CN1030684C - Device and method for continuous manufacture of quick cooking food products - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-temperature processing method for extruding an instant product, which enables food product mixtures which are manufactured in a preprocessor and partially pre-boiled to pass through a hot boiling zone along a length direction of a screw extruder, to pass through an air exhaust zone and a forming zone, and finally to pass through an extruding mould so as to obtain the extruded product. Under the condition that a noodle product is produced, the capacity of over hot boiling resistance of a product can be increased so that the quality for extruding noodles can be improved, and the perfection of an original product can be kept; thereby, the mixtures in the hot boiling process bear less shearing, and the desired time of rehydration of an extruding product can be reduced.

Description

Produce the method for mix continuously

The present invention relates to produce continuously the apparatus and method of food, this food can be at an easy rate by it being immersed in boiling water or the hot water through obtaining rehydration in 1.5 to 5 minutes.This method comprises utilizes the preprocessor food mix of partly precooking, and also comprises and utilizes extruder, and food mix is at first advanced by a low temperature boiling district in extruder, then by an exhaust area and the district that is shaped.Obtain needed finished product by extrusion die at last.When producing noodles, need utilize apparatus of the present invention in exhaust area, a large amount of moisture to be removed in the mixture of flour and water, thereby can directly be injected into a large amount of steam and be in the mixture that heat is boiled the district, noodle product can not be subjected to and will make the excessive shearforce effect of the integrality variation of finished product this moment, perhaps the temperature of mixture very is elevated to unfriendly that a meeting makes local mixture coking and forms the value of blackening in the product of extruding.

Another kind when producing rice made products, by directly steam being injected in the mixture of ground rice or the grain of rice and water, is removed a certain amount of moisture from mixture then in exhaust area, make the mixture in the extruder be subjected to minimum mechanical shear.In case extruded product through super-dry, just has these characteristics, has good integrality as goods after rehydration, and allows excessive boiling, do not form and be clamminess or adhere outer surface.

Common noodle product adopts equably water and flour, mixes as red dog, makes the mixture pressurization of flour and water be pressed through mould afterwards, makes mixture be configured as the goods of required form.Yet general noodle product needs approximately boil in boiling water 10-15 minute, so that aquation and make the starch agglutination makes the goods that are squeezed change into a kind of state that can be edible.

In recent years, notice is constantly watched attentively and is being cooked quickly on the noodle product.This goods generally in boiling water aquation 3-5 minute.These goods also can mix with other food and are placed in micro-wave oven or the heating furnace commonly used heat and boil, the goods and drain unnecessary water afterwards of need not precooking on stove.

United States Patent (USP) 3,615,667,4,230,735,4,243,690,4,423,082,4,044,165 and 4,540,592 are improving storage, and heat is boiled and pushed, cooks quickly the aspects such as appearance characteristics of noodle product and did many effort, and also attempt reduces the viscosity of goods, prevention is being subjected on the boiling product to form the surface of being clamminess, and increases the integrality of goods and only need with minimum production time and change expense, and thisization expense comprises the energy consumption that extrusion process is total.

Observed and pushed a problem that occurs in the processing procedure of cooking noodle product quickly in some way and be: in the end formed black or dark-coloured spot in the goods of Sheng Chaning, a kind of like this goods make the consumer descend to its receptance, and may have influence on the taste of goods after aquation.To this, find that common blackening appears at the part on the tooth of revolving that flour and aqueous mixtures adhere to extruder screw temporarily, and partially mixed thing through commonly used be subjected to that suitable high-temperature is handled when cooking the noodles extrusion process quickly and coking is so.Therefore, this part that is subjected to coking breaks away from screw rod, discharges with the mixture part that does not have coking by the mould mouth, blackening occurs thereby make in end article, and the goods of this band blackening are easy to by simply intuitively observing.

In addition, the method of cooking noodles quickly is processed in many known being used to, when mixture is advanced by extruder, on the mixture of flour and water, applied excessive shearforce, regrettably the excessive shear of flour and aqueous mixtures will make end article have the surface of being clamminess.Also reduced simultaneously the integrality of goods, this integrality can be weighed by goods are returned to its original-shape after aquation ability size.Moreover excessive shear causes increasing the energy consumption of extruder and produces some mechanical problems, as increasing the wearing and tearing of extruder part.

So, be desirable to provide and a kind ofly produce the method and apparatus of cooking noodles quickly under the situation of temperature reducing, avoiding in end article, forming coking and blackening, and to make the flour aqueous mixtures in extrusion process, be subjected to the mechanical shearforce of minimum.A kind of method like this will help overcoming by the caused variety of issue of known method, as the formation of bubble in the goods that are squeezed with reduce the tolerance level that goods are over-cooked.Wish that this method the time can utilize a certain amount of moisture in extruding, and guarantee that reliably extruded goods fully obtained heat and boil before pushing dry section to.At dry section, make goods through the quite short time, adopt the air of air at room temperature or a little higher than this temperature to carry out drying.

Rice is a kind of well-known important cereal, and it is the main food of about 1/2 population in the golden world.Yet not complete the boiling of pipe racks chaff of whole rice pellets still goes chaff to boil, and they must so that make the starch glueization, and be transformed into edible state to particle in boiling water about digestion 30-40 minute.The rice of precooking, the quick-cooking rice as the band husk is precooked boiled edible state in about 15 minutes.In addition, the rice of the particle of precooking in bag or container is undesirable, generally will separate particle, and it is sold at a discount as rice particulate or ground rice.

In recent years, the group of more advanced technology is placed on increasing notice and cooks quickly on the rice food, and this goods only need in 5-10 divides clock time aquation in hot water or boiling water usually.Its advantage is that such goods also can mix with other food, and heat is boiled in micro-wave oven or heating furnace commonly used, the rice and remove excessive water afterwards of need not precooking on stove.In addition, the whole rice of known handle is worn into for the ground rice of producing quick-cooking rice and is had higher particle utilize percentage it becomes the resultant useful particulate percentages of edible rice than taking off chaff through rice.

Usually, the method that rice is cooked in known production quickly comprises: the mixture of mixed with rice and water in extruder, and in the temperature that when the extruder length direction is advanced, improves mixture, so that the step of rice starch gel.Regrettably, known to method the rice and the mixture of water in the extruder have been applied excessive shearforce, this just makes the aquation goods have a kind of surface of being clamminess, and when edible with the agglomerating caking of certain not satisfied mode.A kind of excessive mechanical shear reduces the tolerance limit that the goods that are squeezed allow excessive heat to boil too.This over-cooking makes the rice of aquation that a kind of disagreeable outer surface that is clamminess is arranged in some cases, perhaps become soft mush and separate.

In extruder, the rice and the excessive shear of aqueous mixtures under certain conditions, can reduce the integrality of goods, and this integrality is to be weighed by rice made products is returned to its original configuration after aquation ability size.A kind of sizable shear also can cause the performance that is clamminess or bonds, this performance will make the Products Quality variation, and same very large shear may cause increasing the energy consumption of extruder and many because the bigger caused mechanical problem of wearing and tearing when temperature raises on the extruder member.

So, also being desirable to provide the apparatus and method that rice is cooked in a kind of production quickly, its working method is: reduce to be added to the mechanical shear on rice and the aqueous mixtures, purpose is to improve the be squeezed performance of goods and the energy consumption and the maintenance cost of reduction extruder.This method wishes to utilize in the process that heat is boiled quite a large amount of moisture so that reduce shear, guarantee that simultaneously extruded product can obtain heat fully and boil before advancing to dry section, at dry section, goods are through the very short time, and usefulness has the air of environment temperature or the air of a little higher than this temperature carries out drying.

The present invention utilizes the production of low temperature pressing method to cook noodle product quickly, overcome various shortcoming above-mentioned, this method comprises: make the flour of making noodles and the mixture of water pass through a preprocessor, time is 20 seconds to 3 minutes so that partly precook mixture in temperature is 150-210 scopes, then mixture is imported extruder, at first boil the district,, obtain goods by an extrusion die at last through extruding again by exhaust area and the district that is shaped by a heat.Mixture handled making it have maximum temperature to be about 215 °F, preferably selecting maximum temperature for use is 205 °F, its objective is for from eliminating the possibility that occurs part deepening and coking in the extruded product in essence.Yet, use lower temperature as hope, its temperature maximum can be no more than 185 °F, and the pressure in extruder is in the 200psig-1200psig pressure limit.

Importantly, exhaust area is set in extruder, causes a large amount of moisture in the mixture of flour and water, to be removed with the form of gas by the present invention.Therefore, advance at mixture and to boil when district by heat, water may be improved with the ratio of flour in the mixture, and this has just reduced the viscosity of mixture, so the shearforce that is added on the mixture is reduced.Extruded goods are after aquation, has good integrality, make the surface of goods not have a kind of sensation that is clamminess and profile significantly, also the goods of gained excessive hot boiled tool is had bigger tolerance, this tolerance is not that the change on the organoleptic properties can observe.

The mixture of flour and water is exposed to the exhaust area of extruder, make its progressively cooling before entering be shaped district and mould, extruded for this reason goods are before arriving drying stage, because these goods keep its shape, institute is so that handling ease, and can utilize frame to be held in the otch that the cutting knife on the die face is cut cleanly, can not tear noodles.In addition, form being clamminess property and the bubbles volume that mixture can reduce goods with colder temperature, this just reduces the possibility that extruded product agglomerating caking occurs and do not sell.

Find, the exhaust area of extruder is added negative pressure, minimizing is made about 1 minute required of the time of goods aquation of being produced, and stop the formation of bubble in extruded product substantially, increased the transparency of end article for this reason.The exhaust of extruder reduces the moisture of mixture equally widely, and the quality of end article is improved.In optimal way of the present invention, exhaust area is equipped with a device, its conical shell is connected to a steam vent, and a vertical screw rod is installed in the enclosure, this screw rod has the spiral shell tooth, so that allow arbitrary part that departs from of the flour that enters shell and aqueous mixtures be transmitted back in the extruder with the direction opposite with exhaust airstream.

The deficiency of being mentioned above the present invention further overcomes.Promptly utilize the production of a kind of low shear pressing method to cook rice food quickly, this method comprises: the mixture of ground rice or rice particulate and water is passed through a preprocessor, time is 20 seconds to 3 minutes, so that the step of the local mixture of precooking in 150-210 temperature range, then mixture is sent into extruder, at first boil the district by a heat, then by exhaust area and the district that is shaped, at last by an extrusion die to obtain a kind of goods through extruding.The temperature of mixture preferably is in 235-265 temperature ranges in 180-350 scope in heat is boiled the district, and the pressure in the squeeze receptacle of extruder is in the 200psig-1200psig scope.

It is noted that especially by principle of the present invention provides exhaust area in pressurizing unit, this will make the form of a certain amount of moisture with the gas goods, before mixture being sent into be shaped district and mould afterwards it is got rid of from the mixture of rice and water.Therefore, mixture advance to heat boil when district mixture Zhong Shui and the ratio of rice can increase, like this as the viscosity of reduction mixture, thereby correspondingly reduce to be added to the shearforce on the mixture, make extruded goods after aquation, present good integrality, and there is not the sensation that is clamminess and apparent significantly in product surface yet.In addition, goods have bigger tolerance to excessive hot boiled tool, and this tolerance is not that the change on the organoleptic properties can observe.Pressing method utilizes the broken rice and/or the powder of difficult sale on the market to be processed to form a kind of goods, and this goods have character and outward appearance that the whole grain of rice parboils when aquation.

The rice and the mixture of water expose to the exhaust area of extruder, and import be shaped distinguish and mould before cooling mixture slowly.For this reason, extruded goods are easy to operate before arriving dry section, because goods keep its shape, and the blade that can utilize frame to be held on the die face can not torn the otch that just can cut cleanly.

Find, add the exhaust area of negative pressure, do like this and be convenient to from mixture, remove moisture to extruder.Thereby improve the quality of end article, also allow the moisture of mixture in heat is boiled the district to increase simultaneously, make mechanical shear reduce to minimum.Exhaust area is equipped with the device with conical shell of linking exhaust outlet, vertical screw rod is installed in the enclosure, the spiral shell tooth is arranged on the screw rod, and rice and arbitrary part of aqueous mixtures that part is departed from are transmitted back in the extruder towards the direction opposite with the air-flow of exhaust gas.

Other features and advantages of the present invention can be done in conjunction with the accompanying drawings more clearly to describe from the following embodiment that selects for use.Wherein,

Fig. 1 is incomplete side view, illustrates that in the mode of signal being used for heat according to the principle of the invention boils extruder with the extruded food mixture.

Fig. 2 be one through amplifying, the part plan view of extruder as shown in Figure 1, its part section disclose and are arranged on paired in the extruder container, the screw rod of band spiral shell tooth.

Fig. 3 is according to the present invention, is cooking the flour that noodles use and the temperature exemplary distribution curve of aqueous mixtures quickly along the preparation of the length direction of preprocessor shown in Figure 1 and extruder passage.

Fig. 4 represents to prepare the temperature exemplary distribution curve of quick-cooking rice and aqueous mixtures at the length direction along preprocessor shown in Figure 1 and extruder passage according to the present invention.

See Fig. 1, wherein 10 expression extruding are put, it comprises: one has cylinder 14 Extruder 12, its entrance are 16 to be positioned at the outlet below of preprocessor 15, extruder 12 also have one with the outlet of mould 18, and described cylinder 14 is by 9 cylinder districts 20-36 forms, and the quantity of cylinder can change certainly, and this change does not depart from this Bright principle.

As shown in Figure 2, extruder barrel 14 has the wall that limits chamber 38, this chamber by Two columniform, and the juxtaposed alveolus that interconnects forms, and two rotatable with the spiral shell tooth The material screw rod 40 of advancing is contained in each district of chamber 38, and along extruder barrel Intermesh on most of length direction, but disconnected from each other at last 36 places, cylinder district, and Be positioned at the tapered cylinder district that is separately complementary, in order to divide open form the mixed material of being processed Become two juxtaposed, disconnected outflow stock column.

Twin-screw food extrusion machine 12 as shown in Figure 2 is to be given birth to by Wenger manufacturing company Produce, surrenderee of the present invention, at the Wenger circular, in 586 pages of the 56th phases it Be called Wenger-TX type extruder. To this, specially at this in the lump in advance with open. Can See the WengerTX extruder quite high pressure differential is provided in the double end outlet area, big Be about 500psi-600psi, can think that this factor is obtaining this at least Invention unique result aspect is particular importance.

Referring to Fig. 1, for the device 42 that cylinder district 32 is carried out exhaust, it comprises: tool The shell 44 that a tapering part 46 and cylindrical part 48 are arranged, cylindrical part 48 Be connected with tapering part 46, and be connected on the cylinder 14 of extruder. Closed shell 44 have the structure that limits passage 50, and the passage 50 in tapering part 46 has one The configuration of taper, and a corresponding cylindrical configuration, passage are arranged in cylindrical part 48 50 have 52 and entrances 54 of an outlet, the row in entrance 54 and the cylinder district 32 Pore 56 (seeing Fig. 2) is connected. Shell 44 comprises: one is positioned at the bottom, row Gas port 56 places seal the horizontal plate 58 of contact for anti-gas leakage, except with column part 48 in This flat board has been covered with all parts of exhaust outlet outside the passage 50 tight adjacent area contacts.

Exhaust apparatus 42 also comprises: the screw rod with the spiral shell tooth, this screw rod are used for and will enter It is transmitted back in the extruder mixed material of passage 50 with the opposite steering handle of discharge directions, hangs down Straight exhaust apparatus screw rod 60 comprises in the area of adjacent channel entrance 54 in passage 50 Be axially rotary, and provide moving by the motor 62 that is connected to actuating device of right angle 64 Power.

Channel outlet 52 is provided with a pipe 66, and it passes the lid of exhaust apparatus shell 44 Plate 68 is protruding, and pipe 66 is the C font in shell 44, so its outlet 52 are directly adjacent to cover plate 68, and pipe 66 leads to atmosphere, or preferably are connected to a vacuum The source makes negative pressure of passage 50 interior formation, and the mixture from advancing along extruder 12 Gas bleeding in the material.

Press one aspect of the present invention, a kind of low-temp. extrusion processing method is for the production of cooking noodles quickly Goods, it comprises: the cylinder that the mixture that is made up of flour and water is imported extruder 12 In 14, at the beginning interior flour and water mixing, obtain flour and water at preprocessor 15 Mixture is brought up to the temperature of mixture from 160 °F of-210 °F of scopes simultaneously Interior a certain value, through 20 seconds to 3 minutes the time of staying, wherein 1 minute to 2 minutes The time of staying be best. Pre-treatment step also can be selected as required, and it comprises: mixed When compound is advanced along first 1/3 length in the preprocessor 15, steam is added Enter in the flour.

Hope is before exhaust cylinder district 32, and the mixture in the extruder chamber 38 is by percentage Weight/power ratio is about the flour of 80%-50% and the water of 20%-50% forms. So And, observed result preferably and be mixture before exhaust cylinder district 32 by percentage Weight is about the flour of 70%-65% and the water of 30%-35% forms.

When in case the mixture of flour and water enters extruder 12 by entrance 16, by screw rod 40 axial rotation makes mixture advance along the length direction of cylinder 14. Thus, mixed Compound at first boils the district by the heat in the extruder, yet by exhaust area and the district that is shaped, at last logical The hole 70 (seeing Fig. 2) of crossing on the mould 18 provides the extruding finished product.

Be the purpose of giving an example, on behalf of heat, the cylinder district 20-30 shown in Fig. 1 and 2 boil the district, boil by heat the district when advancing the maximum temperature of flour and aqueous mixtures can reach about 215 °F, be preferably 205 °F, mixed material heat boil the district in (comprising cylinder district 20-30) time of staying between 10 seconds-25 seconds, preferably 15 seconds.

The exhaust area that cylinder district 32 representative had been mentioned in the above, when the mixture of water and flour is advanced by screw rod 40, come from gas in flour and the aqueous mixtures in this district in advance with eliminating.At gas during by 50 dischargings of steam vent 56 and passage, the screw rod 60 of rotation exhaust apparatus makes any part flour that departs from and the mixture of water, promptly is transmitted back in the chamber 38 with the direction opposite with discharge directions from the mixture of chamber 38 by steam vent 56.As shown in Figure 1, dispose the vertical channel 50 of vertical screw, can cause under the influence of gravity that any part mixture in passage 50 falls towards screw rod 60.Afterwards, turn back to chamber 38 again.If desired, can in the tapered zone of passage 50, settle to scrape and sweep element (figure do not show), be used to scrape the accumulation part of the flour and the aqueous mixtures of decapsidate tapered zone 46 inner surfaces.

Best, the outlet 52 of passage 50 is communicated with vacuum source, provides the vacuum that is about the 5-20inHg post by vacuum source, when the negative pressure of passage 50 is about the 15inHg post, can observe result preferably.

The tapered zone of passage 50 makes the superficial velocity of mixture admission passage 50, drops to a quite low level when mixture levels off to cover plate 68, vacuumizes pipe 66 so that stop mixture to enter basically.Air exit 52 is positioned at the upper corner of passage 50, near cover plate 68 places, even quite a large amount of temporary transient flow channel 50 of mixture, the danger that does not also enter pipe 66.Simultaneously, the taper configuration of tapering part 46 makes mixture within it, and when motor 62 made screw rod make forward rotation, inlet 58 directions towards passage 50 fell downwards.Therefore, make in the stressed chamber 38 that turns back to cylinder of mixture.

Again referring to Fig. 1, cylinder district 34 and the 36 expressions district that is shaped, flour and aqueous mixtures by this district's feeding are squeezed, and extrude by die hole 70.Mixture stays between the stopping time approximately from 20 seconds to 60 seconds, preferably about 45 seconds in the district that is shaped.In addition, the pressure that mixture is subjected in the district that is shaped is preferably 500-600psig approximately from 200psig-1200psig.

During along chamber 38 feedings, water and steam both can inject mixture at mixture, as, can inject initial cylinder district to running water, or cylinder district 20, its temperature is in 50-65 scopes.Can inject steam in the district of the downstream area of drum inlet 16 such as corresponding cylinder 24,26,28.Another example is, can be about 180 water to water temperature and be injected into initial cylinder district 20, will need less steam thus.Certainly, it also is possible adding in other direction.

Load onto overcoat preferably for the cylinder 14 of extruder 12, so that cooling water or oil can circulating with chamber 38 adjacents at extruder 12.Make flour and aqueous mixtures when the length direction of cylinder 14 is advanced, be subjected to indirect thermal conversion at them.Other suitable means are as also adopting with resistance or eddy-current heating.Preferably mixture its temperature when advancing by the whole length of extruder 12 is similar in 130-210 scopes.Certainly, boil the district in heat and require to be subjected to aforesaid maximum temperature.Can optionally can boil the temperature in district in heat in the temperature of the district's mixture that is shaped less than it.

In the shaping district of mixture, and provide extruding during finished product, by the extruding finished product being cut into needed length with leaning against the mould 18 outer surfaces pocket knife of holding of putting on the shelf by die hole from extruder 12.Afterwards, goods enter dry section so that make the goods of gained be suitable for storing and transportation.

In optimised form of the present invention, it is just passable that the drying steps of extruded product proceeds to the percentage by weight of moisture about 8%-14% that makes in the noodle product.Yet its percentage by weight of moisture that preferably makes noodle product can get dry preferably result in the 10%-12% scope.

At the extruded product that carries out drying stage, preferably from environment temperature or 75 to about 180 condition under through about 20 minutes to 60 minutes time drying.Yet, being about 120 °F-140 °F in the suffered temperature of drying stage extruded product, the time was about 20 minutes-30 minutes the time, can observe result preferably.

Find that according to principle of the present invention, noodle product is cooked in the low temperature extruding quickly, blackening and the focal spot that can eliminate product basically form, and reduce the requirement of energy simultaneously.Air bubble content is descended and increase the tolerance of excessively hotting plate and limit.And the taste of product is increased.When heat was boiled processing, the cooling effect to mixture that is provided by exhaust apparatus 42 was provided lower temperature, so before drying stage, owing to reduced the viscosity of product and made it keep shape preferably, thereby be convenient to process extruded product.

When mixture passes through the exhaust area of extruder 12, in the mixture of flour and water, remove a large amount of moisture, this relatively large moisture can appear at by heat and boil in the mixture in when district, therefore reduced to be added to the shearforce on the mixture, this will be increased in the integrality of product after the rehydration, and avoided product when reaching ready state, to damage easily or dialysis, moreover reduce to be added to the shear that heat boils on district's mixture and also can avoid the degree of being clamminess of product and the total energy consumption that reduces extruder 12.Extruded product has the advantage that good anti-excessive heat is boiled.Therefore Products Quality is better than the goods with known method production.

In exhaust area, make its vacuum greater than the 5inHg post, to reduce rehydration time about 1 minute, promptly without exhaust phase, after 4 minutes rehydration completely can appear generally, and rehydration completely just took place in the employing exhaust phase after 3 minutes, in fact, vacuumize in the exhaust area employing, also stop the formation of bubble in extruded product.

Fig. 3 represents mixture at preprocessor 15, and when the length direction of cylinder 14 is advanced its typical temperature distribution history.As seen, when mixture process preprocessor 15, its temperature stabilization ground increases, and is boiling the district by heat when advancing then, and its temperature slightly increases, the temperature of mixture descends corresponding to the exhaust area in cylinder district 32 time, when advancing by 34,36 represented shaping districts, cylinder district, temperature stabilization ground descends afterwards, mixture is by die hole 70 time, and its temperature further descends.In this example, half of about mixture is subjected to heat and boils in preprocessor 15, is subjected to heat and boils and remaining part will be exposed to 140-160 temperature following times by extruder at them.

Example 1,

In this test example, by percentage by weight is that 99.5% red dog and 0.5% Myvaplex600 surfactant are made the original flour mixture, then this dried mixture is sent into and be equipped with the WengerTX-80 twin (double) screw extruder of a preprocessor and a screw rod feed hopper to process processing, obtain the noodle product that a kind of heat was boiled.

Fig. 1 illustrative TX-80 extruder, its terminal are twin-screw taper nozzle mould head, and it always has 8 tubiform heads or cylinder district.

The original flour mixture of doing (its moisture is 12%) is sent into preprocessor with the speed of 7.03 pounds of per minutes, and mix with the water that speed with 0.83 pound of per minute is added in the preprocessor, the mixture utilization of water in preprocessor and flour is with the speed of 0.40 pound of per minute, pressure is that the steam that 30psi injects makes it improve temperature, agitator in preprocessor (angle that it can be different tilt so that the various possible time of staying to be provided) rotates with the speed of 171rpm, and can be adjusted to mixture was stopped in preprocessor 1.5 minutes.Its temperature of mixture of discharging from preprocessor is 200F, and moisture is about 25% percentage by weight.

Afterwards, mixture is sent to and is positioned at the extruder charge door that heat is boiled the porch, district, and running water injects mixture with the speed of 0.97 pound of per minute.Yet (, another kind of mode is also can add the hot water that temperature is about 180, purpose is to reduce the flowing velocity of required steam).The screw rod of extruder when mixture is advanced by extruder, need not add steam with the speed rotation of 161rpm, and the load of extruder is 17.8KW, is not having mixture, and the load when screw speed is 161rpm on the extruder is 2.2KW.So the load that need increase in extruder owing to there is mixture is about 15.6KW.

To the the three, the four and the 5th cylinder district, the temperature of its pair cylinder maintains 197 °F respectively, 195 °F and 191 °F.Its percentage by weight of moisture of flour and aqueous mixtures is about 33% in the heat of extruder is boiled the district.The 6th cylinder district comprises that vacuum is extracted into the steam vent of 10inHg post.The shaping district of extruder is corresponding to the 7th and the 8th cylinder district, and their temperature is respectively 163 °F and 165 °F.

Goods are 8 1/2 pounds of per minutes by the speed (comprising the Total Water that is added in preprocessor and the extruder) of extruder, the pressure at the place, cylinder district of in the end contiguous mould is 600psi, and its percentage by weight of moisture of the extruded product that comes out along mould is 27%.The total open area of mould is 0.547 square of inch, with one cutter is cut extruded product, makes it have the length of ancon macaroni.Goods in the drier under 130 temperature dry 24 minutes, through super-dry, its final percent water content of the goods of extruding is 11%, resulting product is aquation in 4 minutes, and has good goods integrality and palatability.There are not blackening and coking spot to occur.

Example 2:

In this example, except water injects preprocessor with the speed of 0.71 pound of per minute, and the screw rod velocity of rotation of preprocessor is outside the 170rpm, and remainder is undertaken by example 1 described step basically.Its percentage by weight of moisture of the mixture that provides from preprocessor is 26.5%.

In extruder, pressure is the steam of 125psi, infeeds with the speed of 0.60 pound of per minute, and water infeeds extruder with the speed of 0.53 pound of per minute, and the result boils in the district in the heat of extruder, and the moisture of flour and aqueous mixtures is 37.5%.In this case, the load of extruder is 15.98KW, and therefore the required load of handling in the extruder of mixture is 13.78KW.

At third and fourth, temperature in the five cylinder districts maintains 203 °F respectively, 193 °F and 187 °F, the 6th cylinder district is connected with vacuum source, the vacuum that makes this cylinder district is the 15inHg post.Temperature in the 7th cylinder district and the 8th cylinder district correspondingly is 182 °F and 177 °F.

Last, or the 8th be 500psi near the pressure in the cylinder district of mould, and the moisture of extruded goods is 27.57%.Therefore, the moisture of mixture in heat is boiled the district, and the difference representative of the moisture of extruded product is at the moisture of exhaust area discharge, though a spot of moisture can be sentenced the form of steam in advance to remove in mould perforate 70.In addition, macaroni is very good to eat after aquation, and is very complete, do not observe blackening.

According to another aspect of the present invention, be that a kind of low shear extrusion process method is used to prepare the quick-cooking rice goods, this method comprises: the mixture of being made up of ground rice or the grain of rice and water is imported the step in the cylinder of extruder 12, and the detail section of this method is with above-mentioned relevant to produce noodle product with flour and aqueous mixtures different, employing comprises that the Fig. 1 in novel exhaust cylinder district 32 and Fig. 2 are basic devices, provide improved quick-cooking rice goods in general similar mode, unless so outside the following special to some extent explanation, other parts will be assumed to the mixture of handling ground rice or rice particulate and water with device illustrated in figures 1 and 2 in a kind of similar mode.In preprocessor 15, produce their mixture at the beginning, and the temperature of mixture is brought up to a certain value in about 150-210 with the rice and the mixing of water.The time of staying is 20 seconds to 3 minutes, and preferably the time of staying is 1 minute to 2 minutes.As required, pre-treatment step can comprise: when first 1/3 length of preprocessor 15 is advanced, steam is added to the step of rice and aqueous mixtures at mixture.

Hope mixture in the extruder chamber 38 before exhaust cylinder district 32 contains rice and the water of 20%-40% that percentage by weight is 80%-60%.Yet the mixtures before the cylinder district 32 can be observed result preferably when containing the water of the rice of 75%-70% and 25%-30%.

In case rice and aqueous mixtures import in the extruder 12 by inlet 16, utilize the axial rotation of screw rod 40 that mixture is advanced along the drum length direction, rice and aqueous mixtures are being distinguished when advancing by being boiled by the cylinder district represented heat of 20-30 of Fig. 1, its temperature is in 180-350 scope, and the temperature that mixture is generally selected for use in heat is boiled the district is in 210-300 scopes.When the temperature of mixture is in 235-265 scopes in heat is boiled the district, can be observed best result.Equally, the time of staying of mixed material in the heat that comprises cylinder district 20-30 is boiled the district generally selects for use about 15 seconds in 10 seconds-25 seconds scopes.

Referring to Fig. 1, cylinder district 34 and 36 expressions are shaped and distinguish again, and mixture was advanced by the district that is shaped before being squeezed by die hole 70, and the time of staying of mixture was about 20 seconds-60 seconds in the district that is shaped, and preferably selected for use 45 seconds.The temperature of mixture is in 130-250 scopes, preferably selects for use in 180-220 scopes.In addition, mixture is subjected to the pressure of 200-1200psi in the district that is shaped, and preferably is subjected to the pressure of 500-600psi.

At mixture when chamber 38 is advanced, can inject water and steam in mixture, for example: can inject running water in initial the cylinder district or cylinder district 20, its temperature is in 50-65 scopes, the downstream that can make steam inject drum inlet 16 is promptly respectively distinguished in 24,26 and 28 accordingly.Another example is can be about 180 water to temperature to join initial cylinder district 20, therefore will only need just passable with less steam.Certainly it also is possible adopting other direction to add.

Best, its temperature of mixture of advancing along the whole length direction of extruder is approximately in 210-250 scopes, can make the temperature of mixture in the district that is shaped be lower than its temperature in heat is boiled the district as required.

In optimal way of the present invention, till the step of dry extruded product proceeds to when making its moisture of rice made products be 8%-14%.Yet the moisture value of best rice made products is in the 10%-12% scope time, observed to have result preferably.

At the extruded product of drying stage it is stood from environment temperature or about 75 to being about a certain 60 minutes to 10 minutes time of temperature drying in 250 scopes.Yet at drying stage, it is that a certain temperature drying 10 in 180-220 scopes is assigned to 20 timesharing and had dry preferably result that extruded product is subjected to temperature.

At mixture during by the exhaust area in the extruder 12, remove a certain amount of moisture from rice and aqueous mixtures, these moisture are to be present in by heat to boil in the mixture of district during passage, because the removal of moisture content, thereby reduce to use the shear on the mixture, the reduction of shear will reduce because the aquation rice made products that makes that outer surface caused that is clamminess is tending towards forming the possibility of undesirable agglomerate in heat is boiled the district.In addition, boil the shear of distinguishing on the mixture owing to reduce to be added to heat, thereby reduce the total power consumption of extruder 12.Extruded product will increase neither and be clamminess, the tolerance that inadherent again excessive heat is boiled, so Products Quality is better than the goods produced with known method.

In exhaust area, be pumped into vacuum, cause higher moisture content amount (or with running water or with the form of steam) can be added to along heat and boil on the mixture of advancing in the district, act on the mechanical shear on the mixture in the extruder thereby can further reduce greater than 5in.Hg..Utilization vacuumizes the formation that also can stop bubble in extruded product at exhaust area.

Can be added to other batching in rice and the aqueous mixtures, with the performance of increase extruded product, for example: can be swelling agent, enter heat as calcium phosphate and sodium phosphate at mixture and add before boiling the district.Or in another way, can make additive and the material reaction of forming by mixture, in extruded product, form bubble.Therefore, make goods that expansion be arranged slightly, and when aquation, enter moisture content easily, reduce the needed time of aquation.Processing and treating method is not subjected to the influence of meter type, can adopt long-grained rice, short grain rice or brown rice, and they can singly plant use, or the use that combines by different way.

Fig. 4 represents mixture their representative temperature distribution curves in preprocessor 15 and when the length direction of cylinder 14 is advanced.As seen, when mixture is advanced by preprocessor 15, its temperature stabilization rises, boiling the district by heat when advancing then, temperature slightly descends, descend in temperature corresponding to the exhaust area mixture in cylinder district 32, however when mixture when advancing by the shaping district of cylinder 34,36 representatives, temperature has increase slightly.When mixture passed through die hole 70, temperature further descended.In this example, in preprocessor 16, have 40% mixture to obtain heat approximately and boil, and the heat of other parts is boiled when occurring in mixture by extruder 12, be subjected to the result of about temperature heating more than 180.

Example 3.

In this embodiment, initial ground rice mixture is to be the Myvaplexboo surfactant preparation of 99.0% long-grained rice powder and 1.0% by percentage by weight, then this dried mixture is sent in the WengerTX-80 twin (double) screw extruder that a preprocessor and feed hopper are housed, obtained hot rice product by processing.

The TX-80 extruder is by Fig. 1 illustrative, and extruder is a terminal with twin-screw oblique cone type mould head, and whole extruder has 8 pipe heads or cylinder district.

A kind of dried initial ground rice mixture (water content is 11%), send into preprocessor and mix with the speed of 9.8 pounds of per minutes with the water of sending in the preprocessor with the speed of 1.0 pounds of per minutes, utilize pressure to be 30psig, lead into steam with the speed of 0.40 pound of per minute the water in the preprocessor and the temperature of ground rice mixture are improved.Can be in preprocessor with the mixer that has different angles to tilt so that the various possible mixture time of staying to be provided.

Speed with 150rpm is rotated mixer, and by adjusting mixture is stopped 1.5 minutes in preprocessor.Its temperature of mixture of discharging from preprocessor is about 200 °F, and water content is 25%.

Afterwards, mixture is sent into heat through the inlet of extruder boil the district, and running water is injected mixture (yet, another kind of mode, can feed temperature is 180 hot water, so that reduce required a large amount of vapours streams) with the speed of 1.45 pounds of per minutes.In addition, be flow velocity the steam feeding extruder of 0.66 pound of per minute, steam pressure is 125psi.The screw speed of extruder is 150rpm, and the load of extruder is 11.2KW, when screw speed is 150rpm, when not having mixture in the extruder, load on the extruder is about 2.2KW, so owing to handle mixture, make the load increase of extruder be about 9.9KW.

Its temperature of mixture of advancing in two cylinders the second, three, four, five districts remains on 210 °F respectively, and 260 °F, 255 °F, 250 °F.Boil in the district in extruder heat, its percentage by weight of the water content of flour and aqueous mixtures is about 36%.The 6th cylinder district comprises that vacuum is extracted into the steam vent of 10-15in.Hg..The shaping district of extruder is corresponding to the 7th and the 8th cylinder district, and the temperature of the mixture of advancing in these two districts is respectively 209 °F and 216 °F.

Mixture is 12.59 pounds of per minutes by the speed of extruder (comprising the total amount that adds water in preprocessor and the extruder).In the end the pressure in the cylinder district of a contiguous mould is 50psi, and directly the extruded product moisture content by mould is 25% percentage by weight, so vacuum exhaust will be removed in the extruded product 11% moisture content.The total perforated area of mould is 0.6 inch 2, cut off extruded product with cutting knife according to the length that is similar to the grain of rice, and the product row that makes cutting-out enters a drier, the temperature that goods are subjected to about 205 in drier was heated 13 minutes, through the extruded product of super-dry, its final water content is about 11%, and resulting product is aquation in about 7-8 minute time, and present good goods integrality and palatability, do not have blackening and focal spot.

Example 4.

In this example, except an initial ground rice mixture of doing is sent into preprocessor with the speed of 8.311 pounds of per minutes, and enter beyond water in the preprocessor mixes with speed with 0.834 pound of per minute, remaining operating procedure is described as example 1 basically.Utilization is injected the steam of pressure for 30psi with the speed of 0.37 pound of per minute, with the water in the raising preprocessor and the temperature of ground rice mixture.Agitator in the preprocessor rotates with 175rpm, regulates rotating speed mixture was stopped 1.5 minutes at preprocessor, and its temperature of mixture of coming out in the preprocessor is about 208 °F, and water content is 26.88%.

Then ground rice and aqueous mixtures are sent into and be positioned at the inlet that heat is boiled the extruder of porch, district, simultaneously the speed of running water with 0.83 pound of per minute is added in the mixture, be pressure that the steam of 100psi imports the heat that is positioned at extruder with the speed of 0.59 pound of per minute and boils the mixture in district also, the screw rod of extruder rotates with the speed of 175rpm, the load of extruder is 20KW, when not having mixture, load on the extruder is about 2.2KW, thus in extruder owing to the load that will handle mixture and need to increase is about 17.8KW.

Boil in the district in the heat of extruder, to the second, three, four, five cylinder districts, wherein the temperature of mixture remains on 176 °F respectively, and 200 °F, 200 °F and 200 °F.The water content of ground rice and aqueous mixtures is about 36.4% in extruder heat is boiled the district.The negative pressure of vacuum of 15in.Hg. post is added to steam vent in the 6th cylinder district.The shaping district of extruder is corresponding to the seven, the eight cylinder district, and the temperature of the mixture of advancing in the 8th cylinder district is about 169 °F.

Goods are 10.94 pounds of per minutes by the speed of extruder (comprising the Total Water that is added in preprocessor and the extruder), pressure in the 7th cylinder district is 200psi, and be 500psi at the pressure in last cylinder district of contiguous mould, directly its water content of extruded product through mould is 26.75%.Through what push, the product row of cutting off enters drier, and baking temperature is 125 °F, is total up to drying time 30 minutes, is about 12.53% through its final water content of dry article.

Claims (18)

1. the low temperature pressing method of noodle product is cooked in a production quickly, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) in preprocessor (15), prepare dough mixture by mixed flour and water, and the temperature of described mixture brought up to from about 150 to 210 scope, and described mixture is kept about 20 seconds to 3 minutes a period of time in described preprocessor (15);

(b) described dough mixture is imported in the cylinder (14) of the extruder (12) that two band rotating screw rods of spiral shell tooth (40) and an extrusion die (18) are installed;

(c) rotate described screw rod (40), make described dough mixture at first boil the district by a heat along the length direction of described cylinder, this mixture stops 10-25 second in heat is boiled the district; Then by an exhaust area and make mixture exhaust in described exhaust area, before entering described exhaust area, described dough mixture comprises the flour of 80-50% and the water of 20-50% by weight percentage, be shaped by one then and distinguish, wherein dough mixture is to stop 20-60 second under 130 °F to about 210 °F in temperature, and tolerance range is the pressure of about 200Psig to 120Psig; Produce extruded product by described extrusion die (18) at last;

(d) make the extruded product drying;

(e) maximum temperature of described dough mixture in described heat is boiled the district is high to about 215 °F.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, dough mixture keeps 30 seconds to 85 seconds the time of staying in extruder barrel (14).

3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described extruder (12) has in two the co-rotational screw rod (40) of engagement, and comprise by rotating described screw rod (40) along the length direction of the described cylinder step of the described dough mixture of feeding sequentially.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that being included in the described preprocessor (15) steam and water is added to step in the described flour.

5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that being included in and makes described dough mixture bear the step of vacuum in the described exhaust area.

6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that described vacuum is the grade of about 5inHg to about 20inHg.

7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described drying steps comprises to make extruded product bear about 75 steps to about 180 temperature in about 20 to about 60 minutes time.

8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described drying steps lasts till that dried goods humidity reaches till the degree of about 10%-12% (percentage by weight).

9. method according to claim 1 and 2, its feature is being included in the step of injecting steam and/or water when mixture boils the length direction feeding in district along described heat in described dough mixture.

10. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that being included in the step that described dough mixture bears indirect heat exchange during the length feeding of cylinder (14).

11. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described step of discharging described gas is included in the step of rotating exhaust apparatus screw rod (60) in the exhaust passage (50) that is communicated with described exhaust area, described exhaust apparatus screw rod (60) has the spiral shell tooth makes described mixture be partial to described cylinder (14), and moisture can be got rid of by described passage (50).

12. method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that there is an area perpendicular to the pivot center of described screw rod (40) described exhaust passage (50), this area size on away from the exhaust area direction of described cylinder increases, with the reduction face velocity of any mixture part of described passage (50) of flowing through, thereby effectively prevent the part escape of described mixture when described moisture is got rid of.

13. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that before moisture is therefrom got rid of, described mixture boils the district in described heat and reach the maximum temperature that it is experienced in described extruder (12).

14. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the time of staying of dough mixture in preprocessor (15) is 1 minute to 2 minutes.

15. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that arriving about 600Psig at the pressure in described shaping district for about 500Psig.

16. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described dough mixture comprises that percentage by weight is about 99.5% semolina.

17. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described dough mixture comprises that percentage by weight is 0.5% surfactant Myvaplex600.

18. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that extruded product arrived about 140 temperature drying with about 120 °F in about 20 minutes to about 30 minutes a period of time.

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