CN103066556B - The over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current - Google Patents
The over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current Download PDFInfo
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- CN103066556B CN103066556B CN201210513654.5A CN201210513654A CN103066556B CN 103066556 B CN103066556 B CN 103066556B CN 201210513654 A CN201210513654 A CN 201210513654A CN 103066556 B CN103066556 B CN 103066556B
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current, once high-tension battery is disconnected with high-voltage direct current, then makes electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of monitor in real time HVDC network.Once voltage >=the maximum permissible voltage of HVDC network, then enter active short-circuit mode in making electric machine controller, while opening auxiliary discharge equipment one or more.Once the voltage < maximum permissible voltages of HVDC network, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model.Once the voltage of HVDC network≤minimum allows voltage, then all auxiliary discharge equipment are closed.High-voltage direct current is under the failure condition that high-tension battery disconnects, existing electric machine controller only has a kind of safe mode, the application is then split as two kinds of passive feedback model and active short-circuit mode, and it is aided with the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current, the overtension of the HVDC network of effectively solving new-energy automobile, reduces risk of equipment damage.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to a kind of new-energy automobile(Pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle etc.)In be directed to high-voltage direct current
Guard method.
Background technology
Fig. 1 is referred to, this is the rough schematic view of the high-voltage direct current in new-energy automobile.The high-voltage direct current
Including high-tension battery 10, electric machine controller 20, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.
High-tension battery 10 exports high-voltage direct current to provide energy to electric machine controller 20 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.It is high
Piezoelectric battery 10 can also obtain the high-voltage direct current of input to charge from electric machine controller 20.
The DC terminal of electric machine controller 20 is connected with high-tension battery 10, exchanges the three-phase alternating current at end and permagnetic synchronous motor 30
Electric port is connected, and plays driving 30 output torque of permagnetic synchronous motor and power, and the braking of feedback permagnetic synchronous motor 30
The effect of energy.Common electric machine controller 20 adopts three-phase bridge type converter, by Support Capacitor C and three bridge arms joint group
Into.Each bridge arm is made up of two power switching device series, each device for power switching also one diode of reverse parallel connection.Often
Device for power switching includes IGBT device, metal-oxide-semiconductor etc..
The mechanical output shaft of permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is connected with the drive system of electric automobile, is electric automobile output torque
With power.When permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is dragged at a high speed, three-phase alternating current is also generated in turn.
Auxiliary discharge equipment 40 refers to the energy consumption equipment in HVDC network in addition to electric machine controller 20, main to wrap
Include DC/DC changers, high-pressure air conditioner, seat heater etc..DC/DC changers are primarily served and for high voltage direct current to be converted to low pressure
Galvanic effect, the low-voltage direct-current system for new-energy automobile provide energy.High-pressure air conditioner is mainly by HVDC electric energy
Mechanical energy is converted to, drives compressor to carry out refrigerating/heating.HVDC electric energy is mainly converted to heat by seat heater
Can, seat heating is helped, to improve comfortableness of the human body in cold snap.
The DC terminal of electric machine controller 20 is connected to one using high direct voltage wire harness with the input of auxiliary discharge equipment 40
Rise, referred to as HVDC network 50.Under normal circumstances, high-tension battery 10 can be used to the voltage of stable high voltage DC network 50.
When there are some failures, high-tension battery 10 can be disconnected by chopper with HVDC network 50, now HVDC network 50
Voltage will become unstable.
Electric machine controller 20 is referred to as motor driven systems with permagnetic synchronous motor 30.Existing motor driven systems are once
It was found that such as high-tension battery short circuit, overvoltage, excessively stream, overheated;Receive the failures such as outside collision signal and will enter safe mode, i.e.,
By all device for power switching shut-offs in three bridge arms of electric machine controller 20.Now once permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is by a high speed
Drag, will be by diode rectification in electric machine controller 20 so that the overtension of HVDC network 50, equipment may be caused
Damage.
The content of the invention
Technical problems to be solved in this application are to provide a kind of overvoltage protection of the high-voltage direct current of new-energy automobile
Method, can prevent high-voltage direct current from overvoltage occur.The method be particularly well-suited to high-tension battery and HVDC network disengage,
And the situation dragged at a high speed by permagnetic synchronous motor.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the over-voltage protection method of the application high-voltage direct current is:Once high-tension battery with
High-voltage direct current disconnects, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of monitor in real time HVDC network;
Once voltage >=the maximum permissible voltage of HVDC network, then enter actively short-circuit mould in making electric machine controller
Formula, while opening one or more of auxiliary discharge equipment;
Once the voltage < maximum permissible voltages of HVDC network, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
Once the voltage of HVDC network≤minimum allows voltage, then all auxiliary discharge equipment are closed;
The passive feedback model is:Six device for power switching in three bridge arms of electric machine controller are all off;
The active short-circuit mode is:Three of electric machine controller upper bridge arm device for power switching are all off, under three
Bridge arm device for power switching is all turned on;Or three in electric machine controller upper bridge arm device for power switching all turn on, three
Individual lower bridge arm device for power switching is all off.
Under the failure condition that high-tension battery disconnects, existing electric machine controller only has a kind of safety to high-voltage direct current
Pattern, the application are then split as two kinds of passive feedback model and active short-circuit mode, and according to the electricity of HVDC network
Whether pressure is higher than maximum permissible voltage and switches between these two modes.
The application is also aided with the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current, and HVDC network voltage higher than maximum
Allow to open during voltage, allow to close during voltage less than minimum.
By combination of the above strategy, the application just can be with the voltage mistake of the HVDC network of effectively solving new-energy automobile
High problem, preferably reduces the damage risk of equipment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the simplified structural representation of the high-voltage direct current of electric automobile;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the over-voltage protection method of the application high-voltage direct current;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the passive feedback model of motor driven systems;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the active short-circuit mode of motor driven systems;
Fig. 5 is the graph of a relation of the short circuit current of permagnetic synchronous motor and rotating speed under active short-circuit mode;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current.
In figure, reference is:
10 is high-tension battery;20 is electric machine controller;30 is permagnetic synchronous motor;40 are auxiliary discharge equipment.
Specific embodiment
The application is applied to the high-voltage direct current shown in Fig. 1, i.e., including high-tension battery 10, electric machine controller 20, permanent magnetism
Synchronous motor 30 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.Wherein, the input of the DC terminal of electric machine controller 20 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40
Linked together using high-voltage wiring harness, referred to as HVDC network 50.
Under normal operation, high-tension battery 10 is that electric machine controller 20 provides electric energy, and electric machine controller 20 is by unidirectional current
Alternating current is converted to, to drive 30 output of permagnetic synchronous motor and moment of torsion.Now, the voltage of HVDC network 50 is just
Often fluctuation in scope.
When running into such as high-tension battery short circuit, overvoltage, excessively stream, overheated;When receiving the failures such as outside collision signal, high-tension electricity
Pond 10 by oneself monitoring, and draw oneself up, and this will cause the voltage of HVDC network 50
It is unstable.Subsequently, failure can also be reported entire car controller by high-tension battery 10.
Fig. 2 is referred to, the over-voltage protection method of the application high-voltage direct current is:Once high-tension battery and HVDC system
System disconnects, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of monitor in real time HVDC network;
Once voltage >=the maximum permissible voltage of HVDC network, then make electric machine controller enter active short-circuit mode,
The auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current is opened simultaneously;
Once the voltage < maximum permissible voltages of HVDC network, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
Once the voltage of HVDC network≤minimum allows voltage, then the auxiliary discharge mould of high-voltage direct current is closed
Formula.
Fig. 3 is referred to, this is schematic diagram of the electric machine controller 20 in passive feedback model.Wherein IGBT device all with
Dotted line describes expression, and they are off state.Now, as permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is dragged at a high speed, then its back-emf is very high,
Permagnetic synchronous motor 30 will be charged to Support Capacitor C by the diode rectification in parallel with each IGBT device, high straightening
The voltage of flow network 50 constantly will be raised, until the voltage of Support Capacitor C is close to the line voltage peak value of permagnetic synchronous motor 30.
Fig. 4 is referred to, this is that electric machine controller 20 has the initiative the schematic diagram of short-circuit mode.Wherein described with dotted line
IGBT device represents that they are off state, represents them as conducting state with the IGBT device that solid line is described.In Fig. 4, it is located at
Three IGBT device shut-offs of upper bridge arm, and three IGBT devices positioned at lower bridge arm are turned on;Vice versa(It is not shown).This
When, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is in three-phase active short-circuit condition, thus Support Capacitor C will not be filled by diode rectification
Electricity, the voltage of HVDC network 50 will not also be raised.Under active short-circuit mode, such as permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is dragged, and three
By short circuit current flow in phase winding, the size of the short circuit current is between motor continuous current and peak point current.
Fig. 5 is referred to, the short circuit current of permagnetic synchronous motor 30 with the relation of rotating speed is under active short-circuit mode:With turn
Fast monotone increasing;But after reaching certain rotating speed, can stablize in a certain steady state value.Due to permagnetic synchronous motor 30 short circuit current compared with
Greatly, therefore typically do not allow to work long hours under active short-circuit mode, to avoid electric machine controller 20 or permagnetic synchronous motor 30
It is overheated.The application only when the voltage of HVDC network 50 is higher than maximum permissible voltage, just makes electric machine controller 20 enter master
Dynamic short-circuit mode, and one or more opened in auxiliary discharge equipment 40 are discharged;Only need to be through very short time, high pressure
The voltage of DC network 50 will be less than maximum permissible voltage, and electric machine controller 20 just exits the pattern, thus will not long-time
It is operated under active short-circuit mode.
Fig. 6 is referred to, this is schematic diagram of the high-voltage direct current in auxiliary discharge pattern.Wherein IGBT device is passive
Constantly switch between feedback and active short-circuit mode.Now, one or more in auxiliary discharge equipment 40 are opened to consume support
Energy in electric capacity C.Common auxiliary discharge equipment 40 includes DC/DC changers, high-pressure air conditioner, seat heater etc., supports electricity
The energy held in C will be converted into low-voltage direct-current system energy, mechanical energy or heat energy etc., the electricity of high direct voltage network 50 accordingly
Therefore pressure also can reduce.As the electric energy in Support Capacitor C soon can be discharged by auxiliary discharge equipment 40, thus electric discharge
Time typically can be all controlled in very short time, therefore to other systems of vehicle and the impact very little of personnel.
In sum, the over-voltage protection method of the application high-voltage direct current for electric machine controller 20 devise two kinds it is over-pressed
Protected mode, and switched between both overvoltage protection modes by monitoring the voltage of HVDC network 50.It is simultaneously auxiliary
With the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current, the overtension problem of HVDC network can be efficiently solved, and can be fitted
For new-energy automobiles such as pure electric automobile and hybrid vehicles.
It is just illustrative to the application with a specific embodiment corresponding to physical fault below.
If a new-energy automobile is run at high speed in long descending section, high-tension battery 10 breaks down, and chopper is rapid
High-tension battery 10 is disconnected with HVDC network 50, electric machine controller 30 enters passive feedback model(IGBT device is fully closed
It is disconnected), and the voltage of real-time monitoring HVDC network 50.
Now, due to self inertia and the promotion of descending gravity, motor is still dragged at a high speed new-energy automobile, motor control
Support Capacitor C in device processed 20 is electrically charged, and this causes the voltage of HVDC network 50 to rise above maximum permissible voltage, electricity
Machine controller 20 enters active short-circuit mode(IGBT1,3,5 are open-minded, and IGBT2,4,6 turn off;Or IGBT1,3,5 turn off,
IGBT2,4,6 are open-minded), and open the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current(Open one in auxiliary discharge equipment 40 or
It is multiple).The voltage for causing HVDC network 50 is no longer raised by active short-circuit mode, and the auxiliary for opening high-voltage direct current is put
Power mode then causes the voltage of HVDC network 50 to decline.
As auxiliary discharge equipment 40 has consumed the electric energy of Support Capacitor C, within a very short time, HVDC network 50
Voltage be just down to below maximum permissible voltage, electric machine controller 20 is returned to passive feedback model.Auxiliary discharge now sets
Standby 40 still open, persistently to reduce the voltage of HVDC network 50.Minimum is down to when the voltage of HVDC network 50 to permit
Perhaps below voltage, just close the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current(Close all of auxiliary discharge equipment 40).
During electric automobile is by lasting high speed hauling, above-mentioned electric machine controller 20 can be in passive feedback model and master
Constantly switch between dynamic short-circuit mode, the auxiliary discharge pattern of HVDC network also can when and open, when and close, Liang Zhexiang
Combination ensures the voltage of HVDC network 50 and allows between voltage in maximum permissible voltage and minimum all the time.
After entire car controller learns vehicle trouble, speed disabled vehicle out of service can be reduced using mechanical braking mode
, therefore tow rotating speed and constantly reduce, electric machine controller 20 no longer produces energy back, and the voltage of HVDC network 50 is no longer gone up
Rise.
Need to supplement, after electric machine controller enters active short-circuit mode, motor can be produced under short circuit current effect
Certain negative torque.In the presence of the negative torque, speed can be helped steadily to reduce, thus whole system in Preservation tactics when
Between be limited in certain limit.
The preferred embodiment of the application is these are only, is not used to limit the application.For those skilled in the art comes
Say, the application there can be various modifications and variations.All any modifications within spirit herein and principle, made, equivalent
Replace, improve etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current, is characterized in that, once high-tension battery is disconnected with high-voltage direct current,
Electric machine controller is then made to enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of monitor in real time HVDC network;
Once voltage >=the maximum permissible voltage of HVDC network, then enter active short-circuit mode in making electric machine controller, together
One or more of Shi Kaiqi auxiliary discharge equipment;
Once the voltage < maximum permissible voltages of HVDC network, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
Once the voltage of HVDC network≤minimum allows voltage, then all auxiliary discharge equipment are closed;
The passive feedback model is:Six device for power switching in three bridge arms of electric machine controller are all off;
The active short-circuit mode is:The upper bridge arm device for power switching of three of electric machine controller is all off, three lower bridge arms
Device for power switching is all turned on;Or three in electric machine controller upper bridge arm device for power switching all turn on, under three
Bridge arm device for power switching is all off;
The high-voltage direct current includes high-tension battery, electric machine controller, permagnetic synchronous motor and auxiliary discharge equipment;Motor control
The DC terminal of device processed is linked together using high-voltage wiring harness with the input of auxiliary discharge equipment, referred to as HVDC network;
The auxiliary discharge equipment includes one or more in DC/DC changers, high-pressure air conditioner, seat heater.
2. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the electric machine controller is adopted
With three-phase bridge type converter, composed in parallel by Support Capacitor and three bridge arms;Each bridge arm is by two power switching device series
Composition, each device for power switching also one diode of reverse parallel connection.
3. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1, is characterized in that, short when high-tension battery is run into
It is road, overvoltage, excessively stream, overheated;When receiving the failure of outside collision signal, high-tension battery will be disconnected with high-voltage direct current.
4. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in passive feedback mould
Under formula, when permagnetic synchronous motor is dragged at a high speed, then Support Capacitor is charged, the voltage of HVDC network will be continuous
Raise, the line voltage peak value until being close to permagnetic synchronous motor.
5. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in actively short-circuit mould
Under formula, permagnetic synchronous motor will not be charged to Support Capacitor, and the voltage of HVDC network will not also be raised.
6. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in auxiliary discharge mould
Under formula, the energy in Support Capacitor will be consumed, and therefore the voltage of high direct voltage network also can reduce.
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