CN103063325A - BOTDA temperature and strain simultaneous measurement method based on LEAF optical fiber - Google Patents

BOTDA temperature and strain simultaneous measurement method based on LEAF optical fiber Download PDF

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CN103063325A
CN103063325A CN2013100152404A CN201310015240A CN103063325A CN 103063325 A CN103063325 A CN 103063325A CN 2013100152404 A CN2013100152404 A CN 2013100152404A CN 201310015240 A CN201310015240 A CN 201310015240A CN 103063325 A CN103063325 A CN 103063325A
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刘永
袁飞
杨帆
洪向前
唐琳峰
张尚剑
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于LEAF光纤的BOTDA温度和应变同时测量方法，针对现有温度和应变同时测量方法中无法精确测量光信号绝对功率从而无法提高测量精度的缺点，提出了利用LEAF光纤中受激布里渊增益谱具有多个增益峰的特性进行温度和应力的同时测量。利用连续探测光和窄线宽脉冲泵浦光在LEAF光纤中产生受激布里渊散射，通过测量布里渊散射信号第一个和第二个增益峰的布里渊频移和线宽，并用拟合算法对测得数据进行拟合，从而完成沿光纤温度和应力分布的测量。本发明不需要测量布里渊散射信号的绝对功率，有效提高了BOTDA系统的动态性能和空间分辨率，在分布式光纤传感系统中有广泛的应用前景。

The present invention discloses a BOTDA temperature and strain simultaneous measurement method based on LEAF optical fiber. Aiming at the shortcoming that the existing temperature and strain simultaneous measurement method cannot accurately measure the absolute power of the optical signal and thus cannot improve the measurement accuracy, it is proposed to use the characteristic that the stimulated Brillouin gain spectrum in the LEAF optical fiber has multiple gain peaks to perform simultaneous measurement of temperature and stress. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is generated in the LEAF optical fiber using continuous detection light and narrow linewidth pulse pump light. The Brillouin frequency shift and linewidth of the first and second gain peaks of the Brillouin scattering signal are measured, and the measured data are fitted with a fitting algorithm, thereby completing the measurement of the temperature and stress distribution along the optical fiber. The present invention does not need to measure the absolute power of the Brillouin scattering signal, effectively improves the dynamic performance and spatial resolution of the BOTDA system, and has broad application prospects in distributed optical fiber sensing systems.

Description

BOTDA temperature and strain while measuring method based on LEAF optical fiber
Technical field
The invention belongs to the photoelectron technology field, relate to optical fiber sensing technology, particularly a kind of BOTDA temperature and strain while measuring method based on LEAF optical fiber.
Background technology
In distributed Brillouin sensing, two kinds of Brillouin light domain reflectometer BOTDR and Brillouin light time domain reflection technology BOTDA are arranged.In the temperature and strain sensing system of routine, no matter be that BOTDR or BOTDA all use single-mode fiber as sensor information, and by analyzing the Brillouin scattering gain spectral, i.e. the variation of the power of Brillouin's signal and Brillouin shift (centre frequency of pump light pulse and Brillouin scattering centre frequency poor) obtains the information of temperature and strain.
In distributed Brillouin sensing system, the transmission range of the transducing signal of diverse location in light path is different, and signal has different losses, and this has greatly affected the measurement to brillouin scattering signal power.Light source self power is unstable in addition, and the factors such as interchannel noise have also caused very large impact to the measurement of brillouin scattering signal power.In the present brillouin distributed sensor-based system, the measuring error of the overwhelming majority is that the measuring error by brillouin scattering signal power causes.
In order to improve the precision to the brillouin scattering signal power measurement, the method for introducing reference light in measuring system is suggested.Under the present technical conditions, usually adopt the Rayleigh scattering light signal and oppositely the Stokes light signal as reference light, thereby comparatively efficiently solve the problem such as the fixed and long Distance Transmission of flashing to the impact of signal power.But the measured value fluctuation that the factors such as the noise of optical power detector self and measuring accuracy cause remains the principal element of restriction temperature and strain measurement precision and sensor-based system resolution and dynamic range.
Based on this, the present invention proposes the multimodal measuring method that has a plurality of gain peak based on LEAF optical fiber Brillouin gain spectral.In this method, abandoned the measurement to the brillouin scattering signal absolute power, thereby avoided the impact of optical signal power measuring error on measurement result.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide simultaneously measuring method of a kind of BOTDA temperature based on LEAF optical fiber and strain, make temperature and the strain can be simultaneously measured, avoided the impact of optical signal power measuring error on measurement result.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme
Principle of work of the present invention is: adopt continuous probe light and burst pulse single-frequency pump light to produce stimulated Brillouin scattering in LEAF optical fiber, brillouin scattering signal and local reference optical signal are carried out after difference frequency detects, obtain Brillouin shift and the live width of first and second gain peak of LEAF stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber signal, obtain temperature and strain on this measurement space by data fitting, change and measure temperature and the Strain Distribution that constantly then can obtain along optical fiber.
A kind of BOTDA temperature and strain while measuring method based on LEAF optical fiber may further comprise the steps:
1. wavelength continuous light source signal obtains suitable signal intensity by optical attenuator, as surveying light signal;
2. the narrow linewidth light signal is divided into first via light signal and the second road light signal by coupling mechanism;
3. first via light signal adopts the electric light intensity modulated to modulate by behind the Polarization Controller, rationally arrange obtain after the modulation parameter frequency shifts be approximately equal to Brillouin shift on the pump light pulse that moves and move down;
4. the signal that moves on the optical filter selecting frequency is as the pumping pulse signal, and makes the pumping pulse signal by polarization scrambler, can reduce like this polarization mismatch between pump light signals and the detection light signal;
5. will survey light signal and pump light signals and be injected into the LEAF optical fiber from two ends, produce stimulated Brillouin scattering;
6. the second road light signal carries out heterodyne reception with the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal and obtains heterodyne signal as local reference light, thereby obtains the frequency spectrum of brillouin frequency shifting signal; By heterodyne signal and obtain in the LEAF optical fiber first and Brillouin shift and the live width of second gain peak, Brillouin shift and the live width of first and second gain peak are carried out data fitting, thereby obtain temperature and strain on this locus;
7. change Measuring Time and obtain temperature and Strain Distribution along optical fiber.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Improved the BOTDA system and measured simultaneously dynamic range and the resolution of temperature and strain, effectively overcome the restriction of measuring light power error to measurement result, in distributed fiber-optic sensor, had broad application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is continuous probe optical spectrum of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention surveys optical spectrum, pump light frequency spectrum and brillouin gain spectrum;
Fig. 3 is the frequency spectrum after the present invention surveys light and pump light interaction;
Fig. 4 is the frequency spectrum after the heterodyne of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is structural representation of the present invention;
Reference numeral is: 1 is that wavelength continuous light source, 2 is that optical attenuator, 3 is that LEAF optical fiber, 4 is that optical circulator, 5 is that polarization scrambling instrument, 6 is that electric light intensity modulator, 7 is that Polarization Controller, 8 is that narrow linewidth light source, 9 is that coupling mechanism, 10 is that photodetector, 11 is electric frequency spectrograph.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
A kind of BOTDA temperature and strain while measuring method based on LEAF optical fiber, may further comprise the steps: 1. wavelength continuous light source signal obtains suitable signal intensity by optical attenuator, as surveying light signal; 2. the narrow linewidth light signal is divided into first via light signal and the second road light signal by coupling mechanism; 3. first via light signal adopts the electric light intensity modulated to modulate by behind the Polarization Controller, rationally arrange obtain after the modulation parameter frequency shifts be approximately equal to Brillouin shift on the pump light pulse that moves and move down; 4. the signal that moves on the optical filter selecting frequency is as the pumping pulse signal, and makes the pumping pulse signal by polarization scrambler, can reduce like this polarization mismatch between pump light signals and the detection light signal; 5. will survey light signal and pump light signals and be injected into the LEAF optical fiber from two ends, produce stimulated Brillouin scattering; 6. the second road light signal carries out heterodyne reception with the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal and obtains heterodyne signal as local reference light, thereby obtains the frequency spectrum of brillouin frequency shifting signal; By heterodyne signal and obtain in the LEAF optical fiber first and Brillouin shift and the live width of second gain peak, Brillouin shift and the live width of first and second gain peak are carried out data fitting, thereby obtain temperature and strain on this locus; 7. change Measuring Time and obtain temperature and Strain Distribution along optical fiber.
Embodiment
Wavelength coverage be the wavelength continuous light source of 400nm-2400nm through obtaining the suitable detection light of intensity behind the optical attenuator 2, its frequency spectrum and remembers that its centre frequency is as shown in Figure 1
Figure 432331DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Frequency is the narrow linewidth light source about 1MHz, is divided into two by 1:2 coupling mechanism 10.First via light signal is modulated by Polarization Controller 8 rear employing electric light intensity modulators 7, parameters so that modulator 7 output frequencies be
Figure 2013100152404100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, pulsewidth is the pulsed light of 10ns, wherein
Figure 104752DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Be Brillouin shift.After adopting the filtering of optical filter pulse signals, only output frequency is
Figure 2013100152404100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Pulse.Pulse signal enters polarization scrambling instrument 6 afterwards, so that the polarization state of pulse signal obtains continuous change, thereby avoids the polarization mismatch of pumping pulse light signal and continuous probe light signal.Pulsed optical signals enters in the LEAF optical fiber 3 through behind the optical circulator 4, pumping pulse light and continuous probe light will interact and produce stimulated Brillouin scattering in LEAF optical fiber 3, survey optical spectrum, pump light frequency spectrum and stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectral as shown in Figure 2, the frequency spectrum of the stimulated Brillouin scattering that detection light and pump light interaction produce as shown in Figure 3.The stimulated Brillouin scattering signal carries out heterodyne reception through the second road signal in circulator 4 and the coupling mechanism 10 in photodetector 11 afterwards, and the heterodyne signal frequency spectrum that obtains after the heterodyne as shown in Figure 4.Can be obtained Brillouin shift and the live width of LEAF stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber signal first and second gain peak by heterodyne signal shown in Figure 4, thereby can obtain temperature and strain on this locus, change and measure temperature and the Strain Distribution that constantly can obtain along optical fiber, need to prove that the live width at excited Brillouin spectrum gain peak in this example of the present invention refers to the full width at half maximum FWHM of peak value.
In the present embodiment, the Brillouin shift by LEAF stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber signal first and second gain peak and live width obtain the process that temperature on this locus and strain need a demarcation.Temperature and strain on stimulated Brillouin scattering spectrum and the locus, LAEF optical fiber place have following relation:
Figure 25172DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(1)
In the formula
Figure 2013100152404100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be respectively strain, temperature, Brillouin shift, live width; , ,
Figure 520930DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
,
Figure 2013100152404100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
,
Figure 364253DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
,
Figure 834286DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Be corresponding constant coefficient, wherein 1,2 represent respectively stimulated Brillouin scattering and compose first and second gain peak.Changing the temperature at place, a certain locus and strain takes multiple measurements the LEAF of this place, space and can obtain the corresponding sensing variable space:
(
Figure 421256DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
T)=[(
Figure 660345DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
),(
Figure 674569DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
),……,( ,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
)]
The dependent variable space:
( ，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
，
Figure 53838DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
)=[(
Figure 737498DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
，
Figure 683589DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
),(
Figure 72017DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
，
Figure 787164DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
),……,(
Figure 579408DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
，
Figure 245750DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
)]
Then can get:
Figure 915897DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
(
Figure 984085DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
，
Figure 573330DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
T)=(
Figure 556329DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，
Figure 387757DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
，
Figure 874233DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
， )
Can be in the hope of the constant coefficient matrix by data fitting:
Figure 540892DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Then for the spectrum of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in arbitrary LEAF optical fiber, bring formula (1) with its first into Brillouin shift and the live width of second gain peak, adopt optimization algorithm to ask optimum solution can obtain temperature and the strain of this locus.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于LEAF光纤的BOTDA温度和应变同时测量方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： 1. a kind of BOTDA temperature based on LEAF optical fiber and strain measuring method simultaneously, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: ①波长连续光源信号通过光衰减器获得合适的信号强度，作为探测光信号； ① The wavelength continuous light source signal obtains a suitable signal strength through the optical attenuator as the detection optical signal; ②将窄线宽光信号通过耦合器分为第一路光信号和第二路光信号； ②The narrow line width optical signal is divided into the first optical signal and the second optical signal through the coupler; ③第一路光信号通过偏振控制器后，采用电光强度调制进行调制，合理设置调制参数后得到频率移动近似等于布里渊频移的上移和下移的泵浦光脉冲； ③After the first optical signal passes through the polarization controller, it is modulated by electro-optic intensity modulation, and after setting the modulation parameters reasonably, the pump light pulse whose frequency shift is approximately equal to the upshift and downshift of the Brillouin frequency shift is obtained; ④光滤波器选取频率上移的信号作为泵浦脉冲信号，并使泵浦脉冲信号通过偏振扰频器，这样可以减少泵浦光信号与探测光信号之间的偏振失配； ④ The optical filter selects the signal whose frequency is shifted up as the pump pulse signal, and makes the pump pulse signal pass through the polarization scrambler, which can reduce the polarization mismatch between the pump light signal and the probe light signal; ⑤将探测光信号和泵浦光信号从两端注入到LEAF光纤中，产生受激布里渊散射； ⑤Inject the probe light signal and the pump light signal into the LEAF fiber from both ends to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering; ⑥第二路光信号作为本地参考光，与受激布里渊散射信号进行外差接收得到外差信号，从而得到布里渊频移信号的频谱；由外差信号并获得LEAF光纤中第一个和第二个增益峰的布里渊频移及线宽，将第一个和第二个增益峰的布里渊频移及线宽进行数据拟合，从而得到该空间位置上的温度和应变； ⑥ The second optical signal is used as the local reference light, and is subjected to heterodyne reception with the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal to obtain the heterodyne signal, thereby obtaining the spectrum of the Brillouin frequency shift signal; The Brillouin frequency shift and linewidth of the first and second gain peaks, the data fitting of the Brillouin frequency shift and linewidth of the first and second gain peaks, so as to obtain the temperature and the linewidth at the spatial position. strain; ⑦改变测量时间得到沿光纤的温度和应变分布。 ⑦ Change the measurement time to obtain the temperature and strain distribution along the optical fiber. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于LEAF光纤的BOTDA温度和应变同时测量方法，其特征在于，所述受激布里渊散射谱与LAEF光纤所在空间位置上的温度和应变有如下关系： 2. the BOTDA temperature and strain measuring method based on LEAF fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described stimulated Brillouin scattering spectrum and the temperature and the strain on LAEF fiber place space position have following relation:                                                                    
Figure 773565DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
                      ，式中分别为应变，温度，布里渊频移，线宽；，
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，
Figure 114865DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，
Figure 846060DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
，，，
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
为相应的常数系数，其中1、2分别代表受激布里渊散射谱第一个和第二个增益峰。
Figure 773565DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, where Respectively strain, temperature, Brillouin frequency shift, line width; ,
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
,
Figure 114865DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
,
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 846060DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, , ,
Figure 2013100152404100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
are the corresponding constant coefficients, where 1 and 2 represent the first and second gain peaks of the stimulated Brillouin scattering spectrum, respectively.
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