance in the ight soil, large grain impurity and suspended particle clearance be higher than 95%, guarantee the stable of follow-up biochemical treatment, solve the problems such as equipment obstruction, spoil disposal difficulty, mud alluvial.
The present invention has following advantage, by the stripping method ammonia nitrogen is carried out denitrogenation processing, and denitrogenation processing efficient is high, enter the COD that degrades, BOD and ammonia nitrogen, so that the CODCr≤450mg/L in the waste water of discharging, SS≤350mg/L, BOD5≤250mg/L, NH3-N≤28mg/L; Disinfection before the discharging makes wherein pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ovum and fly maggot go out extremely, reach harmless on health; With isolating methane and ammonium salt in the ight soil processing, abundant to the organic utilization in the ight soil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Among the figure: cesspit emptier 1, solid-liquid separating machine 2, whizzer 3, fertilizer production apparatus 4, anaerobic digester 5, methane utilizing system 6, anaerobism settling tank 7, sewage sludge storage pond 8, equalizing tank 9, Ammonia blowing-out tower 10, acid absorption column 11, ammonium salt storage tanks 12, one-level anoxic pond 13, one-level Aerobic Pond 14, secondary anoxic pond 15, secondary Aerobic Pond 16, second pond 17, sterilization pool 18, whizzer 19.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, the ight soil in public lavatory and the septic tank is transported to ight soil by canned cesspit emptier 1 disposes the center.Adopt the mode of airtight docking that ight soil is unloaded to solid-liquid separating machine 2.The mode of sealing docking unloads can avoid unloading in the ight soil process foul smell to the pollution of air.
The agent structure of solid-liquid separating machine 2 is the structure of existing integrated solid liquid separator.But change solid-liquid separating machine into following mode from an original filtering separation and carry out solid-liquid separation: increase stone-separating device at the solid-liquid separating machine front end, remove the above solids of 20mm in the ight soil; In the solid-liquid separating machine middle-end desanding and deslagging device being set, is that solids more than the 6mm is removed with particle diameter in the ight soil foreign material; Set up the meticulous rotating cylinder grid of 1mm in the solid-liquid separating machine rear end, in order to remove the solid small particles thing.Solid-liquid separating machine integrates filtration, transmission, desanding, removes stone, pressing function after transforming, and except sand coarse aggregate ratio is higher than 95%, can effectively reduce later stage running maintenance cost of upkeep.
Pack transports the landfill yard sanitary landfill to behind the isolated residue press dewatering of solid-liquid separating machine.
Isolated liquid enters whizzer 3 and carries out processed after the solid-liquid separating machine pre-treatment.Whizzer 3 is horizontal screw centrifuge.By centrifugation the water in the liquid is further separated with SS in the water.Limpid for guaranteeing water outlet, before whizzer, add flocculation agent (PAM), improve the flocculating effect of SS in the waste water, improve simultaneously the dewatering efficiency of whizzer.The addition of PAM is 5 milligrams every liter.
The dried mud of whizzer 3 isolated oxygen enrichments is delivered to fertilizer production apparatus 4 and is processed.Can certainly transport outward landfill.
Whizzer 3 isolated liquid are delivered to anaerobic digester 5.Liquid effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester 5, make the organic substance decomposing in the excrement and urine water transform into the materials such as methane and carbon dioxide.The collecting methane pipe is set, the gas discharging that contains biogas that digests generation is advanced methane utilizing system 6 be used.Liquid after the Anaerobic Digestion flows in the anaerobism settling tank 7 and precipitates.Mud part in the anaerobism settling tank 7 is discharged in the sewage sludge storage pond 8.
Mud partial reflux in the anaerobism settling tank 7 is in anaerobic digester 5.
Supernatant liquid in the anaerobism Chen Dian pond 7 flows into equalizing tank 9.Pass through stirrer stirring and adjusting water quality and quantity in the equalizing tank 9.
The liquid of regulating in the equalizing tank 9 is transported to method that Ammonia blowing-out tower 10 takes off by air-blowing to carry out deamination and processes.Contain the very ammonia nitrogen of high density in the excrement and urine water, and through after the anaerobic treatment in anaerobic digester, protein also can cause the rising of ammonia nitrogen through degraded.The ammonia nitrogen of high density has bio-toxicity, not only can suppress the growth of aerobic bacteria, also can cause sludge bulking because of the imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio, make biochemical system be difficult to normal operation, therefore increase ammonia nitrogen remove treatment step after, not only can recycle ammonia nitrogen, reduce the smell of liquid, also so that follow-up processing efficiency is higher.
To process by air stripping method in the present embodiment.The air water ratio is 2500:1～4000:1.
Concrete treating processes is: add 32% sodium hydroxide solution in the liquid that flows out to pH value to 9.5～12 in equalizing tank 9, contact through the air that recycle pump sprays on the filler in the Ammonia blowing-out tower 10 with gas blower blasts, the free ammonia that dissolves in the liquid passes liquid-gas interface, shift to gas phase, thereby reach the purpose of removal of ammonia and nitrogen.The ammonia nitrogen (being ammonia) of discharging with gaseous state enters acid absorption column 11, (what use in the present embodiment is sulphuric acid soln to acid solution in the acid absorption column 11, certainly with nitric acid hydrochloric acid can) and ammonia gas react generation ammonium salt solution, ammonium salt solution flows in the ammonium salt storage tanks 12, and ammonium salt is recycled.Acid solution is utilized from newly get back to acid absorption column 11 again.
Be degrade after 7.5～8.5 COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen through adding 98% the sulphuric acid soln pH value that neutralizes in the liquid behind the ammonia stripping.
The detailed process of COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen of degrading is: liquid enters one-level anoxic pond 13.Anaerobic bacterium in the one-level anoxic pond is small organic molecule with macromolecular organic matter degradation, and effectively resist hazardous and noxious substances and encroach on, improve the biochemical of waste water, under anoxia condition, denitrifying bacterium utilizes the organism in the former water to carry out anti-nitration reaction for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen that refluxes in carbon source and the one-level Aerobic Pond, nitric nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen, thereby has removed the ammonia nitrogen in the water; Then enter one-level Aerobic Pond 14, the aerobic bacteria in the one-level Aerobic Pond under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen in water most of organism absorb and decompose, and be converted into CO
2With self organism, the Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium also is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the water, by mixed-liquor return, enters the one-level anoxic pond.Through coagulation, COD, BOD and NH
3-N is significantly degraded.Then liquid enters secondary and processes, and the process of second-stage treatment is identical with the treating processes of one-level.Second-stage treatment equipment comprises secondary anoxic pond 15 and secondary Aerobic Pond 16.COD, BOD and NH
3-N is degraded again.Anoxic pond adopts stirrer to stir in this treatment process, and Aerobic Pond adopts the gas blower aeration.
The liquid of processing in the secondary Aerobic Pond 16 flows into second pond 17.17 pairs of liquid of second pond carry out mud-water separation.
Sludge part loop in the second pond 17 is to one-level anoxic pond 13.The benefit of sludge reflux is: be conducive to keep the content of bacterium in the anoxic pond, so that the anoxic digestion process is reliable for effect and controlled, and the COD in the liquid, BOD and NH
3-N is fully degraded.
Excess sludge discharge in the second pond 17 is in sewage sludge storage pond 8.
Isolated water enters sterilization pool 18 in the second pond 17.Adopt chlorinated lime to carry out disinfection in the sterilization pool 18, the waste water after the sterilization gets final product qualified discharge.
8 pairs of mud of mudpan play again the effect of mud-water separation, and the water on upper strata flows in the equalizing tank 7 through liquid head piece liquid.
Lower floor's mud in the mudpan 8 is transported to and carries out processed in the whizzer 19.Also add PAM in this step.
The water that whizzer 19 is deviate from is transported in the anaerobic digester 5 to reduce environmental pollution, can not cause interference to the municipal wastewater treatment system.
The lean foster dried mud that produces is transported outward landfill disposal.
Claims (10)
1. a decontamination of human excreta treatment process is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps ight soil is processed:
The 1st the step, by solid-liquid separating machine ight soil is carried out solid-liquid separation;
The 2nd goes on foot, will dewater by whizzer after the isolated liquid flocculation of the 1st step;
The 3rd step, carry out mud-water separation with isolated liquid effect by anaerobion in anaerobic digester in the 2nd step, after making organic substance decomposing in the waste water transform into methane and carbon dioxide by the method for precipitation;
The 4th the step, with the 3rd the step in isolated liquid carry out denitrogenation processing;
Denitrogenation processing may further comprise the steps:
The pH value of isolated liquid was adjusted to 9.5～12 during 4-1 went on foot, goes on foot the 3rd;
4-2 step, the method that the liquid that produces among the 4-1 is taken off by air-blowing make the free ammonia volatilization in the liquid, then with acid solution the ammonia that volatilizes are absorbed and generate ammonium salt;
4-3 goes on foot, the liquid after 4-2 step denitrogenation is carried out neutralizing treatment, and pH value is adjusted to 7.5～8.5;
The 5th step, with degrade through the 4th liquid of step after the denitrogenation processing COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen;
The 6th step, the liquid after the 5th step processed will be carried out mud-water separation by the method for precipitation;
The 7th goes on foot, will discharge after the 6th isolated liquid disinfection of step.
2. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 4-2 passes through the method for air stripping and removes free ammonia in the step.
3. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the air water volume ratio during 4-2 step Air stripping is 2500:1～4000:1.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described decontamination of human excreta treatment processs, it is characterized in that, the method for degrade in the 5th step COD, BOD and ammonia nitrogen is:
5-1 goes on foot, the liquid after the 4th step denitrogenation is transported to be transported in the one-level Aerobic Pond after the processing in the one-level anaerobic pond again processes; Anaerobic bacterium in the one-level anaerobic pond makes the larger molecular organics in the liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium and utilizes organism in the liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen that refluxes in carbon source and the one-level Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in the one-level Aerobic Pond under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen with liquid in organism absorb to decompose, and be converted into CO
2With self organism, the Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium also is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the water;
Be transported to again in the secondary Aerobic Pond after 5-2 step, the liquid after the one-level Aerobic Pond is processed are transported to and process in the secondary anaerobic pond and process; Anaerobic bacterium in the secondary anaerobic pond makes the larger molecular organics in the liquid be degraded to small organic molecule, denitrifying bacterium and utilizes organism in the liquid for the mixed solution that contains nitric nitrogen that refluxes in carbon source and the secondary Aerobic Pond carries out anti-nitration reaction, the nitric nitrogen in the water is converted into nitrogen; Aerobic bacteria in the secondary Aerobic Pond under Effect of Dissolved Oxygen with liquid in organism absorb to decompose, and be converted into CO
2With self organism, the Simultaneous Nitrification bacterium also is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the water; Liquid after the secondary Aerobic Pond is processed is transported in the 6th step and processes.
5. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described decontamination of human excreta treatment processs, it is characterized in that, also comprised for the 8th step, the mud that produces in the 3rd step and the 6th step is carried out processed, the isolated liquid dehydration of the 1st step is separately carried out in the sludge dewatering in the 8th step and the second step.
6. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the anaerobic digester of the liquid return to that sludge dewatering produces in three steps.
7. decontamination of human excreta treatment process according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, increasing equalizing tank between the 3rd step and the 4th step regulates liquid, mud is set to be deposited the pond and the mud of generation in the 3rd step and the 6th step is gathered carries out processed after depositing the shallow lake again, mud is deposited the pond and is provided with the liquid head piece, and the liquid head piece is docking together with equalizing tank.
8. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described decontamination of human excreta treatment processs, it is characterized in that, the sludge part that is settled out in the 3rd step is back in the anaerobic digester in the 3rd step.
9. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described decontamination of human excreta treatment processs, it is characterized in that, carry out disinfection by chlorinated lime in the 7th step.
10. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described decontamination of human excreta treatment processs, it is characterized in that, at the solid-liquid separating machine front end stone-separating device is set in the 1st step and removes the above solids of 20mm in the ight soil, the solid-liquid separating machine middle-end arrange deslagging device with ight soil in particle diameter be that solids more than the 6mm is removed, the rotating cylinder grid that aperture 1mm is set in the solid-liquid separating machine rear end is removed the solids in the ight soil.
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