CN103064460A - MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and MPPT control method of photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents
MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and MPPT control method of photovoltaic inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN103064460A CN103064460A CN2013100013261A CN201310001326A CN103064460A CN 103064460 A CN103064460 A CN 103064460A CN 2013100013261 A CN2013100013261 A CN 2013100013261A CN 201310001326 A CN201310001326 A CN 201310001326A CN 103064460 A CN103064460 A CN 103064460A
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and an MPPT control method of a photovoltaic inverter. The MPPT control method includes the steps: A, sampling direct-current voltage Ux and direct current Ix of a direct-current side of the photovoltaic inverter, and computing input power Px of the direct-current side of the photovoltaic inverter; B, judging whether the direct-current voltage Ux is not larger than a voltage minimal value U1 or not, if so, updating the voltage minimal value U1 and corresponding input power P1 and switching to D, and otherwise switching to C; C, judging whether the direct-current voltage Ux is not smaller than a voltage maximum value U2 or not, if so, updating he voltage maximum value U2 and corresponding input power P2 and switching to the D, and otherwise switching to E; D, computing a voltage result value U; and E, sending PWM (pulse-width modulation) signals of switches in the photovoltaic inverter according to the voltage result value U. The MPPT control method is simple in sampling MPPT algorithm, easy to implement, rapid in processing, stable in control and capable of improving use efficiency of solar cells.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the MPPT control technology, especially relate to a kind of MPPT control device and method of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter based on voltage fluctuation.
Background technology
Along with the progress of expanding economy and society, the demand of the energy is growing, and conventional energy resources is (such as coal, oil, waterpower, rock gas etc.) also more and more supply falls short of demand, therefore tapping a new source of energy is the inexorable trend of the world today, and solar cell is exactly one of main new forms of energy.But the on the low side of photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency is the bottleneck of sun power large-scale promotion application at present.The energy that how to utilize to greatest extent the sun generating chief to produce is an important directions of photovoltaic research.
The photovoltaic array output characteristics has nonlinear characteristic, and its output voltage, electric current are affected by intensity of illumination, environment temperature and loading condition.Under certain Intensity of the sunlight and environment temperature, photovoltaic array can be operated in different output voltages, but only when a certain output voltage values, the output power of photovoltaic array just can reach maximal value, at this moment the working point of photovoltaic array has just reached the peak of output power voltage curve, be referred to as maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP).Therefore, in photovoltaic generating system, improve whole efficient, an important approach is exactly to adjust in real time the working point of photovoltaic array, make it to always work near the maximum power point, this process just is referred to as MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT).
MPPT control is in order to use more completely solar cell, to improve the utilization ratio of solar cell.Now MPPT control method commonly used is method of perturbation (such as the voltage disturbance method), although method of perturbation uses easily, 2 shortcomings are also arranged: the first can allow photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter shake about the MPP point, thereby causes energy loss, reduces the efficient of solar cell; It two is that the disturbance step-length of common method of perturbation is difficult to determine, increases the degree of concussion if step-length is too large, can increase the time that MPP is ordered of seeking if step-length is too small.
Summary of the invention
Problems and shortcomings for prior art exists in order to improve the service efficiency of solar cell, the invention provides a kind of simpler, stable photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device and method based on voltage fluctuation.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of MPPT control method of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and it comprises step:
DC voltage Ux and the DC current Ix of A, sampling photovoltaic inverter direct-flow side, and the power input Px of calculating photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side;
B, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not more than voltage minimal value U
1If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage minimal value U
1And voltage minimal value U
1Corresponding power input P
1And change D over to, otherwise change C over to;
C, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not less than voltage maximum value U
2If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage maximum value U
2And voltage maximum value U
2Corresponding power input P
2And change D over to, otherwise change E over to;
D, according to voltage minimal value U
1And corresponding power input P
1, voltage maximum value U
2And corresponding power input P
2Calculating voltage end value U;
E, send the pwm signal of each switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to voltage end value U.
Wherein, step D is according to formula
Calculating voltage end value U, wherein, k＞0; Sign is for getting symbolic operation, as U1〉during U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for negative, when U1＜U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for just.
In addition, the present invention discloses a kind of MPPT control device of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and it comprises:
Voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit are for DC voltage Ux and the DC current Ix of the photovoltaic inverter direct-flow side of sampling respectively;
Controller with AD module and PWM output module, the AD module of controller connects the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit, and the PWM output module of controller connects each switch of inverter circuit in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by driving circuit;
Wherein, carried out the power input Px of following processing: A, calculating photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by controller; B, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not more than voltage minimal value U
1If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage minimal value U
1And voltage minimal value U
1Corresponding power input P
1And change D over to, otherwise change C over to; C, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not less than voltage maximum value U
2If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage maximum value U
2And voltage maximum value U
2Corresponding power input P
2And change D over to, otherwise change E over to; D, according to voltage minimal value U
1And corresponding power input P
1, voltage maximum value U
2And corresponding power input P
2Calculating voltage end value U; E, sent the pwm signal of each switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to driving circuit by the PWM output module according to voltage end value U by controller.
Wherein, controller is according to formula
Calculating voltage end value U, wherein, k＞0; Sign is for getting symbolic operation, as U1〉during U2, sign (U
2-U
1) for negative, when U1＜U2, sign (U
2-U
1) for just.
Wherein, controller is dsp controller.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control of the busbar voltage disturbance realization of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side, and this MPPT control device is simpler and easy, realizes that cost is lower.In addition, MPPT control method provided by the invention realizes simply, processes fast and control stable, can improve the service efficiency of solar cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
Fig. 2 is that the power-balance of single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter concerns synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of MPPT control device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of MPPT control method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the pursuit path synoptic diagram of maximum power point voltage-power of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
At first analyze the energy flow situation in the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.Ignore various losses (comprise inverter bridge open the light loss, passive device loss, line loss and secondary power supply etc.), the power-balance relation of system as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, arrow represents the power positive dirction stipulated.Among the figure, Ppv is the output power of photovoltaic cell; Pc is the power of dc-link capacitance; UDC is DC bus-bar voltage, i.e. the output voltage of sun power electroplax; IC is the electric current on the dc-link capacitance; UL is the voltage on the ac filter inductance; UG is ac grid voltage; IG is ac output current; C is the dc-link capacitance value; L is the ac filter inductance value.According to the power-balance relation, have
If line voltage and electric current are the sine wave with the frequency homophase, i.e. u
G=Usin wt, i
G=Isin wt.U is the line voltage amplitude; I is the power network current amplitude; W is the line voltage angular frequency.Substitution formula (1.1)
In formula (1.2),
Under typical photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter parameter, during steady-state operation, the myopia solution of formula (1.2) is
D is DC voltage u in the formula
DCMean value.
By formula (1.3) as can be known, single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is when steady-state operation, and DC bus-bar voltage has the fluctuation that doubles mains frequency.Under certain condition, can be as traditional interference observation, mode with continuous modification voltage instruction value is carried out voltage disturbance, the present invention but MPPT control is carried out in the intrinsic fluctuation that takes full advantage of busbar voltage voltage, can avoid like this near maximum power point, causing unnecessary concussion, thereby improve the steady-state behaviour of MPPT control.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 3, in one embodiment, realize that the MPPT control device of MPPT control method comprises: have the controller of AD module and PWM output module, such as dsp controller; The AD module of controller connects the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit, and the PWM output module of controller connects each switch of inverter circuit (DC/AC) in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by driving circuit.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 4, the present invention realizes that the MPPT control method comprises the steps:
Step S1, by voltage sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit of MPPT control device sample respectively the DC voltage Ux of photovoltaic inverter direct-flow side and DC bus-bar voltage uDC and the output current iDC that DC current Ix(is sun power electroplax output terminal), and calculated the power input Px=Ux*Ix of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by controller.
Step S2, judged DC voltage Ux(or the sampled voltage Ux of current sampling by controller) whether be not more than voltage minimal value U
1(when DC bus-bar voltage uDC is voltage minimal value U
1The time, corresponding power input P
2), if change step S3 over to, otherwise change step S4 over to.
Step S3, by controller with the DC voltage Ux assignment of current sampling to voltage minimal value U
1, and the power input Px assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage minimal value U
1Corresponding power input P
1, namely in the MPPT control device, upgrade voltage minimal value U
1And corresponding power input P
1
Step S4, further judged DC voltage Ux(or the sampled voltage Ux of current sampling by controller) whether be not less than voltage maximum value U
2(when DC bus-bar voltage uDC is voltage maximum value U
2The time, corresponding power input P
2), if change step S5 over to, otherwise change step S7 over to.
Step S5, by controller with the DC voltage Ux assignment of current sampling to voltage maximum value U
2, and the power input Px assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage maximum value U
2Corresponding power input P
2, namely in the MPPT control device, upgrade voltage maximum value U
2And corresponding power input P
2
Step S6, by controller according to formula
Calculating voltage end value U.In the formula, k＞0; Sign works as U for getting symbolic operation
1U
2The time, sign (U
2-U
1) for negative, work as U
1＜U
2The time, sign (U
2-U
1) for just.
Step S7, sent the pwm signal of each switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to driving circuit by the PWM output module according to voltage end value U by controller.
The direction of change in voltage is relevant with the symbol of each voltage, performance number among Fig. 4, and the direction towards the increase of output power changes all the time.P
1And P
2When gap was larger, the step-length of change in voltage was just larger; P
1And P
2Gap more hour, the step-length of change in voltage is just less.When dc voltage average value reaches maximum power point, P is arranged
1=P
2, the voltage instruction value that calculates gained this moment just is dc voltage average value, therefore can not produce unnecessary concussion when stable state.
Figure 5 shows that voltage in the MPPT control procedure-power track, and illumination is respectively 1000W/m
2And 600W/m
2The time photovoltaic cell voltage-power characteristic.Adopt as seen from the figure said method can effectively find maximum power point, and in process of environmental change, follow all the time maximum power point, do not occur unnecessary disturbance during stable state.
When power hour, the fluctuation amplitude of DC bus-bar voltage is also less, considers the precision limitation of sensor, is not enough to carry out correct calculating and judgement, still need adopt this moment extra voltage disturbance to carry out MPPT control.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the MPPT control method of a photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is characterized in that, comprises step:
DC voltage Ux and the DC current Ix of A, sampling photovoltaic inverter direct-flow side, and the power input Px of calculating photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side;
B, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not more than voltage minimal value U
1If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage minimal value U
1And voltage minimal value U
1Corresponding power input P
1And change D over to, otherwise change C over to;
C, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not less than voltage maximum value U
2If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage maximum value U
2And voltage maximum value U
2Corresponding power input P
2And change D over to, otherwise change E over to;
D, according to voltage minimal value U
1And corresponding power input P
1, voltage maximum value U
2And corresponding power input P
2Calculating voltage end value U;
E, send the pwm signal of each switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to voltage end value U.
2. the MPPT control method of described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that step D is according to formula
Calculating voltage end value U, wherein, k＞0; Sign is for getting symbolic operation, as U1〉during U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for negative, when U1＜U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for just.
3. the MPPT control device of a photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is characterized in that, comprising:
Voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit are for DC voltage Ux and the DC current Ix of the photovoltaic inverter direct-flow side of sampling respectively;
Controller with AD module and PWM output module, the AD module of controller connects the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit, and the PWM output module of controller connects each switch of inverter circuit in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by driving circuit;
Wherein, carried out the power input Px of following processing: A, calculating photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter DC side by controller; B, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not more than voltage minimal value U
1If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage minimal value U
1And voltage minimal value U
1Corresponding power input P
1And change D over to, otherwise change C over to; C, judge whether the DC voltage Ux of current sampling is not less than voltage maximum value U
2If,, then the power input Px difference assignment that DC voltage Ux is corresponding is to voltage maximum value U
2And voltage maximum value U
2Corresponding power input P
2And change D over to, otherwise change E over to; D, according to voltage minimal value U
1And corresponding power input P
1, voltage maximum value U
2And corresponding power input P
2Calculating voltage end value U; E, sent the pwm signal of each switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to driving circuit by the PWM output module according to voltage end value U by controller.
4. the MPPT control device of described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter according to claim 3 is characterized in that controller is according to formula
Calculating voltage end value U, wherein, k＞0; Sign is for getting symbolic operation, as U1〉during U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for negative, when U1＜U2, sign (U
2-U
2) for just.
5. according to claim 3 or the MPPT control device of 4 described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, it is characterized in that controller is dsp controller.
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| CN103885522A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-25 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Maximum power tracking method based on direct-current bus voltage control |
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| CN109538458A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-29 | 东莞市深鹏电子有限公司 | A kind of solar water pump regulating device and its control method |
| WO2020098337A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for tracking maximum power point |
| CN112379153A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Direct current oscillation detection circuit, direct current arc detection circuit and inverter |
| CN112711292A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-04-27 | 深圳黑晶光电技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module maximum power tracking method, system and storage medium |
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| CN112711292A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-04-27 | 深圳黑晶光电技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module maximum power tracking method, system and storage medium |
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